The goal for this dissertation was to research the music in liturgy and daily life of early Christians (of the first two centuries AD) and to reveal the main factors affecting the fornation of music and liturgy in the early church. Therefore the music backgrounds of the early Christians (the Jewish and Hellenistic music cultures) together with the evidences from early Christian literature (New Testament and some of the Church Fathers) have been examined. On the strength of the investigations done, the author concludes that Christianity inherited musical traditions first of all from Judaism, and later on, as it was extended to the entire Roman Empire, it was influenced by Hellenism as well. Consequently, there was not a united form of worship in early Christian church, and from the very beginning the music of different communities could vary depending on their cultural backgrounds.Thus, music life of Jewish Christianity differed from the churches consisting mainly of Christians from the Gentiles. / Cristian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (New Testament)

Target of this thesis is to realize an one-month musical project at one of kindergarten classes while using Orf's musical instruments. Further to find out through a musical test prospective individual contribution of Orf's musical instruments involvement to a musical development of preschool children. Theoretical part of thesis describes a pedagogical reform at musical education, current status of musical education at kindergardens based on a General Education Programm (RVP). Further refers to a psychological aspect of musical development of preschool children, describes Orf's musical instruments itself and its usage at "itegrative pedagogy". Practical part of thesis is dedicated to a survey. It discovers how often, which way and which musical instruments are used at kindergardens. The musical project is performed at one of kindergarten classes via musical test. Musical abbilities and skills of children are investigated and contribution of Orf's musical instruments is verified and evaluated.

Feste wie das kultische Opferfest wurden häufig im antiken Griechenland veranstaltet: sie trugen als Rituale grundlegend zur Organisation und Konstruktion der sozialen Gemeinschaft bei. Trotz dieser immensen Bedeutung des Festgeschehens gibt es noch immer Lücken in der altertumswissenschaftlichen Forschung, besonders vom musiksoziologischen Ansatz. Die Betrachtung der musikalischen Elemente im griechischen Kult wie Instrumentalspiel, Gesang einzelner und in Chören, wie auch der Tanz soll einen interdisziplinären Beitrag dazu liefern, die soziale Organisation der antiken griechischen Gesellschaft aus dem Blickwinkel der Musikarchäologie und -soziologie zu verstehen. Die Musik in antiken griechischen Opferritualen ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil dieses kultischen Ereignisses. Eigens dazu ausgebildete Musiker aber auch Laien musizierten zu den unterschiedlichen Phasen des Ritualkomplexes: während der Prozession, vor und nach der Opferung der Tiere oder der Darbringung anderer Gaben am Altar und zum festlichen Mahl. Diese Arbeit betrachtet die musikalische Begleitung speziell in den kultischen Prozessionen, untersucht mögliche Funktionen und Anwendungen der Musik, betrachtet den sozialen Status der Musiker und zeigt Zusammenhänge zwischen Musik und Kulthandlung. Dabei werden Vasenbilder vom 8. bis zum 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. analysiert und verglichen mit Aussagen antiker Texte zu Prozessionsmusik und Musikern. / Festivals, such as the cultic sacrifice feast, were often conducted in ancient Greece. These rituals contributed fundamentally to the organization and construction of Greek society. In spite of the important meaning of cultic festivals there are still gaps in classical and ancient knowlege on the subject, notably the music sociological aspects. The treatment of musical elements in Greek cult, such as instrumental playing, soloistic or choir singing, and even dancing will add an interdisciplinary component from the music archaeological and music sociological point of view. This will better inform us of the social organization of Greek communities. Music was an essential element of Greek sacrifice rituals. Both professional educated musicians and amateurs made music during the different parts of the ritual complex: during the procession, before and after the sacrifice ritual—which could constitute the slaughtering of animals or the offering of gifts--and during the festive meal. My thesis analyses the musical role in the ritual, especially in cultic processions. It explores possible functions and applications of music, examines the social status of the musicians, and reveals relations between music and the ritual act. My sources primarily comprise vase depictions from the 8th to the 5th century B.C., which are analysed and compared to the written texts on processional music and musicians.

Fluid flow creates an expansive range of acoustic possibilities, particularly in the case of water, which has unique turbulence and vortex shedding properties as compared with the air of ordinary wind instruments. Sound from water flow is explained with reference to a new class of musical instruments, hydraulophones, in which oscillation originates directly from matter in its liquid state. Several hydraulophones which were realized in practical form are described. A unique user-interface consisting of a row of water jets is presented, in terms of its expressiveness, tactility, responsiveness to derivatives and integrals of displacement, and in terms of the direct physical interaction between a user and the physical process of sound production. Signal processing algorithms are introduced, which extract further information from turbulent water flow, for industrial applications as well as musical applications.

