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A influência da obstrução das vias aéreas superiores na determinação do tipo facial / The influence of the obstruction of the superior airway in the determination of the facial typeFreire-Maia, Belini Augusto Villalba 16 April 2010 (has links)
O objetivo neste trabalho foi de analisar a geometria nasal, a nasofaringe e a orofaringe, em crianças respiradoras orais com indicação de cirurgia desobstrutiva das vias aéreas superiores, e verificar a existência de uma possível influência direta da respiração na determinação do tipo facial. Foram avaliadas 657 crianças e, dentre elas, foram selecionadas 75, que se submeteram a avaliação otorrinolaringológica por meio de exames clínico, de radiografia cavum e/ou nasofibroscopia, e com as quais ficaram evidenciadas as obstruções das vias aéreas superiores com indicação cirúrgica. Ao final 41 crianças (21 do gênero masculino e 20 do feminino), entre 6,16 e 14,66 anos de idade, brasileiras, leucodermas, sem história de tratamento ortodôntico ou otorrinolaringológico cirúrgico (remoção de tonsilas faringeanas, palatinas, ou estruturas internas da cavidade nasal), aceitaram participar do estudo. Foram obtidas telerradiografias em norma lateral para a determinação do tipo facial e realizado o exame de rinometria acústica para a obtenção da área transversal mínima da cavidade nasal. A análise estatística dos dados (ANOVA, Razão de Verossimilhanças, análises de variâncias com medidas repetidas com dois fatores, comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni, teste Kruskal- Wallis; com nível de significância de 5%) e a interpretação dos resultados obtidos não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa na área total em MCA1 e MCA2 entre os tipos faciais (p > 0,05). Além disso, a obstrução das tonsilas faringeanas e palatinas avaliadas separadamente ou combinadas não variou estatisticamente segundo os tipos faciais (p = 0,582 para tonsila faringeana e p = 0,733 para tonsila palatina; e p = 0,925 quando combinadas). Conclui-se que, no presente estudo, não foi encontrada evidência de que a obstrução das vias aéreas superiores tenha influência determinante na definição do tipo facial. / The objective of this paper was to analyze the nasal geometry, the nasopharynx and the oropharynx in oral breathing children with indication for surgery clearence upper airway, in order to verify the existence of a possible direct influence of breathing in the determination of the facial type. A group of 657 children was evaluated and, among them, 75 were selected for otorhinolaryngologic evaluation through clinical exams, cavum radiography and/or nasal endoscopy , when the obstruction of the upper airway with surgical indication has been confirmed. From this subgroup, 41 children agreed to participate in the study (21 males: 20 females), with ages between 6,16 and 14,66 years, brazilians, whites, with no history of orthodontic treatment nor otorhinolaryngologic surgery (removal of the pharyngeal or palatine tonsils or internal structures of the nasal cavity). Radiographs were taken in lateral norm for the determination of the facial type and the acoustic rhinometry exam was performed for the determination of the nasal minimal transversal area. The statistical analyses of the data were made with the variance analysis (ANOVA), likelihood ratio test, analyses of variance with measures repeated with two factors, Bonferroni multiple comparisons, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level was chosen as 0.05. No statistically significant difference was detected in the total area in MCA1 and MCA2 between the facial types. Besides that, the obstruction of the pharyngeal or palatine tonsils, taken separately or in combination, did not vary statistically according to the facial pattern (p = 0.582 for pharyngeal tonsil; p = 0.733 for palatine tonsil; and p = 0.925 when combined). Therefore, in the present study, no evidence has been found that the obstruction of the superior airway has determinant influence in the determination of the facial type.
