The first purpose of this study was to investigate whether different modeling conditions (Aural and Aural/Notated Transcription) produced significant differences for improvisation achievement. Another purpose was to investigate whether music learning theory-based improvisation instruction had an effect on students' self-efficacy for improvisation and for instrumental music. Participants (N = 76) from an accessible population of 6th through 8th grade instrumental music students were assigned to either an aural model group or an aural and notated transcription model group based on scores from Gordon's Harmonic and Rhythmic Readiness Records (1998). All students were administered two researcher-designed self-efficacy scales before and after a 10 treatment session music learning theory-based improvisation instruction. Following the treatment sessions, each participant was individually recorded and assessed by three experienced music educators. The posttest improvisation scores were subjected to an ANOVA, while the pretest to posttest scores of the students' self-efficacies for music improvisation and instrumental music were subjected to two repeated measures ANOVAs. The Bonferroni technique was used to adjust the alpha level from .05 to .017. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in improvisation achievement for the modeling conditions of aural and aural/notated transcription. Further statistical analyses showed there were significant increases in students' self-efficacy for improvising and for instrumental music following improvisation instruction. This study's results suggest that music educators should consider using either modeling technique for improvisation learning experiences. Results also suggest that music educators may wish to consider using a music learning theory-based improvisation approach to facilitate greater confidence in improvising. Additionally, results suggest that classroom music educators may wish to consider improvisation instruction as a means for achieving greater student confidence in instrumental music. This study concludes with issues for further study.

No description available.

Esta pesquisa buscou compreender as aprendizagens e práticas musicais presentes e desencadeadas no e pelo Festival Música Estudantil de Guarulhos, que teve caráter competitivo e focou as músicas produzidas por estudantes. O objetivo do evento foi o de mobilizar as escolas do município de Guarulhos – SP, e, dar visibilidade às ações músico-pedagógicas nelas desencadeadas. Organizado pela Secretaria de Cultura do município, o Festival envolveu professores e gestores escolares, gestores municipais e, especialmente, 23 grupos musicais formados por jovens estudantes. O evento foi aberto a todas às formações de grupos instrumentais/vocais e a todos estilos/gêneros musicais, o que resultou em uma variedade significativa de jeitos e formas de tocar e cantar. Organizado em duas semifinais e uma final, o evento teve como premiação prometida a gravação de um CD com as dez músicas finalistas. As questões que guiaram a pesquisa foram: Que práticas musicais juvenis aparecem no evento? Como elas apareceram? Que ações músico-pedagógicas o Festival pôde mobilizar nos jovens participantes? E na escola, como isso ocorreu? Em que medida os jovens participantes, e a escola, interferiram nas decisões e na dinâmica do Festival? Para discutir estas questões, enfoquei o Festival de Música Estudantil de Guarulhos considerando que sua dinâmica e funcionamento potencializam aprendizagens musicais para os envolvidos. O Festival foi tomado como uma ação criada a partir de uma política pública, que pode congregar e remodelar práticas culturais no âmbito da música. A pesquisa foi orientada pela abordagem qualitativa e teve como método investigativo o estudo de caso. A inserção em campo se deu entre os meses de outubro de 2011 e junho de 2012, e os dados construídos no trabalho de campo constituíram-se em: 1) observações com registros fotográficos e em audiovisual das eliminatórias e a final do festival de 2011; 2) entrevistas semiestruturadas com os integrantes das bandas e grupos musicais, a equipe pedagógica das escolas participantes, e a equipe organizadora do Festival – incluindo funcionários da Secretaria de Cultura do Município de Guarulhos e da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo; e, 3) documentos relativos ao evento. Os dados da pesquisa permitem a compreensão da dinâmica, da estrutura, e do potencial músico-pedagógico imbuídos nesse tipo de evento. Ao longo do Festival ocorreram diversos momentos profícuos em aprendizagens musicais, tais como a preparação dos jovens estudantes para o evento, e, as situações em que os organizadores possibilitaram o