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The lived musical experiences of individuals living with Williams syndrome : an interpretative phenomenological analysis / Ewie ErasmusErasmus, Ewie January 2014 (has links)
This study was inspired by my experiences with a Williams syndrome child, which
drew my attention to the meaningful experiences that children with Williams
syndrome might have with music. The problem of the study can be defined in terms
of five aspects. Firstly, individuals diagnosed with Williams syndrome suffer
medically, socially and cognitively (Levitin & Bellugi, 1998:358-359) and music
seems to be an aspect of their lives that could make things easier for them.
Secondly, those suffering from Williams syndrome seemingly struggle to adapt to
their social surroundings (Bellugi et al., 1994:5). The third aspect that defines the
problem is that families of individuals with Williams syndrome in South Africa do not
have sufficient access to educational facilities that are equipped to work with their
children. This forces them to home school their children without the ability to
educate them optimally. Fourthly, the research problem also stems from the lack of
awareness about the lived musical experiences of individuals living Williams
syndrome. It becomes clear that heightening awareness of the lived musical
experiences of Williams syndrome individuals has not been addressed in research.
Lastly, researchers have yet to undertake in-depth qualitative studies on the
meaning of musical experience for the learning experiences of those suffering from
Williams syndrome.
The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to understand
the lived musical experiences of individuals living with Williams syndrome in
Southern Africa1. Williams syndrome is defined as a rare genetic disorder which
presents when around 20 genes are deleted on chromosome 7 at conception
(Bellugi et al., 2007:98).
This study follows an IPA approach and aims to gain insight into how participants
understand their lived musical experiences. The theoretical foundations for IPA are
based on “three key areas of philosophical knowledge, namely phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography” (Smith et al., 2009: 11). For this study data were collected by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with three purposefully selected participants. The interview transcriptions were then analysed separately using ATLAS.ti 7 computer software. After each interview transcript was analysed individually, superordinate themes emerged from a cross-case analysis.
The results of the study revealed four superordinate themes regarding the musical experiences of the three Williams syndrome participants: a passion for performing, fostering friendships, lightens the load and dependent on music. The study found that music contributes to the overall well-being of the three participants in a way that allows them to feel accepted by others and to escape the label of being diagnosed Williams syndrome. / MMus (Musicology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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The lived musical experiences of individuals living with Williams syndrome : an interpretative phenomenological analysis / Ewie ErasmusErasmus, Ewie January 2014 (has links)
This study was inspired by my experiences with a Williams syndrome child, which
drew my attention to the meaningful experiences that children with Williams
syndrome might have with music. The problem of the study can be defined in terms
of five aspects. Firstly, individuals diagnosed with Williams syndrome suffer
medically, socially and cognitively (Levitin & Bellugi, 1998:358-359) and music
seems to be an aspect of their lives that could make things easier for them.
Secondly, those suffering from Williams syndrome seemingly struggle to adapt to
their social surroundings (Bellugi et al., 1994:5). The third aspect that defines the
problem is that families of individuals with Williams syndrome in South Africa do not
have sufficient access to educational facilities that are equipped to work with their
children. This forces them to home school their children without the ability to
educate them optimally. Fourthly, the research problem also stems from the lack of
awareness about the lived musical experiences of individuals living Williams
syndrome. It becomes clear that heightening awareness of the lived musical
experiences of Williams syndrome individuals has not been addressed in research.
Lastly, researchers have yet to undertake in-depth qualitative studies on the
meaning of musical experience for the learning experiences of those suffering from
Williams syndrome.
The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to understand
the lived musical experiences of individuals living with Williams syndrome in
Southern Africa1. Williams syndrome is defined as a rare genetic disorder which
presents when around 20 genes are deleted on chromosome 7 at conception
(Bellugi et al., 2007:98).
This study follows an IPA approach and aims to gain insight into how participants
understand their lived musical experiences. The theoretical foundations for IPA are
based on “three key areas of philosophical knowledge, namely phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography” (Smith et al., 2009: 11). For this study data were collected by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with three purposefully selected participants. The interview transcriptions were then analysed separately using ATLAS.ti 7 computer software. After each interview transcript was analysed individually, superordinate themes emerged from a cross-case analysis.