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"Dimensões nasais e nasofaríngeas de indivíduos sem evidências de obstrução nasal avaliadas por rinometria acústica no repouso e na fala." / Nasal and nasopharyngeal dimensions of individuals without evidences of nasal obstruction assessed by acoustic rhinometry during rest and speechGomes, Adriana de Oliveira Camargo 02 July 2004 (has links)
Objetivo: Determinar as áreas seccionais e os volumes de segmentos específicos da cavidade nasal, incluindo a nasofaringe, de indivíduos sem evidências de obstrução nasal, e os mesmos volumes na produção da fala, com vistas ao estabelecimento de valores de referência. Modelo: Análise prospectiva. Local de Execução: Laboratório de Fisiologia, HRAC-USP. Participantes: 30 voluntários caucasianos, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, sendo 14 homens e 16 mulheres. Intervenções/Variáveis: Foram avaliadas, por rinometria acústica, áreas de secção transversa nos segmentos correspondentes à válvula nasal (AST1), região anterior da concha nasal inferior (AST2) e região posterior da concha nasal inferior (AST3) e volumes, nos segmentos correspondentes à região da válvula nasal (V1), dos cornetos (V2) e da nasofaringe (V3). As medidas foram feitas antes e após a descongestão nasal, no repouso (suspensão voluntária da respiração) e durante a atividade velofaríngea (produção contínua e silenciosa do fonema /f/). Resultados: Os valores médios (±DP) das áreas (em cm2) e volumes (em cm3) obtidos no repouso, foram: AST1=0,54±0,13, AST2=0,98±0,31, AST3=1,42±0,44, V1=1,68±0,32, V2=3,98±1,12 e V3=18,93±3,51. Após a DN os valores foram significantemente maiores (p<0,05). Na fala, os volumes foram os seguintes: V1=1,80±0,22; V2=4,22±1,20; V3=15,32±5,40. O valor de V3 na fala foi significantemente menor que o observado na ausência de atividade velofaríngea (p<0,05). Conclusão: A comparação das áreas seccionais e dos volumes obtidos com os relatados na literatura validam seu uso como valores de referência, assim como o emprego da rinometria acústica como método de avaliação objetiva da geometria nasal e da atividade velofaríngea na fala. / Objective: To determine cross-sectional areas and volumes of specific segments of the nasal cavity, including the nasopharyngeal region, of individuals without evidences of nasal obstruction, and the same volumes during speech, with the purpose of establishing reference values. Model: Prospective analysis. Setting: Laboratory of Physiology, HRAC-USP. Participants: 30 caucasians volunteers, aged between 18 and 30 years (14 males and 16 females). Intervention/Variables: Cross-sectional areas corresponding to the nasal valve (CSA1), anterior edge of the inferior turbinate (CSA2) and posterior edge of the inferior turbinate (CSA3), and volumes corresponding to the nasal valve (V1), turbinate (V2) and nasopharyngeal regions (V3) were evaluated. Measurements were performed by acoustic rhinometry before and after nasal decongestion, at rest (voluntary interruption of respiration) and during velopharyngeal activity (silent continuous production of the sound /f/). Results: Mean values (±SD) of areas (in cm2) and volumes (in cm3) were the following: CSA1=0,54±0,13, CSA2=0,98±0,31, CSA3=1,42±0,44, V1=1,68±0,32, V2=3,98±1,12 and V3=18,93±3,51. After decongestion, the values were significantly larger (p<0,05). During speech, volumes were the following: V1=1,80±0,22; V2=4,22±1,20; V3=15,32±5,40. Nasopharyngeal volume (V3) measured during speech was significantly smaller than at rest (p<0,05). Conclusion: The comparison of the nasal cross-sectional areas and volumes obtained with those reported in the literature validate their use as reference values and the use of acoustic rhinometry to assess nasal geometry and velopharyngeal activity during speech.
