Sport by skole is n verlengstuk tot die opvoeding van die kind, en in die meeste goed funksionerende openbare skole vind sportafrigting wel plaas. Sekere kommerwekkende gebeure rakende die onderwysers se regsaanspreeklikheid tydens die afrigting van sport het hierdie studie genoodsaak. Die klem van hierdie studie fokus op die sekuriteit en veiligheid van nopvoeder, veral tydens die afrigting van sport. In die studie is daar na opvoeders verwys in hulle rolle as sportafrigters, wedstrydbeamptes en administrateurs by skole. Hierdie navorsing val binne die vakgebied Onderwysreg en die opvoeders se sekuriteit en veiligheid word onder andere vanuit n gemeenregtelike perspektief bespreek. Om die studie geldig te maak, is al die rolspelers wat by sportafrigting by die skole betrokke is, by die studie ingesluit. Die Grondwet, onderwyswetgewing, beroepsveiligheid en –gesondheidswetgewing, tersaaklike regspraak en die gemene reg is as regsdeterminante ontleed. Daar is veral in die bespreking van die gemene reg gefokus op deliktuele aanspreeklikheid as regsdeterminant. In die studie is n kwalitatiewe ondersoek na opvoeders se persepsies gedoen. Daar is gefokus op deelnemers in die onderwys in n spesifieke geografiese area is, en die hele spektrum van rolspelers is betrek. Een prominente bevinding van die studie is dat opvoeders gretig is om meer inligting oor die regsaspekte rakende sportafrigting te bekom. Dit is vir die meeste deelnemers n onbekende veld en hulle is van mening dat indien hulle meer ingelig is, dit n groot bydrae sal lewer tot hulle eie veiligheid en sekuriteit, sowel as dié van leerders. Die sentrale tema van die studie is die sekuriteit en veiligheid van die opvoeders. Die deelnemers is daarvan oortuig dat daar in die opleiding van afrigters groter klem geplaas moet word op die uitbou van regskennis. Opvoeders het n passie vir die afrigting van sport en die klem is op die ontwikkeling van die leerder. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The concept duty of care is defined as heedful, careful guarding, supervision of a minor, and/or overseeing. An obligation rests on teachers to scrupulously see to the safety (and also the well-being) of all learners entrusted to them. Hence teachers are responsible for the physical safety of learners and for creating a safe haven for them. The Civil Technology workshop teacher has an increased caring duty towards his learners due to the potential life-threatening circumstances and conditions that can prevail in his workshop compared to, for instance, the ordinary classroom environment. Furthermore, a specific legal duty rests on a person when he is placed in control of dangerous objects or machinery, seeing that he has to see to it that he ensures the safety of others through positive action. Internationally, the circular saw is statistically speaking seen to be the most dangerous woodwork machine in the Civil Technology workshop. Circular saws are responsible for more accidents than any other machine, and the most claims for damages against teachers and school managements also arise from it. Due to the underlying dangers inherent to circular saws and the presence thereof in Civil Technology workshops, it increases the risks attached to the caring supervision duty of the Civil Technology teacher to a great extent. Civil Technology workshop teachers are therefore confronted by unique challenges in their workshops. Hence it is essential that they be equipped with sufficient knowledge pertaining to educational law so as to make head against these challenges. Civil Technology workshop teachers should therefore not only be aware of all common law principles, relevant legislation and case law as applicable to workshops, but also be able to apply it in practice in the workshop environment. This practical application furthermore requires workshop teachers to be knowledgeable to be able to maintain workshop machinery in a safe working condition through regular upkeep and maintenance. An empirical investigation (n=38) was launched, based on a questionnaire filled in by all Civil Technology teachers and their heads of department North West where Civil Technology is presented as a choice subject at high schools. The aim of the empirical investigation was to determine: * what the level of Civil Technology workshop teachers‘ expertise and knowledge is regarding legal key issues concerning their caring supervising duty, and * to what extent effective safety management of woodwork machinery in Civil Technology workshops is applied. The empirical investigation found, amongst others, that: * The respondents do not have sufficient knowledge of the principles pertaining to educational law to apply it in the Civil Technology workshops of the study population practically. * Civil Technology workshop teachers and heads of department should have a high degree of expertise with a view to execute their duty of care. Poor educational law training can possibly be proffered as reason why their level of expertise cannot be seen to be sufficient in a case where an increased level of duty of car is required in potentially dangerous workshops. Following on above-mentioned findings, specific recommendations were made to all role-players involved that are involved in learner safety in Civil Technology workshops. These recommendations may possibly contribute to increased and more effective caring supervision in promoting learner safety. / Thesis (MEd (Education Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Sport by skole is n verlengstuk tot die opvoeding van