The results of the study revealed four superordinate themes regarding the musical experiences of the three Williams syndrome participants: a passion for performing, fostering friendships, lightens the load and dependent on music. The study found that music contributes to the overall well-being of the three participants in a way that allows them to feel accepted by others and to escape the label of being diagnosed Williams syndrome. / MMus (Musicology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Creativity-Based Music Learning: Modeling the Process and Learning Outcomes in a Massive Open Online CourseStefanic, Nicholas Michael 02 May 2014 (has links)
While developing creativity is an important goal of many educational endeavors, creating music, from a music education perspective, is a powerful pedagogical tool. Beyond comparing the relative creativity of individuals' musical creative products (e.g., melodies, songs, lyrics, beats, etc.), research in musical creativity must consider how engaging in the creative process can be an effective teaching tool, what I have termed creativity-based music learning. If music teachers are to develop students' abilities “to experience music as meaningful, informed by sensitive discernments and broad understandings, in each particular musical role engagement in which one becomes involved” (Reimer, 2003, p.214), then we must gain a better understanding of how different aspects of the person and context interact during the creative process.
Based on the available literature, Webster (1987a, 2002) conceived the Model of Creative Thinking in Music as a conceptual model for understanding the importance of various components that are at work in the musical creative process. Since, generally speaking, learning results from thinking of some sort, Webster's model represents a reasonable starting point from which to examine how musical creative thinking leads to musical learning. There is much research in music education and the general creativity literature that has investigated how these various component parts (e.g., music aptitude, personality, motivation, previous experience, context) relate to creativity, but there has yet to be any substantive attempt to understand how all of these various elements simultaneously interrelate during a given musical creative process. More importantly, there is limited research on how creativity-based music learning contributes to important learning outcomes such as students' perceptions of learning from the process, students' self-evaluations of creative products (e.g., songs they have written), the development of conceptual understandings, and the development of musical creative self-efficacy.
The initial primary purpose of this study was to develop and identify a statistical model that best represents the nature of the various interrelationships of components of the musical creative process, as identified in Webster's (2002) model, and as they relate to learning outcomes. Understanding how all of these components relate and ultimately impact various learning outcomes has important implications for how we educate our music students.
Data were collected from students taking a Massive Open Online Course entitled “What is Music?: Finding Your Song,” which was designed, developed, and taught by the researcher, and offered in January 2014 through the Canvas Network. In the course, the question “what is music?” was approached from several perspectives, including Music as Human Activity, Music as Emotion, Music as Physics, and Music as Form. While learning about each perspective, students were encouraged to engage with and complete various musical creative projects (e.g., creating a representative playlist, writing lyrics, writing a melody, writing a song). Such an educational context in which creativity is used as a pedagogical tool provided an opportunity for studying the educational outcomes of such an approach. Embedded within the course were measures of several predictors of learning (based on Webster's model), including past experience in music, personality, music aptitude, contextual support, musical creative self-efficacy, motivation, and situational engagement.
Initial analysis plans included the use of structural equation modeling to (1) compare and contrast the statistical fit of competing models; and (2) examine how each of these constructs not only relate to each other, but also how they each contribute (uniquely and in combination) to various learning outcomes, including perceptions of learning, self-evaluations of creative products, and musical creative self-efficacy. However, a sufficient number of students did not engage in and complete the creative projects, nor did a sufficient number of students complete all of the research items, in order to examine the full structural model. When it became apparent that sufficient data would not be available, the study was re-envisioned to examine questions about why students chose to participate or not participate in the creative music-making projects.
Data were collected from 281 students, and although missing data was quite extreme for variables measured late in the course (e.g., motivation), large amounts of data were available regarding students' past experience in music, their expectations regarding participation as MOOC learners, and demographic information (e.g., age, gender, education, language, geographic region). The available data were used in an exploratory manner to derive a model for predicting creative project participation in the course.