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Dimensões internas nasais de crianças com fissura de lábio e palato unilateral aferidas por rinometria acústica / Internal nasal dimensions of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate assessed by acoustic rhinometryGomes, Adriana de Oliveira Camargo 05 November 2007 (has links)
Objetivo: Analisar as áreas seccionais, distâncias e volumes de segmentos específicos da cavidade nasal de crianças com fissura de lábio e palato unilateral, comparativamente a crianças sem fissura, por rinometria acústica. Modelo: Estudo prospectivo. Local de Execução: Laboratório de Fisiologia, HRAC-USP. Participantes: Trinta e nove crianças com fissura transforame unilateral e 34 crianças sem fissura, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 6 a 9 anos. Intervenções/Variáveis: Foram avaliadas as áreas seccionais correspondentes ao 2º, 3º e 4º entalhes do rinograma (AST1, AST2 e AST3), suas respectivas distâncias (d1, d2, d3) e os volumes nos segmentos correspondentes a 1-3,2cm (V1), 3,3-6,4cm (V2) e 7-12cm (V3), relativamente à narina, antes e após a aplicação tópica de vasoconstritor nasal (VC), utilizando um Rinômetro Acústico Eccovision-Hood Laboratories. Resultados: No lado fissurado (LF) as médias (±DP) de AST1, AST2, AST3 (em cm2), d1, d2 e d3 (em cm) e V1, V2 e V3 (em cm3) foram: 0,17±0,12, 0,29±0,20, 0,40±0,28, 2,02±0,40, 3,74±0,51, 5,50±0,44, 0,54±0,30, 1,22±0,86 e 4,52±3,37, respectivamente. No lado não-fissurado (LNF) as médias corresponderam a 0,33±0,11, 0,65±0,28, 0,90±0,43, 1,69±0,48, 3,67±0,53, 5,60±0,70, 1,04±0,37, 2,57±1,20, 8,77±4,85, respectivamente. As médias de AST e V em LF foram estatisticamente menores e a média de d1 foi maior que as observadas em LNF e no grupo controle, antes e após o uso do VC (p<0,05). A vasoconstrição provocou aumento dos valores de AST e V em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos mostram significativo comprometimento da permeabilidade nasal em crianças com fissura labiopalatina unilateral. / Objective: To evaluate cross-sectional areas, distances and volumes of specific segments of the nasal cavity of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate, compared to children without cleft, by acoustic rhinometry. Design: Prospective analysis. Setting: Laboratory of Physiology, HRAC-USP. Participants: Thirty-nine children with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 34 controls without cleft, of both genders, aged 6 to 9 years. Interventions/Variables: Cross-sectional areas measured at the 2nd, 3rd and 4th notches in the rhinogram (CSA1, CSA2 and CSA3), their distances from the nostril (d1, d2 and d3) and volumes measured at 1-3.2cm (V1), 3.3-6.4cm (V2) and 7-12cm (V3) from the nostril were evaluated by means of an Eccovision Acoustic Rhinometer-Hood Laboratories, before and after nasal decongestion. Results: At the cleft side (CS), the mean values (±SD) of CSA1, CSA2, CSA3 (in cm2), d1, d2 and d3 (in cm) and V1, V2 e V3 (in cm3) were: 0.17±0.12, 0.29±0.20, 0.40±0.28, 2.02±0.40, 3.74±0.51, 5.50±0.44, 0.54±0.30, 1.22±0.86 and 4.52±3.37, respectively. At the non-cleft side (NCS) mean values corresponded to 0.33±0.11, 0.65±0.28, 0.90±0.43, 1.69±0.48, 3.67±0.53, 5.60±0.70, 1.04±0.37, 2.57±1.20, and 8.77±4.85, respectively. CSA and V means at CS were significantly lower and d1 mean was higher than NCS and control means, before and after decongestion (p<0.05). Increased CSA and V mean values were seen after decongestion in both groups. Conclusion: The results show a significant impairment of nasal patency in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate.