contato deles com outros músicos que lhes passaram dicas e instruções musicais. O Festival alavancou a prática musical de vários jovens e modificou o cenário escolar a partir do engajamento de estudantes e professores com composições, organização de bandas e apresentações musicais. Os resultados mostram que o Festival extrapolou o espaço e o calendário formalmente estabelecido pelos organizadores, contemplando a vida e a música de seus participantes. / This research aimed at understanding the learning and musical practices triggered in and by the student music festival in Guarulhos. The festival had a competitive nature and focused on the songs produced by the students. Another as important objective was to mobilize the municipal schools in Guarulhos – SP, and also highlight the music education actions developed there. This event was organized by the Municipal Department of Culture involving teachers, school and municipal managers and, especially, twenty-three music groups formed by young students. It was open to all instrumental/vocal groups of any formation and music style, which resulted in a great variety of manners of singing and playing music. The festival had two semifinals and a final, the prize was the recording of a CD with the ten best songs. The leading questions to the research were: What are the juvenile musical practices present at the event? How did they appear? What music education actions did the festival cause in the young participants? And at school, how did that happen? To what extent did the young participants – and the school – interfere in the decisions and dynamics of the event? In order to discuss these questions, the research focuses the student music festival in Guarulhos based on the arguments of field of music education has – understood as a field of knowledge that takes interest in the processes of music teaching and/or learning. The research was guided by the qualitative approach and had a case study as the investigative method. The inclusion in the field occurred between the months of October 2011 and June 2012. The resulting data consists of: 1) audiovisual and photographic records of the playoffs and the final in 2011; 2) semi-structured interviews with participating groups, participating schools’ pedagogical team, and the organizing staff of the Festival - including people from the Department of Culture of Guarulhos and people involved in the Education Department of the State of São Paulo; and, 3) festival-related documents and reports. The resulting data allow the understanding of aspects such as the dynamics, structure, and the music and educational potential present in this kind of event. There were several fruitful moments of music learning during the festival, such as the students’ preparation for the event, and the possibility the organizers gave them to be in touch with other musicians who provided them with hints and instructions concerning music. The festival boosted the music practice of several young students, changing the school setting from the commitment of students and teachers in composing, forming groups, and the music performances. The results show that the festival went beyond the space and schedule the organizers had formally established – by contemplating its participants’ life and music.

Music Learning and Mathematics Achievement: A Real-World Study in English Primary Schools Edel Marie Sanders Abstract This study examines the potential for music education to enhance children's mathematical achievement and understanding. Psychological and neuroscientific research on the relationship between music and mathematics has grown considerably in recent years. Much of this, however, has been laboratory-based, short-term or small-scale research. The present study contributes to the literature by focusing on specific musical and mathematical elements, working principally through the medium of singing and setting the study in five primary schools over a full school year. Nearly 200 children aged seven to eight years, in six school classes, experienced structured weekly music lessons, congruent with English National Curriculum objectives for music but with specific foci. The quasi-experimental design employed two independent variable categories: musical focus (form, pitch relationships or rhythm) and mathematical teaching emphasis (implicit or explicit). In all other respects, lesson content was kept as constant as possible. Pretests and posttests in standardised behavioural measures of musical, spatial and mathematical thinking were administered to all children. Statistical analyses (two-way mixed ANOVAs) of student scores in these tests reveal positive significant gains in most comparisons over normative progress in