The sole important predictor of project participation was whether students identified themselves as an "active participant" at the beginning of the course, although this variable explained only a small amount of variability in project participation. Follow-up analyses for group differences in Active Participant (individuals who identified themselves as "active participants" versus all other Types of Learners) found that “active participants” had significantly higher levels of Musical Creative Self-Efficacy, greater perceptions of the learning context as challenge-supportive, and higher scores on the Openness personality factor. Notably, students' Past Experience in Music appeared to be unrelated to both whether they intended to participate in the creative music-making projects and whether they actually participated in the projects.
In addition to the primary MOOC study, the development and initial validation procedures and results for two new research instruments utilized in the MOOC study, the Past Experience in Music Inventory (PEMI) and the Musical Creative Self-Efficacy Scale (MCSES), are described in detail. The latent class measurement model utilized for measuring Past Experience in Music is a unique and potentially valuable approach for measuring this important variable in music research of all kinds.
Finally, an exploratory analysis of all zero-order rank-order intercorrelations of all non-nominal variables indicated some initial support for the General Specified Model of Creativity-Based Learning. It was not possible to take the next step with the model: to prune it, alter it, or reject it altogether, but when viewed as a very large-scale pilot study, this study did provide enough evidence to warrant investing the considerable amount of resources necessary to take that next step.
Implications for creativity-based music learning and the significance of MOOCs and MOOC research are discussed. In particular, music MOOCs represent an opportunity to fill in some much needed space for lifelong learning. However, if we are to promote lifelong musical engagement, then the pedagogy within a MOOC should also promote engagement. As such, questions and further research regarding such engagement, especially within a creativity-based learning framework, are central to better understanding how to promote and facilitate lifelong musical engagement and musical learning.
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Simbolismo e crítica: a experiência musical e suas interpretações / Symbolism and criticism: the musical experience and its interpretationsAzevedo Júnior, Ivânio Lopes de January 2015 (has links)
AZEVEDO JUNIOR, Ivanildo Lopes de. Simbolismo e crítica: a experiência musical e suas interpretações. 2015. 134f. – Tese (Doutorado) Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-17T17:11:55Z
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Previous issue date: 2015 / The thesis consists of the construction and analysis of a debate about the notion of musical experience. Are regimented theses and arguments in order to present and discuss the development of two possible interpretations, about the experience with music. The first called symbolic-transcendental. In light of the philosophy of Ernst Cassirer and Susanne Langer, which employs such an idealistic reading of the musical experience while understanding the music as a logical expression of the universal forms of human feelings. In the second interpretation, built in the material scope of a critical theory of society, especially in the version embodied in the philosophy of Theodor Adorno, the listening experience is fundamentally understood as a social phenomenon. The Adornian Critical Theory seeks to show that music is, among other things, a possible way of presenting the social determinations. After presenting the basic aspects of the two interpretations, their similarities and differences will be confronted in order to be a debate about the musical experience. / A tese consiste na construção e análise de um debate acerca da noção de experiência musical. São arregimentados teses e argumentos no intuito de apresentar e discutir a elaboração de duas interpretações possíveis sobre a experiência com a música. A primeira delas chamamos de simbólico-transcendental. À luz das filosofias de Ernst Cassirer e Susanne Langer, tal interpretação desenvolve uma leitura idealista da experiência musical enquanto compreende a música como expressão lógica das formas universais dos sentimentos humanos. Na segunda interpretação, construída no escopo materialista de uma Teoria Crítica da sociedade, especialmente na versão encarnada na filosofia de Theodor Adorno, a experiência musical é entendida fundamentalmente enquanto fenômeno social. A crítica adorniana procura mostrar que a música é, dentre outras coisas, um modo possível de apresentação das determinações sociais. Após a apresentação dos aspectos básicos das duas interpretações, suas semelhanças e divergências serão confrontadas, de modo a constituir um debate sobre a experiência musical.