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Simulation of Fluid Dynamics and Particle Transport in a Realistic Human Nasal CavityInthavong, Kiao, kiao.inthavong@rmit.edu.au January 2008 (has links)
Airflow and particle transport through the nasal cavity was studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A computational model of the human nasal cavity was reconstructed through CT scans. The process involved defining the airway outline through points in space that had to be fitted with a closed surface. The airflow was first simulated and detailed airflow structures such as local vortices, wall shear stresses, pressure drop and flow distribution were obtained. In terms of heat transfer the differences in the width of the airway especially in the frontal regions was found to be critical as the temperature difference was greatest and therefore heating of the air is expedited when the air is surrounded by the hotter walls. Understanding the effects of the airway geometry on the airflow patterns allows better predictions of particle transport through the airway. Inhalation of foreign particles is filtered by the nasal cilia to some degree as a defence mechanism of the airway. Particles such as asbestos fibres, pollen and diesel fumes can be considered as toxic and lead to health problems. These particles were introduced and the effects of particle morphology were considered by customising the particle trajectory equation. This mainly included the effects of the drag correlation and its shape factor. Local particle deposition sites, detailed deposition efficiencies and particle trajectories were obtained. High inertial particles tended to be filtered within the anterior regions of the cavity due to a change in direction of the airway as the air flow changes from vertical at the inlet to horizontal within the main nasal passage. Inhaled particles with pharmacological agents are often deliberately introduced into the nasal airway with a target delivery. The mucous lined airway that is highly vascular provides an avenue for drug delivery into the blood stream. An initial nasal spray experiment was performed to determine the parameters that were important for nasal spray drug delivery. The important parameters were determined to be the spray angle, initial particle velocity and particle swirl. It was found that particles were formed at a break-up length at a cone diameter greater than the spray nozzle diameter. The swirl fraction determined how much of the velocity magnitude went into a tangential component. By combining a swirling component along with a narrow spray into the main streamlines, greater penetration of larger particles into the nasal cavity may be possible. These parameters were then used as the boundary conditions for a parametric study into sprayed particle drug delivery within the CFD domain. The results were aimed to assist in the design of more efficient nasal sprays.
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Die Anwendung der Akustischen Rhinometrie beim Hund in der klinischen VeterinärmedizinNather, Stephanie 03 June 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Die akustische Rhinometrie ist in der Humanmedizin eine etablierte, nicht-invasive Methode zur Bestimmung von Nasenhöhlenvolumina und definierten Querschnittsflächen in nasalen Atemwegen beim Menschen. Sie basiert auf dem Vergleich beziehungsweise der Analyse der Amplituden von Schallwellen (definiert über die Querschnittsflächen) als Funktion der Zeit (definiert durch den Abstand in die Nasenhöhle), die durch Reflexionen einer Ausgangs-schallwelle in der Nasenhöhle entstehen.
Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, erstmals den Nutzen der akustischen Rhinometrie für die klinische Veterinärmedizin bei Hunden zu überprüfen. Die Hauptschwerpunkte lagen in der Quantifizierung des geometrischen Aufbaus der Nasenhöhle von gesunden (n=15) und kranken (n=32) Hunden über die Auswertung der Flächenabstandskurven, der Definition von minimalen Querschnittsflächen (MCA1, MCA2) und Zuordnung zu anatomischen Landmarken auf CT-Schnittbildern. Für die Messungen wurde das Rhinometer SRE 2000 (RhinoMetrics, Dänemark) verwendet. Voruntersuchungen zu Wiederholbarkeit und Genauigkeit der Messmethode erfolgten an zylindrischen Stufenmodellen (n=3).
Für jeden Beagle konnte eine deutliche Korrelation der ersten minimalen Querschnittsflächen zur Spitze der Concha nasalis ventralis nachgewiesen werden. Die zweite minimale Querschnittsfläche ließ sich keiner anatomischen Landmarke zuordnen. Es bestand kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied in Nasenhöhlenvolumina, Auftreten der MCA1 und MCA2 und ihrer entsprechenden Dimension der jeweils rechten und linken Nasenhöhle im Gruppenvergleich. Nach lokaler Applikation von Xylometazolin lag die Größenzunahme des Volumens der rechten Nasen-höhle bei 19,4% [3,9-24,7%] (n=13) und der Linken bei 23,7% [15,4-36,4%] (n=12).