mathematics for all musical emphases and both pedagogical conditions with slightly greater effects in the mathematically explicit lessons. This investigation addresses concerns that UK and US governments' quests for higher standards in mathematics typically result in impoverished curricula with limited access to the arts. In showing that active musical engagement over time can improve mathematical achievement, as hypothesised, this work adds to a growing body of research suggesting that policy-makers and educationalists should reconsider curriculum balance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6053.pdf: 4838095 bytes, checksum: 525ed8e829893d63765f6352099007b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / This research took place in a Social Project, named Guri, in Batatais, a city of the state of São Paulo . The Guri Project is a socio-cultural music education program, mostly maintained by the State Government. The specific objectives of the research were to identify and describe musical practices that occur in different spaces of the building where the Project is installed. After identifying such practices, the educational processes was described, based in the students relationships, focusing their involvement with music. The methodological framework was based in the understanding on how that everyone learns in harmony, considering the social and the musical view. Three groups of musical practices have been identified, with the inclusion of the researcher in one of them within approximately three months, in order to participate and identify educational processes that occur among the students during the music practice. The first practice observed was among the percussion set, in the orchestra rehearsals during the Project . The second practice observed was the meetings of two little girls made, every week, in one of the empty rooms of the building, in an extra class time. The third and final insertion occurred in group activities developed in a string class. After identifying the educational processes, analysis and discussion the data, such processes were separated into the following categories: DIALOGUE AND MUSICAL SPEECH; COLABORATION AND LEARNING TOGETHER; COLABORATION, AUTONOMY, MUSIC PRACTICE AND THEIR RESULTS. The study aims to contribute in the field of music education, specifically to produce knowledge about music education from the perspective of humanizing education. For instance, we intended to understand how the students develop relationship between them and the music, how was being educated in community, considering the social and musical autonomy of the students. / A presente pesquisa foi realizada em um dos polos do Projeto Guri, mais especificamente no polo da cidade de Batatais, interior do estado de São Paulo. O Projeto Guri é um programa sociocultural de educação musical, mantido majoritariamente pelo Governo do Estado. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa foram identificar e descrever práticas musicais coletivas que ocorressem nos espaços de convivência do prédio onde o Projeto está instalado. Após a identificação de tais práticas procurou-se descrever quais eram os processos educativos que decorriam das relações entre os alunos e alunas em seu envolvimento com a música. O objetivo geral era analisar os processos educativos identificados para procurar entender como alunos e alunas se educam coletivamente, partindo de suas próprias relações. Pretendeu-se realizar essa pesquisa por não encontrar pesquisas que ao tratarem do ensino coletivo de música, tivessem como objetivo adentrar práticas musicais coletivas já existentes para a partir delas entender, por meio daqueles que delas fazem parte, como os sujeitos se educam em coletividade. Foram identificadas três práticas musicais coletivas, havendo a inserção do pesquisador em cada uma delas num período aproximado de três meses, com a finalidade de conviver, participar e identificar processos educativos que ocorressem nas relações estabelecidas. Após a identificação dos processos educativos, e para análise e discussão dos dados, tais processos foram separados nas seguintes categorias: DIÁLOGO MUSICAL E DISCURSO MUSICAL, APRENDIZAGEM COLETIVA E COLABORAÇÃO, MUSICIDADE, AUTONOMIA, EXPÊRIENCIA MUSICAL e PRODUÇÃO CULTURAL. O estudo pretende contribuir no campo da educação musical, especificamente ao tratar o ensino coletivo de música sob uma perspectiva da educação humanizadora, ou seja, pretende-se entender como alunos e alunas em seu envolvimento entre si e com a música, se educam em coletividade, partindo das mais variadas relações estabelecidas entre eles, sujeitos autônomos que ensinam e aprendem.