<p> Data show the number of doctoral degrees conferred in the U.S. increased for students of all racial/ethnic groups. However, from a percentage standpoint, American Indian students earning doctoral degrees were the least amount of increase. More American Indian females sought doctoral degrees than did American Indian men. However, it was not known what factors influenced American Indian female scholars, what characteristics of validation theory may have contributed, and how supportive factors&ndash;tribal culture, family, faculty, peers&mdash;contributed to earning a doctoral degree and becoming professors within a single higher education institution. Rend&oacute;n&rsquo;s validation theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. The purpose of this qualitative single-case study was to explore what factors influenced American Indian female scholars to earn a doctoral degree and become professors within a single higher education institution. Data were collected using a questionnaire, interviews, and interview notes. A constant comparative method was used to analyze qualitative data. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, and hand coded to identify commonalities in language and thought. Study findings included themes of self-determination/strong self-concept, love of learning, a degree for everyone, elements of validation theory, spirituality, ceremonies, religion, culture, family, faculty, and peers. Sub-themes included lack of cultural capital and no real plan. Study implications may assist higher education institutions, American Indian female scholars, and other minority scholars through the development of programs designed to support a holistic approach towards academic persistence. </p><p>

O estudo teve como objetivo contribuir com a caracterização do mel das abelhas sem ferrão, especificamente a caracterização botânica e físico-química de maneira a fornecer subsídios para programas e medidas de incremento da atividade meliponícola. Foram definidos como locais de estudo municípios do Paraná (Bandeirantes, Cornélio Procópio e Guaraqueçaba), Santa Catarina (Saltinho do Canivete/Mafra) e São Paulo (Icém). As amostras, composta por 250 mL de mel, foram obtidas diretamente com os meliponicultores de acordo com o pico de produção melífera de cada região no período compreendido entre abril a dezembro de 2011 e abril a dezembro de 2012. Os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados foram: hidroximetilfurfural, pH, acidez, condutividade elétrica, cinzas, umidade, cor, açúcares redutores, sacarose e atividade diastásica. Para determinação dos elementos-traços foi utilizada a técnica de Voltametria de Redissolução Anódica de Pulso Diferencial. A análise polínica foi realizada seguindo o método padrão de acetólise e em seguida submetidas as análises quantitativas (contagem consecutiva de até 1.000 grãos de pólen/amostra) e qualitativas. Quanto aos parâmetros açúcares redutores, sacarose, hidroximetilfurfural e cinzas as amostras de mel de meliponíneos atendem aos pré-requisitos da legislação vigente. Já os parâmetros umidade e atividade diastásica divergiram. Este fato aponta a necessidade de criação de uma legislação especifica para mel das abelhas nativas levando em consideração o elevado número de espécies e suas características diferenciadas. A determinação dos elementos-traços (Cd, Cu, Pb e Zn) indica que as amostras de mel de abelhas sem ferrão apresentam concentrações não prejudiciais a saúde humana. Com análise polínica verificou-se diversidade de espécies vegetais utilizadas por essas abelhas sendo, a família Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae e Mimosoideae) a que apresentou maior riqueza de tipos polínicos, seguida de por Asteraceae, Myrtaceae e Solanaceae. / The study aimed to contribute to the characterization of honey from stingless bees, specifically botany and physico-chemical characterization in order to provide support for programs and measures to increase the meliponícola activity. Were defined as study sites municipalities of Paraná (Bandeirantes, Cornélio Procópio e Guaraqueçaba), Santa Catarina (Saltinho do Canivete/Mafra) and São Paulo (Icém). The samples, consisting of 250 mL of honey, were obtained directly from the beekeepers in accordance with the peak honey production in each region for the period April to December 2011 and from April to December 2012. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: hydroxymethylfurfural, pH, acidity, electrical conductivity, ash, moisture, color, reducing sugars, sucrose and diastase activity. For determination of trace elements technique anodic stripping voltammetry differential pulse was used. Pollen analysis was performed following the standard acetolysis method, and then subjected to quantitative analysis (row count to 1.000 pollen grains/sample) and qualitative. As for the parameters reducing sugars, sucrose, hydroxymethylfurfural and ash samples of honey from stingless bees meet the prerequisites of the current legislation. Have the parameters humidity and diastase activity diverged. This fact points out the need to create specific regulations for honey from native bees taking into account the high number of species and their different characteristics. The determination of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) indicates that samples of honey from stingless bees exhibit concentrations not harmful to human health. With pollen analysis it was found diversity of plant species used by these bees being the family Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae and Mimosoideae) presented the highest richness of pollen types, followed by Asteraceae, Myrtaceae and Solanaceae.