Von insgesamt 32 untersuchten Hunden zeigten acht Hunde eindeutig einseitige Veränderungen (25%) in den CT-Schnittbildern. Anhand der Kurvensymmetrie ließ sich die pathologisch veränderte Nasenhöhlenseite nur in vier von acht Fällen zweifellos zuordnen. Besonders bei Erkrankungen mit Rhinorrhoe oder Ansammlungen von Sekret innerhalb der Nasenhöhle kam zu Fehlinterpretationen der Flächenabstandskurven. Oszillationen traten bei 22% der Patienten auf.
Die Ergebnisse lassen Rückschlüsse zu, dass sich die akustische Rhinometrie aufgrund einer guten Wiederholbarkeit und einfachen Anwendung für wissenschaftliche Studien eignet, bei denen der Schwerpunkt auf intraindividuellen Vergleichen liegt. Obwohl die Daten objektiv ermittelt werden, ist die Anwendung dieser Methode in der klinischen Veterinärmedizin bei Hunden nur in Kombination mit anderen Untersuchungsmodalitäten sinnvoll. Fehlmessungen treten bereits bei einfach strukturierten Modellen auf; am caninen Patienten nehmen sie durch die ansteigende Diskrepanz zum idealen theoretischen Modell weiter zu. Primäre pathologische Veränderungen in der Nasenhöhlengeometrie werden nicht erkannt oder durch sekundäre Veränderungen maskiert. Verschiedene Krankheitsbilder weisen gleiche oder ähnliche strukturelle Veränderungen in der Nasenhöhle auf und können durch Messungen mit akustischen Schallwellen nicht unterschieden werden. Die Interpretation von Absolutwer-ten ist kritisch. Die Quantifizierung einer intranasalen Stenose ist nicht möglich.
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Nasal airway nitric oxide : methodological aspects and influence of inflammation /Palm, Jörgen, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Use of conventional tomography to evaluate changes in the nasal cavity with rapid palatal expansionPalaisa, Jacqueline, January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005 / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 57 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-52).
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A DisjunÃÃo Pterigomaxilar em ExpansÃo RÃpida de Maxila Assistida Cirurgicamente influencia no volume das vias aÃreas superiores? Um estudo prospectivo usando Dolphin Imaging 3D / Does the pterigomaxillary disjunction in surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion to influence the upper airway volume? A prospective study using Dolphin Imaging 3DJosà Romulo de Medeiros 31 March 2015 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A atresia transversa maxilar representa um achado comum em pacientes com deformidades dentofaciais e, nesses casos, tem-se utilizado a expansÃo rÃpida de maxila assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC) como opÃÃo de tratamento. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da ERMAC (com ou sem disjunÃÃo pterigomaxilar [DP]) sobre o volume das vias aÃreas superiores. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo com indivÃduos adultos portadores de deficiÃncia esquelÃtica maxilar transversa submetidos à ERMAC. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos: sem DP (−DP); com DP (+DP). Onze pacientes por grupo foram estimados para se obter uma amostra significativa (poder de 90% e nÃvel de confianÃa de 95%). Imagens volumÃtricas de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cÃnico foram obtidas prÃ-operatoriamente (T1), imediatamente apÃs o travamento do dispositivo expansor (T2) e seis meses apÃs o travamento do dispositivo expansor (T3). Por meio do programa Dolphin Imaging 3D, foram obtidas as medidas volumÃtricas da cavidade nasal (VCN), seios maxilares (VSM), nasofaringe (VNF), orofaringe (VOF), bem como foi obtida a Ãrea de secÃÃo transversa da orofaringe (MASTO). Todas as anÃlises estatÃsticas consideraram um valor significativo de p<0,05. Um total de 322 indivÃduos foram avaliados, 25 indivÃduos com idade entre 17 e 49 anos compuseram a amostra (grupo −DP, n=12; grupo +DP, n=13). No grupo +DP, houve aumento significativo durante o perÃodo T2 para o VNF (p=0.003), VOF (p=0.007), e MASTO (p=0.001). NÃo houve diferenÃa estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05), entretanto, a realizaÃÃo da DP resultou em um aumento significante de medidas volumÃtricas da nasofaringe e da MASTO, apÃs seis meses do travamento do dispositivo expansor. / The transverse maxillary atresia is a common finding in patients with dentofacial deformities and, in such cases, the surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) has been used as a treatment option. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the SARME (with or without pterigomaxilar disjunction [PD]) on the upper airway volume. A prospective study with adult individuals affected by transverse maxillary skeletal deficiency undergoing SARME was performed. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: without PD (−PD); with PD (+PD). Eleven patients per group were estimated to obtain a representative sample (90% of power and a 95% of confidence level). Volumetric images of cone beam computed tomographies were obtained preoperatively (T1), immediately after expander device stabilization (T2) and 6 months after expander device stabilization (T3). Volumetric measurements of the nasal cavity (NCV), maxillary sinuses (MSV), nasopharynx (NFV), oropharynx (OV) and the oropharynx cross-sectional area (OCSA) were obtained using the Dolphin 3D Imaging Software. All statistical analyzes considered a significant value of p <0.05. A total of 322 subjects were evaluated, 25 individuals aged 17 to 49 comprised the sample (DP group, n = 12; group  SD, n = 13). In the group +PD there was a statistically significant increase during the T2 period for the NFV (p=0.003), OV (p=0.007) and OCSA (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p <0.05), however, the realization of PD resulted in a significant increase of volumetric measurements of the nasopharynx and MASTO after 6 months of the expander device locking.
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Avaliação da geometria nasal em adultos com apneia obstrutiva do sonoROCHA, Jackson Ítalo Tavares da 10 June 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é uma disfunção da respiração que gera interrupções no
sono, consequentes quadros de hipersonolência diurna, além de disfunções cardiovasculares.
Sua etiologia ainda é desconhecida, sendo descrita como multifatorial. Ainda assim, o seu
diagnóstico é bastante preciso e realizado por meio de um exame padrão-ouro, a
polissonografia. Muitos estudos têm investigado outros procedimentos diagnósticos que
permitam complementar a bateria de exames já existentes com a finalidade de facilitar e
permitir um diagnóstico e intervenção cada vez mais precoces na AOS. Com isto, a rinometria
acústica (RA), que permite mensurar a geometria nasal, surge como possibilidade de cumprir
tais objetivos quando aplicada em pacientes com AOS. Este é um estudo transversal analítico
e seu objetivo foi comparar as medidas rinométricas entre indivíduos sem e com AOS e
correlacionar o volume (V) e a área de secção transversal mínima (ASTM) das cavidades
nasais com a gravidade e sintomas da AOS. Para compor a amostra, foram convidados
pacientes sem AOS e diagnosticados com AOS, em diferentes graus, acompanhados no
ambulatório de Pneumologia do Hospital Otávio de Freitas nos últimos dois anos. A pesquisa
foi realizada em conjunto na clínica de fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco. Os indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 (sem AOS e AOS leve;
n=10) e grupo 2 (AOS moderada e grave; n=10). A coleta dos dados de cada paciente foi
realizada por meio da busca de prontuário, identificando sexo, idade, escala de sonolência de
Epworth (ESE) e os resultados da polissonografia e, em seguida, era realizada a RA. A análise
do estudo foi feita por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial com auxílio do software
SPSS, versão 18.0. A aderência dos dados aos padrões de normalidade e homogeneidade foi
testada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e Levene, respectivamente. A comparação entre os grupos
foi realizada com o teste de Mann-Whitney e a correlação entre as variáveis com o coeficiente
de correlação de Spearman. As diferenças foram assumidas quando p<0,05. Não foi
encontrada diferença entre os grupos estudados nos valores totais da área de secção transversa
mínima (ASTM) (grupo 1: 1,71cm² [0,93; 2,84cm²] vs. grupo 2: 1,47cm² [0,87; 2,60cm²]) e
do volume (V) (grupo1: 19,25cm³ [12,50-36,15cm³] e grupo 2: 24,82cm³ [7,58- 32,48cm³]).