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / This dissertation focuses on the musical experiences of senior women. The general purpose of the research is to comprehend the musical experiences in the memories of elderly women, and, as specific objectives, it was intended to evoke spaces in which these musical experiences happen/have happened, reconstruct the kinds of musical experiences, interpret the means through which these experiences were lived, describing and discussing the content of these experiences. Considered as qualitative research, it has as methodological option the Oral History and uses the interview as procedure for collecting information. Participated in this study 10 elderly women who are part of the Coral AFRID (Project Physical Activity and Recreational Facilities for the Elderly).The theoretical reference is based on the discussion concerning the musical experience as social experience, as well as the issues regarding the memory and recollections related to the memory of elderly people, which, in this case, are women. It was observed that the musical experiences of the women happened mainly in the areas of family, home, school, church, parties. Musical experiences related to music, with singing, see the play. The radio was the medium most used by the elderly to live music throughout their lives. The memories are permeated with musical learning from experienced to learn when they listen to or sing along and / or alone. It is believed that that this study contributes to the area in the elaboration of musical-pedagogical propositions involving this public, for the planning and organizing of public politics related to the aging process, the comprehension of the ways music and its teaching/learning can be present in this process, enabling a different perception of oldness. / Esta dissertação tem como foco as experiências musicais de idosas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é compreender experiências musicais que estão nas lembranças de idosas, e como objetivos específicos pretendeu-se evocar espaços nos quais essas experiências musicais acontecem/ram, reconstruir os tipos de experiências musicais, interpretar os meios pelos quais essas experiências foram vividas, descrevendo e discutindo o conteúdo dessas experiências. Considerada como pesquisa qualitativa, tem como opção metodológica a História Oral e utiliza a entrevista como procedimento de coleta de dados. Participaram dessa pesquisa 10 idosas que fazem parte do Coral do AFRID (Projeto de Atividades Físicas e Recreativas para Idosos). O referencial teórico tem como base a discussão sobre experiência musical, como, por exemplo, experiência social, e a questão da memória e da lembrança relacionadas à memória de velhos , os quais, nesse caso, são mulheres. Observou-se que as experiências musicais das idosas aconteceram, principalmente, nos espaços da família, das casas, escola, igreja, festas. Experiências musicais relacionadas com o ouvir música, com o cantar, com o ver tocar. O rádio foi o meio mais utilizado pelas idosas para vivenciar a música ao longo de suas vidas. As lembranças são permeadas de aprendizagens musicais vividas a partir de quando escutam para aprender ou cantam junto e/ou sozinhas. Acredita-se que esse estudo possa contribuir para a área da educação musical na elaboração de propostas pedagógico-musicais que envolvam esse público, para a organização e planejamento de políticas públicas relacionadas ao envelhecimento, para a compreensão das maneiras que a música e o seu ensino/aprendizagem podem marcar presença nesse processo, possibilitando outra percepção da velhice. / Mestre em Artes

Esta pesquisa buscou compreender as aprendizagens e práticas musicais presentes e desencadeadas no e pelo Festival Música Estudantil de Guarulhos, que teve caráter competitivo e focou as músicas produzidas por estudantes. O objetivo do evento foi o de mobilizar as escolas do município de Guarulhos – SP, e, dar visibilidade às ações músico-pedagógicas nelas desencadeadas. Organizado pela Secretaria de Cultura do município, o Festival envolveu professores e gestores escolares, gestores municipais e, especialmente, 23 grupos musicais formados por jovens estudantes. O evento foi aberto a todas às formações de grupos instrumentais/vocais e a todos estilos/gêneros musicais, o que resultou em uma variedade significativa de jeitos e formas de tocar e cantar. Organizado em duas semifinais e uma final, o evento teve como premiação prometida a gravação de um CD com as dez músicas finalistas. As questões que guiaram a pesquisa foram: Que práticas musicais juvenis aparecem no evento? Como elas apareceram? Que ações músico-pedagógicas o Festival pôde mobilizar nos jovens participantes? E na escola, como isso ocorreu? Em que medida os jovens