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Padrão perceptivo-motor em tarefas psicoacústicas de estruturação rítmica: efeitos da experiência musical / Perceptual-motor pattern in psychoacoustic tasks of rhythmic structuring: effects of musical experiencePaiva, Ana Clara de Souza [UNESP] 10 March 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Diferentes experiências rítmicas podem influenciar funções psicoacústicas durante a reprodução de estruturas rítmicas. A periodicidade do pulso é um elemento básico, presente no ritmo musical, unido ao agrupamento de eventos sucessivos e que é essencial à compreensão e interpretação de estruturas de sequências sonoras. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da experiência musical no campo da dança e da música no padrão perceptivo-motor de reprodução de estruturas rítmicas monotônicas e musicais organizadas em tarefas com crescente complexidade. Foram selecionados previamente 60 adultos jovens para compor três grupos: 1) grupo com experiência com ritmo constituído por músicos (MU; n = 20); 2) grupo com experiência com ritmo constituído de dançarinos (DA; n = 20); e 3) grupo sem experiência profissional com música e dança (SE; n = 20). Os três grupos realizaram dois testes psicoacústicos rítmicos: o primeiro, um teste de percepção e reprodução de estruturas rítmicas monotônicas que consistia em ouvir a um estímulo rítmico e reproduzi-lo imediatamente, e o segundo, um teste de percepção e reprodução de estruturas rítmicas musicais, em que a sequência rítmica apresentada é reproduzida simultaneamente à escuta. As variáveis analisadas incluíram frequência de acertos (FA) para ambos os testes, regularidade temporal (RT) do tempo de início da resposta (s), duração (s) dos pulsos e pausas de cada estrutura rítmica para o teste monotônico. E no teste musical a variável sincronismo (SINC) foi verificada pela diferença relativa (%) entre a estrutura temporal do teste e a estrutura temporal da resposta. Os valores SINC foram subdivididos em desvio temporal do pulso e desvio temporal da pausa (componentes psicoacústicos rítmicos). Os resultados encontrados foram divididos em: Etapa 1 - Efeitos da experiência musical e da natureza de testes rítmicos monotônicos e musicais na percepção rítmica, Etapa 2 - Efeitos da memória na regularidade temporal da resposta rítmica, e Etapa 3 - Padrão perceptivo-motor de sincronização rítmica. Os resultados encontrados na Etapa 1 mostraram diferenças entre os grupos com e sem experiência musical. O grupo de MU teve FA acima de 90% nos dois testes. A reprodução do teste musical refletiu o desempenho superior pelos grupos SE e MU comparados ao desempenho no teste monotônico. Em ambos os testes encontramos efeito de complexidade da tarefa apenas para estruturas terminais da sequência, porém com particularidades na variabilidade para cada grupo. Em relação à regularidade temporal do teste monotônico apenas pausas foram variáveis associadas com diferenças entre grupos e complexidade da tarefa. O SINC mostrou que variabilidade da pausa é o parâmetro indicativo de diferenças entre grupo, confirmando o desempenho superior dos grupos com experiência com música. Concluímos que a experiência musical dos participantes teve efeito sobre o padrão perceptivo-motor durante o processamento da informação psicoacústica de estruturas rítmicas com testes monotônicos e musicais, particularmente em parâmetros de variabilidade. A complexidade dos padrões rítmicos parece ter impacto de dificuldade apenas em estruturas terminais em ambos os testes. / Different rhythmic experiences can influence psychoacoustic functions during the reproduction of rhythmic structures. The frequency of the pulse is a basic element in the musical rhythm and the grouping of successive events are essential to the understanding and interpretation of sound sequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of musical experience in the field of dance and music on perceptive-motor pattern of monotonic rhythm and musical rhythm with structures organized into tasks with increasing complexity. Sixty young adults were selected to comprise three groups: 1) group with experience with rhythm consisting of musicians (MU; n = 20); 2) group with experience with rhythm consisting of dancers (DA; n = 20); and 3) group without experience with music or dance (SE; n = 20). The three groups performed two tests: the first test of perception and reproduction of monotonic rhythmic structures that were responded immediately after their presentation; the second test required perception and synchronization of tapping to musical rhythmic structures. The variables we examined included frequency of correct performance (FA) in both tests, temporal regularity (RT) of initiation of the response, duration of pulses and pauses of each rhythmic structure for monotonic test. In the musical test timing (SINC) was verified using the relative difference (%) between the temporal structure of the test and the temporal structure of the response. The values SINC were subdivided into temporal deviation of pulse and pause (psychoacoustic rhythmic components). The results were divided in: 1- Effects of musical experience and nature of monotonic rhythm and musical rhythm tests on rhythm perception, 2 - Memory effects on temporal rhythmic regularity, and 3 - Perceptual-motor pattern of rhythm synchronization. The results showed differences between the groups with and without musical experience. The MU group showed a 90% FA in both tests. Performance in the music test reflected superior performance by groups with musical experience compared to performance in the monotonic test. In both tests effect of task complexity was found only in the terminal sequence structures, but with distinctive variability for each group. In relation to temporal regularity of the monotone test, pauses were the variables associated with deterioration of performance in relation to complexity of the task. The SINC has shown that variability of pause is the parameter that detected differences between groups, confirming the superior performance of groups with experience with music. We conclude that experience with music had an effect on the perceptual-motor pattern during the processing of structures with monotonic and musical psychoacoustic rhythms, particularly of parameters of variability. The complexity of rhythmic patterns seems to appear in terminal structures in both tests.