Não houve correlação entre o índice apneia e hipopneia (IAH) e ASTM (r = 0,044; p>0,05),
nem entre o IAH e V (r = 0,323, p>0,05). Não foi possível observar correlação entre a ESE e
ASTM (r = -0,064; p>0,05), nem entre a ESE e V (r = -0,115, p>0,05). Na amostra estudada,
em indivíduos sem queixa de obstrução nasal, a geometria nasal não apresentou correlação
com a gravidade ou com os sintomas da AOS. / Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder of breathing during sleep characterized by several
interruptions in sleep, daytime sleepiness, and cardiovascular disorders. The etiology is
described as multifactorial and the diagnosis is assessed by gold standard polysomnography
measures. However, many studies have been developed to find other coadjuvants diagnostics
procedures for the early detection of OSA. Acoustic rhinometry (AR) allows the assessment
of nasal geometry and emerge as a new possibility to help in the diagnosis of OSA patients.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare rhinometric measures between subjects with
and without OSA and to correlate nasal geometry with the symptoms and the severity of
OSA. This is an analytical cross-sectional study and the objective is to analyze the
rhinometric characteristics in subjects with OSA. Consecutive patients diagnosed with,
different levels of OSA severity, and patients diagnosed without OSA followed at the
Hospital Otavio de Freitas (HOF) in the last 2 years. The subjects were divided into two
groups: group 1 (patients without OSA/mild OSA; n=10) and group 2 (moderate/severe OSA;
n=10). The baseline data were collected for each patient first identifying data such as gender,
age, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and the results of polysomnography. Then, the patients
were also submitted to AR. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 18, IBM,
NY USA). Shapiro Wilk test was used to determine the distributions of continuous variables
were normally. Levene test was used for the evaluation of homogeneity of variances.
Between-group differences in continuous data were assessed using Mann-Whitney test and
the associations were examined with Spearman correlation coefficient. Statistical tests were
considered significant when p < 0.05. No difference was found between the groups studied in
the total value of the minimum cross-sectional area (MCSA) (group 1: 1,71cm² [0.93;
2,84cm²] vs. group 2: 1,47cm² [0.87; 2 , 60cm²]) and volume (V) (group1: 19,25cm³ [12,5036,15cm³]
and group 2: 24,82cm³ [7,58- 32,48cm³]). There was no correlation between the
apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and MCSA (r = 0.044; p> 0.05) nor between AHI and V (r =
0.323, p> 0.05). Could not observe correlation between ESS and MSCA (r = -0.064; p> 0.05)
or between the ESS and V (r = -0.115, p> 0.05). In the sample studied in individuals without
complaints of nasal obstruction, nasal geometry was not correlated with the severity or
symptoms of OSA.