participantes, e a escola, interferiram nas decisões e na dinâmica do Festival? Para discutir estas questões, enfoquei o Festival de Música Estudantil de Guarulhos considerando que sua dinâmica e funcionamento potencializam aprendizagens musicais para os envolvidos. O Festival foi tomado como uma ação criada a partir de uma política pública, que pode congregar e remodelar práticas culturais no âmbito da música. A pesquisa foi orientada pela abordagem qualitativa e teve como método investigativo o estudo de caso. A inserção em campo se deu entre os meses de outubro de 2011 e junho de 2012, e os dados construídos no trabalho de campo constituíram-se em: 1) observações com registros fotográficos e em audiovisual das eliminatórias e a final do festival de 2011; 2) entrevistas semiestruturadas com os integrantes das bandas e grupos musicais, a equipe pedagógica das escolas participantes, e a equipe organizadora do Festival – incluindo funcionários da Secretaria de Cultura do Município de Guarulhos e da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo; e, 3) documentos relativos ao evento. Os dados da pesquisa permitem a compreensão da dinâmica, da estrutura, e do potencial músico-pedagógico imbuídos nesse tipo de evento. Ao longo do Festival ocorreram diversos momentos profícuos em aprendizagens musicais, tais como a preparação dos jovens estudantes para o evento, e, as situações em que os organizadores possibilitaram o contato deles com outros músicos que lhes passaram dicas e instruções musicais. O Festival alavancou a prática musical de vários jovens e modificou o cenário escolar a partir do engajamento de estudantes e professores com composições, organização de bandas e apresentações musicais. Os resultados mostram que o Festival extrapolou o espaço e o calendário formalmente estabelecido pelos organizadores, contemplando a vida e a música de seus participantes. / This research aimed at understanding the learning and musical practices triggered in and by the student music festival in Guarulhos. The festival had a competitive nature and focused on the songs produced by the students. Another as important objective was to mobilize the municipal schools in Guarulhos – SP, and also highlight the music education actions developed there. This event was organized by the Municipal Department of Culture involving teachers, school and municipal managers and, especially, twenty-three music groups formed by young students. It was open to all instrumental/vocal groups of any formation and music style, which resulted in a great variety of manners of singing and playing music. The festival had two semifinals and a final, the prize was the recording of a CD with the ten best songs. The leading questions to the research were: What are the juvenile musical practices present at the event? How did they appear? What music education actions did the festival cause in the young participants? And at school, how did that happen? To what extent did the young participants – and the school – interfere in the decisions and dynamics of the event? In order to discuss these questions, the research focuses the student music festival in Guarulhos based on the arguments of field of music education has – understood as a field of knowledge that takes interest in the processes of music teaching and/or learning. The research was guided by the qualitative approach and had a case study as the investigative method. The inclusion in the field occurred between the months of October 2011 and June 2012. The resulting data consists of: 1) audiovisual and photographic records of the playoffs and the final in 2011; 2) semi-structured interviews with participating groups, participating schools’ pedagogical team, and the organizing staff of the Festival - including people from the Department of Culture of Guarulhos and people involved in the Education Department of the State of São Paulo; and, 3) festival-related documents and reports. The resulting data allow the understanding of aspects such as the dynamics, structure, and the music and educational potential present in this kind of event. There were several fruitful moments of music learning during the festival, such as the students’ preparation for the event, and the possibility the organizers gave them to be in touch with other musicians who provided them with hints and instructions concerning music. The festival boosted the music practice of several young students, changing the school setting from the commitment of students and teachers in composing, forming groups, and the music performances. The results show that the festival went beyond the space and schedule the organizers had formally established – by contemplating its participants’ life and music.