die kind, en in die meeste goed funksionerende openbare skole vind sportafrigting wel plaas. Sekere kommerwekkende gebeure rakende die onderwysers se regsaanspreeklikheid tydens die afrigting van sport het hierdie studie genoodsaak. Die klem van hierdie studie fokus op die sekuriteit en veiligheid van nopvoeder, veral tydens die afrigting van sport. In die studie is daar na opvoeders verwys in hulle rolle as sportafrigters, wedstrydbeamptes en administrateurs by skole. Hierdie navorsing val binne die vakgebied Onderwysreg en die opvoeders se sekuriteit en veiligheid word onder andere vanuit n gemeenregtelike perspektief bespreek. Om die studie geldig te maak, is al die rolspelers wat by sportafrigting by die skole betrokke is, by die studie ingesluit. Die Grondwet, onderwyswetgewing, beroepsveiligheid en –gesondheidswetgewing, tersaaklike regspraak en die gemene reg is as regsdeterminante ontleed. Daar is veral in die bespreking van die gemene reg gefokus op deliktuele aanspreeklikheid as regsdeterminant. In die studie is n kwalitatiewe ondersoek na opvoeders se persepsies gedoen. Daar is gefokus op deelnemers in die onderwys in n spesifieke geografiese area is, en die hele spektrum van rolspelers is betrek. Een prominente bevinding van die studie is dat opvoeders gretig is om meer inligting oor die regsaspekte rakende sportafrigting te bekom. Dit is vir die meeste deelnemers n onbekende veld en hulle is van mening dat indien hulle meer ingelig is, dit n groot bydrae sal lewer tot hulle eie veiligheid en sekuriteit, sowel as dié van leerders. Die sentrale tema van die studie is die sekuriteit en veiligheid van die opvoeders. Die deelnemers is daarvan oortuig dat daar in die opleiding van afrigters groter klem geplaas moet word op die uitbou van regskennis. Opvoeders het n passie vir die afrigting van sport en die klem is op die ontwikkeling van die leerder. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The concept duty of care is defined as heedful, careful guarding, supervision of a minor, and/or overseeing. An obligation rests on teachers to scrupulously see to the safety (and also the well-being) of all learners entrusted to them. Hence teachers are responsible for the physical safety of learners and for creating a safe haven for them. The Civil Technology workshop teacher has an increased caring duty towards his learners due to the potential life-threatening circumstances and conditions that can prevail in his workshop compared to, for instance, the ordinary classroom environment. Furthermore, a specific legal duty rests on a person when he is placed in control of dangerous objects or machinery, seeing that he has to see to it that he ensures the safety of others through positive action. Internationally, the circular saw is statistically speaking seen to be the most dangerous woodwork machine in the Civil Technology workshop. Circular saws are responsible for more accidents than any other machine, and the most claims for damages against teachers and school managements also arise from it. Due to the underlying dangers inherent to circular saws and the presence thereof in Civil Technology workshops, it increases the risks attached to the caring supervision duty of the Civil Technology teacher to a great extent. Civil Technology workshop teachers are therefore confronted by unique challenges in their workshops. Hence it is essential that they be equipped with sufficient knowledge pertaining to educational law so as to make head against these challenges. Civil Technology workshop teachers should therefore not only be aware of all common law principles, relevant legislation and case law as applicable to workshops, but also be able to apply it in practice in the workshop environment. This practical application furthermore requires workshop teachers to be knowledgeable to be able to maintain workshop machinery in a safe working condition through regular upkeep and maintenance. An empirical investigation (n=38) was launched, based on a questionnaire filled in by all Civil Technology teachers and their heads of department North West where Civil Technology is presented as a choice subject at high schools. The aim of the empirical investigation was to determine: * what the level of Civil Technology workshop teachers‘ expertise and knowledge is regarding legal key issues concerning their caring supervising duty, and * to what extent effective safety management of woodwork machinery in Civil Technology workshops is applied. The empirical investigation found, amongst others, that: * The respondents do not have sufficient knowledge of the principles pertaining to educational law to apply it in the Civil Technology workshops of the study population practically. * Civil Technology workshop teachers and heads of department should have a high degree of expertise with a view to execute their duty of care. Poor educational law training can possibly be proffered as reason why their level of expertise cannot be seen to be sufficient in a case where an increased level of duty of car is required in potentially dangerous workshops. Following on above-mentioned findings, specific recommendations were made to all role-players involved that are involved in learner safety in Civil Technology workshops. These recommendations may possibly contribute to increased and more effective caring supervision in promoting learner safety. / Thesis (MEd (Education Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Abduction / Adultery / Assault / Constitution / Defamation / Delict / Grounds of justification / Indigenous