Keywords: Acous
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Análise do potencial terapêutico de células derivadas do órgão vômeronasal de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia / Analysis of therapeutic potential of cells from vomeronasal organ of rabbits New ZealandMarcio Nogueira Rodrigues 31 October 2014 (has links)
O órgão vômeronasal (OVN), é uma estrutura que detecta feromônios, emitindo sinais que modulam o comportamento social e reprodutivo. Possui células-tronco que se dividem e migram para substituir neurônios ao longo da vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar e caracterizar as células derivadas do órgão vômeronasal de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia e testar seu potencial terapêutico no tratamento da ablação da via vômeronasal. Utilizou-se 10 coelhos machos com 120 dias, sendo 9 submetidos a ablação do OVN e 1 utilizado para coleta de material para cultivo celular. Foram testados três meios de cultivo DMEM High Glucose, DMEM/F12 e MEM Alfa. No cultivo celular observou-se maior confluência e crescimento quando utilizado o DMEM High Glucose, confirmado pelos ensaios de MTT e Azul de Trypan. Na imunocitoquímica observou-se PCNA+, OCT4+, Nanog+, GFAP+, Vimentina+, Nestin+, Stro-1+, B-Tubulina+, CK-18+, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD34-, CD117- e CD45-. Na citometria de fluxo foi observado PCNA+, OCT-3/4+, Nanog+, GFAP+, Vimentina+, Nestin+, Stro-1+, B-Tubulina+, CK-18+, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD34- e CD45-. Na análise molecular foi possível observar a expressão de CD73, CD105, Oct-4, Nestina, Vimentina e GAPDH. Funcionalmente as células se diferenciaram em adipócitos, osteócitos e condrócitos e não possuem potencial tumorigênico em camundongos Balb-cnu/nu. A análise hormonal demonstrou que nos animais tratados após 7 e 14 dias não houveram diferenças significativas entre os grupos tratados e controles. No grupo após 21 dias notou-se uma diferença de 50% nos níveis hormonais no grupo tratado em relação ao grupo controle. Na análise da expressão para eGFP observou-se que os animais tratados após 7 dias as células injetadas formavam aglomerados celulares na região subjacente ao epitélio sensitivo. Após 14 dias continuavam a circundar o epitélio neurosensorial e após 21 dias observou-se pouca expressão de células localizadas apenas na região subjacente ao epitélio neurosensorial. A linhagem celular derivada do órgão vômeronasal possui uma população de células progenitoras, que foram visualizadas no foco da lesão, demonstrando sua capacidade de migração, o que a torna uma boa fonte para terapia celular em ablação da via vômeronasal. / The vômeronasal organ (VNO) is a structure that detects pheromones, emits signals that modulate social and reproductive behavior. It has stem cells that divide and migrate to replace neurons throughout life. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize cells derived from the vômeronasal organ from rabbits New Zealand and test their therapeutic potential in the treatment of ablation of the vômeronasal pathway. 10 male rabbits with 120 days were submitted to the ablation of VNO and 2 controls animals used to collect material for cell culture. Three different culture media DMEM High Glucose, Alpha MEM and DMEM/F12 were tested. In cell culture observed greater confluence and growth when used DMEM High Glucose, confirmed by MTT assay and Trypan Blue. In immunocytochemistry observed PCNA + OCT4 +, Nanog +, GFAP + Vimentin +, Nestin +, Stro-1 + B-tubulin +, CK-18 +, CD73 +, CD90 +, CD105 +, CD34-, CD117-and CD45-. In flow cytometry was observed PCNA + OCT-3/4 + Nanog +, GFAP + Vimentin +, Nestin +, Stro-1 + B-tubulin +, CK-18 +, CD73 +, CD90 +, CD105 +, CD34-and CD45-. Molecular analysis was possible to observe the expression of CD73, CD105, Oct-4, Nestin, vimentin and GAPDH. Functionally, the cells differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes have not Balb-cnu/nu tumorigenic potential in mice. Hormonal analysis demonstrated that animals treated after 7 days and 14 days there were no significant differences between treated groups and controls. In group after 21 days noticed a 50% difference in hormone levels in the treated group compared to the control group. In expression analysis for eGFP was observed that the treated animals after 7 the injected cells formed cell clusters in the underlying sensory epithelium region. After 14 days continued to surround the neurosensory epithelium and after 21 days there was little expression in the cells located just behind the neurosensory epithelium region. The cell line derived from the vômeronasal organ has a population of progenitor cells that were visualized in the lesion focus, demonstrating their ability to migrate, which makes it a good source for cell therapy in ablation of the vômeronasal pathway.
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