Esta pesquisa buscou compreender as aprendizagens e práticas musicais presentes e desencadeadas no e pelo Festival Música Estudantil de Guarulhos, que teve caráter competitivo e focou as músicas produzidas por estudantes. O objetivo do evento foi o de mobilizar as escolas do município de Guarulhos – SP, e, dar visibilidade às ações músico-pedagógicas nelas desencadeadas. Organizado pela Secretaria de Cultura do município, o Festival envolveu professores e gestores escolares, gestores municipais e, especialmente, 23 grupos musicais formados por jovens estudantes. O evento foi aberto a todas às formações de grupos instrumentais/vocais e a todos estilos/gêneros musicais, o que resultou em uma variedade significativa de jeitos e formas de tocar e cantar. Organizado em duas semifinais e uma final, o evento teve como premiação prometida a gravação de um CD com as dez músicas finalistas. As questões que guiaram a pesquisa foram: Que práticas musicais juvenis aparecem no evento? Como elas apareceram? Que ações músico-pedagógicas o Festival pôde mobilizar nos jovens participantes? E na escola, como isso ocorreu? Em que medida os jovens participantes, e a escola, interferiram nas decisões e na dinâmica do Festival? Para discutir estas questões, enfoquei o Festival de Música Estudantil de Guarulhos considerando que sua dinâmica e funcionamento potencializam aprendizagens musicais para os envolvidos. O Festival foi tomado como uma ação criada a partir de uma política pública, que pode congregar e remodelar práticas culturais no âmbito da música. A pesquisa foi orientada pela abordagem qualitativa e teve como método investigativo o estudo de caso. A inserção em campo se deu entre os meses de outubro de 2011 e junho de 2012, e os dados construídos no trabalho de campo constituíram-se em: 1) observações com registros fotográficos e em audiovisual das eliminatórias e a final do festival de 2011; 2) entrevistas semiestruturadas com os integrantes das bandas e grupos musicais, a equipe pedagógica das escolas participantes, e a equipe organizadora do Festival – incluindo funcionários da Secretaria de Cultura do Município de Guarulhos e da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo; e, 3) documentos relativos ao evento. Os dados da pesquisa permitem a compreensão da dinâmica, da estrutura, e do potencial músico-pedagógico imbuídos nesse tipo de evento. Ao longo do Festival ocorreram diversos momentos profícuos em aprendizagens musicais, tais como a preparação dos jovens estudantes para o evento, e, as situações em que os organizadores possibilitaram o contato deles com outros músicos que lhes passaram dicas e instruções musicais. O Festival alavancou a prática musical de vários jovens e modificou o cenário escolar a partir do engajamento de estudantes e professores com composições, organização de bandas e apresentações musicais. Os resultados mostram que o Festival extrapolou o espaço e o calendário formalmente estabelecido pelos organizadores, contemplando a vida e a música de seus participantes. / This research aimed at understanding the learning and musical practices triggered in and by the student music festival in Guarulhos. The festival had a competitive nature and focused on the songs produced by the students. Another as important objective was to mobilize the municipal schools in Guarulhos – SP, and also highlight the music education actions developed there. This event was organized by the Municipal Department of Culture involving teachers, school and municipal managers and, especially, twenty-three music groups formed by young students. It was open to all instrumental/vocal groups of any formation and music style, which resulted in a great variety of manners of singing and playing music. The festival had two semifinals and a final, the prize was the recording of a CD with the ten best songs. The leading questions to the research were: What are the juvenile musical practices present at the event? How did they appear? What music education actions did the festival cause in the young participants? And at school, how did that happen? To what extent did the young participants – and the school – interfere in the decisions and dynamics of the event? In order to discuss these questions, the research focuses the student music festival in Guarulhos based on the arguments of field of music education has – understood as a field of knowledge that takes interest in the processes of music teaching and/or learning. The research was guided by the qualitative approach and had a case study as the investigative method. The inclusion in the field occurred between the months of October 2011 and June 2012. The resulting data consists of: 1) audiovisual and photographic records of the playoffs and the final in 2011; 2) semi-structured interviews with participating groups, participating schools’ pedagogical team, and the organizing staff of the Festival - including people from the Department of Culture of Guarulhos and people involved in the Education Department of the State of São Paulo; and, 3) festival-related documents and reports. The resulting data allow the understanding of aspects such as the dynamics, structure, and the music and educational potential present in this kind of event. There were several fruitful moments of music learning during the festival, such as the students’ preparation for the event, and the possibility the organizers gave them to be in touch with other musicians who provided them with hints and instructions concerning music. The festival boosted the music practice of several young students, changing the school setting from the commitment of students and teachers in composing, forming groups, and the music performances. The results show that the festival went beyond the space and schedule the organizers had formally established – by contemplating its participants’ life and music.

This chapter demonstrates how distinct positions in “Didactics” structure lessons in general, even down to structures in interaction. Another focus lies in the role of assessment in a comparison between the Lower-Saxony- and the Scottland-Lesson. It can be shown that the role of assessment that is proposed by the school administration influences classroom action, again down to structures of interaction.

No description available.