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Simbolismo e crÃtica: a experiÃncia musical e suas interpretaÃÃes / Symbolism and criticism: the musical experience and its interpretationsIvÃnio Lopes de Azevedo JÃnior 04 December 2015 (has links)
nÃo hà / A tese consiste na construÃÃo e anÃlise de um debate acerca da noÃÃo de experiÃncia musical. SÃo arregimentados teses e argumentos no intuito de apresentar e discutir a elaboraÃÃo de duas interpretaÃÃes possÃveis sobre a experiÃncia com a mÃsica. A primeira delas chamamos de simbÃlico-transcendental. à luz das filosofias de Ernst Cassirer e Susanne Langer, tal interpretaÃÃo desenvolve uma leitura idealista da experiÃncia musical enquanto compreende a mÃsica como expressÃo lÃgica das formas universais dos sentimentos humanos. Na segunda interpretaÃÃo, construÃda no escopo materialista de uma Teoria CrÃtica da sociedade, especialmente na versÃo encarnada na filosofia de Theodor Adorno, a experiÃncia musical à entendida fundamentalmente enquanto fenÃmeno social. A crÃtica adorniana procura mostrar que a mÃsica Ã, dentre outras coisas, um modo possÃvel de apresentaÃÃo das determinaÃÃes sociais. ApÃs a apresentaÃÃo dos aspectos bÃsicos das duas interpretaÃÃes, suas semelhanÃas e divergÃncias serÃo confrontadas, de modo a constituir um debate sobre a experiÃncia musical. / The thesis consists of the construction and analysis of a debate about the notion of musical experience. Are regimented theses and arguments in order to present and discuss the development of two possible interpretations, about the experience with music. The first called symbolic-transcendental. In light of the philosophy of Ernst Cassirer and Susanne Langer, which employs such an idealistic reading of the musical experience while understanding the music as a logical expression of the universal forms of human feelings. In the second interpretation, built in the material scope of a critical theory of society, especially in the version embodied in the philosophy of Theodor Adorno, the listening experience is fundamentally understood as a social phenomenon. The Adornian Critical Theory seeks to show that music is, among other things, a possible way of presenting the social determinations. After presenting the basic aspects of the two interpretations, their similarities and differences will be confronted in order to be a debate about the musical experience.