Fluid flow creates an expansive range of acoustic possibilities, particularly in the case of water, which has unique turbulence and vortex shedding properties as compared with the air of ordinary wind instruments. Sound from water flow is explained with reference to a new class of musical instruments, hydraulophones, in which oscillation originates directly from matter in its liquid state. Several hydraulophones which were realized in practical form are described. A unique user-interface consisting of a row of water jets is presented, in terms of its expressiveness, tactility, responsiveness to derivatives and integrals of displacement, and in terms of the direct physical interaction between a user and the physical process of sound production. Signal processing algorithms are introduced, which extract further information from turbulent water flow, for industrial applications as well as musical applications.

The goal for this dissertation was to research the music in liturgy and daily life of early Christians (of the first two centuries AD) and to reveal the main factors affecting the fornation of music and liturgy in the early church. Therefore the music backgrounds of the early Christians (the Jewish and Hellenistic music cultures) together with the evidences from early Christian literature (New Testament and some of the Church Fathers) have been examined. On the strength of the investigations done, the author concludes that Christianity inherited musical traditions first of all from Judaism, and later on, as it was extended to the entire Roman Empire, it was influenced by Hellenism as well. Consequently, there was not a united form of worship in early Christian church, and from the very beginning the music of different communities could vary depending on their cultural backgrounds.Thus, music life of Jewish Christianity differed from the churches consisting mainly of Christians from the Gentiles. / Cristian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (New Testament)

Orientador: Patricia Prata / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:28:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_Michel_M.pdf: 1980432 bytes, checksum: 7dae04659b4468d1ee392cb54bb5d947 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar algumas considerações acerca da música na Roma Antiga, a partir de excertos de obras de autores latinos dos séculos II a.C. a II d.C. (como Plauto, César, Cícero, Quintiliano, Sêneca, Vitrúvio, entre outros). Embora não tratem especificamente do tema, os textos selecionados deixam transparecer certas impressões dos romanos a respeito da música e podem ajudar a montar pelo menos parte do cotidiano musical dessa civilização. A partir dos excertos, discutimos o funcionamento e a utilização dos instrumentos musicais na guerra, na mitologia e nas práticas religiosas, bem como tecemos breves comentários sobre a tradução proposta modernamente para os nomes desses instrumentos. Por fim, analisamos a presença da música no teatro de Plauto, através do estudo de excertos das peças do autor que mostram os músicos em ação ou que expressam a opinião das personagens acerca deles e de breves apontamentos sobre questões referentes à musicalidade das falas das personagens / Abstract: This work presents some considerations about music in Ancient Rome, drawing upon excerpts of works by various Roman authors from the second century B.C. to the second century A.D. (such as Cicero, Quintilian, Julius Caesar, Seneca, Vitruvius, and Plautus, among others), who, although not always specifically treating music, reveal in their writing distinctive impressions about music held by Romans, and which, in turn, can help us in the attempt to reconstruct at least part of everyday musical practices of this civilization. From the excerpts, it is possible to identify the operational features of the musical instruments found in war, mythology and worship, and, consequently, to comment briefly on the modern translations put forward for designating these instruments. Lastly, we analyze the presence of music in the dramaturgy of Plautus, through excerpts from his plays which reveal musicians in action, or which express the characters' opinions about them, thereby revealing some interesting questions about musicality in the words of his characters / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T14:20:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Carlos da Silva Teixeira - 2015.pdf: 5570395 bytes, checksum: 56c1a16748accf85c9390695464810aa (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T14:22:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Carlos da Silva Teixeira - 2015.pdf: 5570395 bytes, checksum: 56c1a16748accf85c9390695464810aa (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-22T14:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Carlos da Silva Teixeira - 2015.pdf: 5570395 bytes, checksum: 56c1a16748accf85c9390695464810aa (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper presents a proposal for relationship studies between mathematics and music, a relationship that has been established since the dawn of humanity, and could be seen more clearly from the studies developed by Pythagoras. We approach the evolution of music in the historical context and introduce the basics of music theory, essential to establishing relationships with mathematics. Our e orts were focused on instruments with strings, by which present a relationship between a musical scale, called Chromatic and geometric progressions; also we present a relationship between musical intervals and right triangles. We present a mathematical relationship between music and colors, through their respective frequencies of sound and light. Also we address the present mathematics in the construction of some instruments with strings, via Golden Proportion, and nished the work presented some proposals for activities that can be worked in the classroom, aimed at high school students. / Este trabalho traz uma proposta de estudos da relação existente entre a Matemática e a Música, relação esta que foi estabelecida desde os primórdios da humanidade, e pôde ser observada de forma mais clara a partir dos estudos desenvolvidos por Pitágoras. Abordamos a evolução da Música no contexto histórico e introduzimos as noções básicas de teoria musical, essencial ao estabelecimento de relações com a Matemática. Nossos esforços foram focados nos instrumentos com cordas, pelos quais apresentamos uma relação entre uma escala musical, denominada Cromática, e as progressões geométricas; também apresentamos uma relação entre intervalos musicais e os triângulos retângulos. Apresentamos uma relação matemática entre a Música e as cores, por meio de suas respectivas frequências de som e luz. Também abordamos a matemática presente na construção de alguns instrumentos com cordas, via Proporção Áurea, e nalizamos o trabalho apresentando algumas propostas de atividades que podem ser trabalhadas em sala de aula, voltadas para alunos do Ensino Médio.