law / Intention / Legal maxims / Legal system / Legal values / Living law / Malicious damage to property / Negligence / Rape / Remedies / Seduction / Theft / Trespass / Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / In die studie word bepaal of die verskynsel wat algemeen as delik getipeer word, bekend is aan die inheemse reg en of daar na inheemse deliktereg in die gewone sin van die woord verwys kan word. Aangesien die lewende reg van 'n groep beinvloed kan word deur die mate van verwestersing wat plaasgevind het, is 'n mikrostudie in 'n semistedelike gebied gedoen ten einde te bepaal of eie waarde-oordele verplaas en vervang word wanneer daar van Westerse regsinstellings gebruik gemaak word. lnligting is ingesamel deur middel van gesprekvoering met 'n paneel van kundige mans en vrouens en is getoets aan beskikbare literatuur. Daar is gepoog om nie net die regsbeginsels te identifiseer en te omskryf nie, maar om ook kennis te neem van daardie kultuurinstellings en sosiale prosesse wat buite die reg funksioneer. Alhoewel dit moontlik is om die algemene beginsels van 'n delik te identifiseer asook die verskeie subjektiewe regte waarop inbreuk gemaak kan word, moet die eiesoortige aard daarvan deurentyd in gedagte gehou en verreken word teen die ongespesialiseerde aard van die inheemse reg. Daar is gevind dat die inheemse deliktereg van die bestudeerde groep duidelike tekens toon van aanpassings by nuwe omstandighede, maar tog met behoud van beproefde regsbeginsels en menslike waardes. / This study ascertains whether the phenomenon typified as indigenous law of delict is known to indigenous law and whether reference may be made to indigenous law of delict in the usual sense of the word. As the living law may be influenced by the measure of westernisation that took place, a micro study has been carried out in a semi-urban area in order to ascertain whether own value judgments are replaced or substituted when Western legal institutions are used. Information has been collected by way of interviews with a panel of knowledgeable men and women and controlled by reference to available literature. An attempt was made not only to identify and define legal principles, but also to take note of those cultural institutions and social processes functioning outside the law. Although it is possible to identify the general principles of delict as well as several subjective rights that may be infringed, the peculiar nature of delict must be borne in mind and set off against the unspecialised nature of indigenous law. The indigenous law of delict shows clear signs of adaptation to new circumstances, but there is evidence of the retention of proven legal principles and human values. / Private Law / L.L. D.

Abduction / Adultery / Assault / Constitution / Defamation / Delict / Grounds of justification / Indigenous law / Intention / Legal maxims / Legal system / Legal values / Living law / Malicious damage to property / Negligence / Rape / Remedies / Seduction / Theft / Trespass / Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / In die studie word bepaal of die verskynsel wat algemeen as delik getipeer word, bekend is aan die inheemse reg en of daar na inheemse deliktereg in die gewone sin van die woord verwys kan word. Aangesien die lewende reg van 'n groep beinvloed kan word deur die mate van verwestersing wat plaasgevind het, is 'n mikrostudie in 'n semistedelike gebied gedoen ten einde te bepaal of eie waarde-oordele verplaas en vervang word wanneer daar van Westerse regsinstellings gebruik gemaak word. lnligting is ingesamel deur middel van gesprekvoering met 'n paneel van kundige mans en vrouens en is getoets aan beskikbare literatuur. Daar is gepoog om nie net die regsbeginsels te identifiseer en te omskryf nie, maar om ook kennis te neem van daardie kultuurinstellings en sosiale prosesse wat buite die reg funksioneer. Alhoewel dit moontlik is om die algemene beginsels van 'n delik te identifiseer asook die verskeie subjektiewe regte waarop inbreuk gemaak kan word, moet die eiesoortige aard daarvan deurentyd in gedagte gehou en verreken word teen die ongespesialiseerde aard van die inheemse reg. Daar is gevind dat die inheemse deliktereg van die bestudeerde groep duidelike tekens toon van aanpassings by nuwe omstandighede, maar tog met behoud van beproefde regsbeginsels en menslike waardes. / This study ascertains whether the phenomenon typified as indigenous law of delict is known to indigenous law and whether reference may be made to indigenous law of delict in the usual sense of the word. As the living law may be influenced by the measure of westernisation that took place, a micro study has been carried out in a semi-urban area in order to ascertain whether own value judgments are replaced or substituted when Western legal institutions are used. Information has been collected by way of interviews with a panel of knowledgeable men and women and controlled by reference to available literature. An attempt was made not only to identify and define legal principles, but also to take note of those cultural institutions and social processes functioning outside the law. Although it is possible to identify the general principles of delict as well as several subjective rights that may be infringed, the peculiar nature of delict must be borne in mind and set off against the unspecialised nature of indigenous law. The indigenous law of delict shows clear signs of adaptation to new circumstances, but there is evidence of the retention of proven legal principles and human values. / Private Law / L.L. D.