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A experiência da formação musical dos estudantes do curso de Música da UFC – Cariri através da Canção Popular Brasileira / The experience of musical education of students of the Music of the UFC - Cariri through popular songREIS, Cláudio Mappa January 2013 (has links)
REIS, Cláudio Mappa. A experiência da formação musical dos estudantes do curso de Música da UFC – Cariri através da Canção Popular Brasileira. 2013. 84f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-03T16:56:26Z
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Previous issue date: 2013 / O presente estudo apresenta dois pólos principais: de um lado a canção popular brasileira e de outro a experiência musical dos alunos do Curso de Música da Universidade Federal do Ceará no Campus do Cariri. O foco de investigação consiste em como e de que formas a canção popular brasileira tem influenciado a formação musical deste grupo específico de pessoas, alcançando-as inevitavelmente por meio dos efeitos da pós-modernidade nas comunicações e difusões culturais, e ainda sofrendo os impactos da aura, por vezes refratária e por vezes receptiva de seu contexto cultural. A canção popular brasileira vem se apresentando como um grande produto cultural no Brasil. Como ela contribui para a estruturação de um habitus musical dos alunos supracitados? E, como este habitus, partindo das vivências no meio sócio cultural, se modifica com o acesso ao currículo formal proposto pelo Curso de Música? O currículo formal e o informal em encontro foram observados pelo viés da canção. Para tanto, foi empreendido um estudo de caso único, utilizando como principais referências o trabalho de Luiz Tatit para canção popular brasileira e a praxiologia de Pierre Bourdieu para a análise social.
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The experience of musical education of students of the Music of the UFC - Cariri through popular song / A experiÃncia de formaÃÃo musical dos estudantes do Curso de MÃsica da UFC - Cariri atravÃs da canÃÃo popular brasileiraClÃudio Mappa Reis 24 July 2013 (has links)
nÃo hà / O presente estudo apresenta dois pÃlos principais: de um lado a canÃÃo popular brasileira e de outro a experiÃncia musical dos alunos do Curso de MÃsica da Universidade Federal do Cearà no Campus do Cariri. O foco de investigaÃÃo consiste em como e de que formas a canÃÃo popular brasileira tem influenciado a formaÃÃo musical deste grupo especÃfico de pessoas, alcanÃando-as inevitavelmente por meio dos efeitos da pÃs-modernidade nas comunicaÃÃes e difusÃes culturais, e ainda sofrendo os impactos da aura, por vezes refratÃria e por vezes receptiva de seu contexto cultural. A canÃÃo popular brasileira vem se apresentando como um grande produto cultural no Brasil. Como ela contribui para a estruturaÃÃo de um habitus musical dos alunos supracitados? E, como este habitus, partindo das vivÃncias no meio sÃcio cultural, se modifica com o acesso ao currÃculo formal proposto pelo Curso de MÃsica? O currÃculo formal e o informal em encontro foram observados pelo viÃs da canÃÃo. Para tanto, foi empreendido um estudo de caso Ãnico, utilizando como principais referÃncias o trabalho de Luiz Tatit para canÃÃo popular brasileira e a praxiologia de Pierre Bourdieu para a anÃlise social.
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Musical Spirituality: The Transformative Power of Popular MusicWalker, Seth 01 January 2007 (has links)
Although music is commonly considered to be a form of entertainment by musicians, fans, and scholars, its religio-spiritual dimension goes widely unrecognized. However, throughout history many cultures and thinkers have emphasized the importance of music in matters of ritual and worship. The intimate association of religion and music in these ancient cultures has led contemporary scholars to rethink the relationship between popular music and religion in terms of its spiritually transformative aspects. This thesis explores some of the more prominent views of the past regarding this religiospiritual dimension, and presents certain contemporary scholarly analyses, along with those of musicians and funs, in order to show the relevance these worldviews have today. Accordingly, this thesis emphasizes the spiritually transformative power of popular music and demonstrates that the element of entertainment is but one of many inherent within the musical experience.
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Musikdidaktische Reflexionen: Was heißt musikalische Bildung durch Inszenierung ästhetischer Erfahrungsräume?Rolle, Christian 06 June 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Der Beitrag beschreibt (Videoaufzeichnungen von) drei Musikstunden aus der Perspektive ästhetischer Bildung. Interaktion, Argumentation und Partizipation sind die zentralen Konzepte der Untersuchung. Das Fazit lautet: Musikalische Praxis ist dann relevant für Bildung, wenn ästhetische Erfahrungen ermöglicht und gefördert werden. / The article describes (video recordings of) three music lessons from an aesthetic education perspective. Interaction, argumentation, and participation are essential concepts of the examination. The conclusion: Musical praxis is relevant for Bildung if and when it facilitates aesthetic experience.
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