Master's thesis addresses the implementation of didactic tool to musical movement activities of preschool children in kindergarten with respect to the integrative nature of education. The first part of the thesis is covering theoretical side of the important aspects of child development at the age of five to six years. Further it deals with the specifics of the development of musicality in preschoolers, especially focusing on instrumental side of the music. It highlights the musical creativity that flows from the principles of Orff School. Musical creativity is one of the objective of the thesis second, practical part. Here thesis research music educational project whose main component is a methodical set Cup Song that contains suggestions for practical usage. Experiment, observation and structured interview are used as methods of research that is focused on verification of the Cup Song impact on a musical and personal development of the child. KEYWORDS Music, musical abilities, preschool age child, musical instruments, integration, project, Cup Song, instrumental activity, creativity, rhythm, song, experience, Orff School.

Cette thèse traite de la manière dont le musicien contrôle les régimes d'oscillation d'un instrument de la famille des cuivres. L'’association d’'un instrument et d'un musicien forme un système dynamique complexe. Le couplage non linéaire entre les lèvres et la colonne d’'air peut mener à un régime stationnaire, des auto-oscillations périodiques ou quasi-périodiques. De nombreux paramètres de contrôle permettent à un musicien de choisir le régime d’oscillation.Deux approches sont utilisées pour comprendre l’'émergence des régimes de l’'instrument et leur contrôle par le musicien. D'’une part, on étudie un modèle physique de cuivre, consistant en une valve à 1 degré de liberté couplée non linéairement à une expression modale de l’'impédance d’'entrée de l’'instrument. Les caractéristiques des régimes de ce modèle sont étudiés par analyse de stabilité linéaire, simulation numérique et équilibrage harmonique. L’'objectif est d'’estimer la capacité de ce modèle à reproduire le comportement de l’'instrument. Un outil expérimental est également développé pour mesurer simultanément des paramètres de contrôle employés par les musiciens et des variables de jeu.Les résultats améliorent la compréhension des régimes d’oscillation des cuivres. Les mesures expérimentales donnent les plages de variation des paramètres de jeu. Les résultats des méthodes d'’analyse se complètent, donnant une vision globale de l’'apparition des régimes oscillants du modèle et des informations détaillées sur certains points de fonctionnement. Certaines situations de jeu particulières sont étudiées: note pédale du trombone, ’influence de l’'utilisation d’'une sourdine et nature des sons multiphoniques. / This thesis focuses on how a musician controls and chooses the oscillation regimes of brass instruments.The association of an instrument and a musician is a complex dynamical system. The nonlinear coupling between the lips and the resonator can lead to a stationary regime, periodic or quasi-periodic self-sustained oscillations. Through several control parameters, a musician can select the desired regime.Two approaches are developed to understand the emergence of the instrument oscillation regimes and how a musician controls it. A physical model of brass instrument is studied. It consists in a one-degree-of-freedom lip valve nonlinearly coupled to a modal fit of the input impedance of the instrument. The features of several oscillation regimes of this model are studied through linear stability analysis, numerical simulation and harmonic balance. Goals are the assessment of the ability of this model to reproduce the behavior of the modelled instrument. An experimental setup is also developed to measure simultaneously playing parameters used by a musician and instrument variables.Results provide a better understanding of the behavior of brass instrument oscillation regimes. Measurements provide ranges of the control parameters. Results of the analysis methods of the model are complementary. A global vision of the occurrence of certain oscillation regimes is provided, along with more detailed information for some operating points. Some specific playing situations are examined in detail, such as the trombone pedal note, the influence of a passive or active mute on the latter, and the nature of multiphonic sounds.