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as espécies de fungos fitopatogênicos presentes em sementes de P. guenoarum Arech. ecótipo “Azulão”, bem como, verificar a sensibilidade in vitro dos fungos isolados a diferentes fungicidas e avaliar a eficiência do tratamento químico no controle de fungos e no desempenho fisiológico das sementes. Cinco lotes de sementes (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 e 2015), obtidos de área experimental na EEA/UFRGS, foram analisados quanto à qualidade física e fisiológica através dos testes de umidade, pureza, germinação e vigor (PCG, IVG e TZ). Para a avaliação da qualidade sanitária fez-se o isolamento dos fungos fitopatogênicos associados às sementes pelo método de “blotter test”. A patogenicidade dos fungos encontrados foi avaliada por inoculação de plântulas, através de suspensões de conídios. Os fungos fitopatogênicos foram caracterizados através de análise morfológica e molecular. Para a caracterização molecular utilizou-se o espaçador interno de transcrição de rDNA [primers ITS1 / ITS4] e o gene RNA polimerase II (RPB2) [primers 5f2 / 7cr]. Por meio de ensaios de fungitoxicidade in vitro, estudou-se a sensibilidade dos isolados fúngicos detectados nas sementes, testando-se quatro fungicidas (Carboxina + Tiram, Cabendazim + Tiram, Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil e Tiofanato-metílico) e cinco concentrações (1; 2,5; 5; 10 e 30 ppm), determinando-se a DL50. Os fungicidas mais eficientes foram avaliados no tratamento das sementes, somente no lote 2015. Os lotes 2014 e 2015 apresentaram maior porcentagem de germinação e vigor. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as espécies de fungos fitopatogênicos presentes em sementes de P. guenoarum Arech. ecótipo “Azulão”, bem como, verificar a sensibilidade in vitro dos fungos isolados a diferentes fungicidas e avaliar a eficiência do tratamento químico no controle de fungos e no desempenho fisiológico das sementes. Cinco lotes de sementes (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 e 2015), obtidos de área experimental na EEA/UFRGS, foram analisados quanto à qualidade física e fisiológica através dos testes de umidade, pureza, germinação e vigor (PCG, IVG e TZ). Para a avaliação da qualidade sanitária fez-se o isolamento dos fungos fitopatogênicos associados às sementes pelo método de “blotter test”. A patogenicidade dos fungos encontrados foi avaliada por inoculação de plântulas, através de suspensões de conídios. Os fungos fitopatogênicos foram caracterizados através de análise morfológica e molecular. Para a caracterização molecular utilizou-se o espaçador interno de transcrição de rDNA [primers ITS1 / ITS4] e o gene RNA polimerase II (RPB2) [primers 5f2 / 7cr]. Por meio de ensaios de fungitoxicidade in vitro, estudou-se a sensibilidade dos isolados fúngicos detectados nas sementes, testando-se quatro fungicidas (Carboxina + Tiram, Cabendazim + Tiram, Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil e Tiofanato-metílico) e cinco concentrações (1; 2,5; 5; 10 e 30 ppm), determinando-se a DL50. Os fungicidas mais eficientes foram avaliados no tratamento das sementes, somente no lote 2015. Os lotes 2014 e 2015 apresentaram maior porcentagem de germinação e vigor. / This study was aimed to determine the phytopathogenic fungi species present in P. guenoarum Arech seeds. "Azulão" ecotype, as well as to verify the in vitro sensitivity of the isolated fungi to different fungicides and to evaluate the efficiency of the chemical treatment in the control of fungi and the physiological performance of the seeds. Five seed lots (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015), obtained from the experimental area of the EEA / UFRGS, were analyzed for physical and physiological quality by means of moisture, purity, germination and vigor tests (PCG, IVG and TZ). For the evaluation of the sanitary quality, the phytopathogenic fungi associated to the seeds were isolated by the blotter test method. The pathogenicity of the fungi found was evaluated by inoculation of seedlings by conidial suspensions. Phytopathogenic fungi were characterized by morphological and molecular analysis. The internal transcription spacer of rDNA [primers ITS1 / ITS4] and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) [primers 5f2 / 7cr] was used for the molecular characterization. The sensitivity of the fungal isolates detected in the seeds was evaluated using four fungicides (Carboxin + Thiram, Cabendazim + Thiram, Metalaxyl-M + Fludioxonil and Thiophanate-methyl) and five concentrations (1; 2,5; 5; 10 and 30 ppm), the LD50 being determined. The most efficient fungicides were evaluated in the treatment of seeds only in lot 2015. The lots 2014 and 2015 presented a higher percentage of germination and vigor. The species of phytopathogenic fungi most frequent in seed lots of P. guenoarum ecotype "Azulão" are Bipolaris micropus, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium incarnatum and Phoma herbarum. In vitro conditions, the fungicide Carboxin + Thiram inhibits the mycelial growth of the fungi F. incarnatum, C. geniculata and B. micropus with high efficacy (LD50 < 1 ppm), whereas Metalaxyl + Fludioxonil inhibits with high efficacy the fungi P. herbarum, C. geniculata and B. micropus. The chemical treatment with the fungicides Carboxin + Thiram, Metalaxyl-M + Fludioxonil and the combination of both products in the seeds of P. guenoarum is efficient in the control of B. micropus, C. geniculata, F. incarnatum and P. herbarum and promotes better physiological performance.

abstract: Art is a form of spiritual expression that is thriving in many Indigenous cultures. It can take many forms, meanings and have a multitude of emotional, mental, physical and spiritual effects on its creator as well as its audience. Amongst American Indians, art has been a method for maintaining holistic well-being intended to heal and cope with traumatic experiences. In this thesis, I examine the western societal and cultural influences that have led to the loss of cultural identity and examine approaches and practices that aim to re-establish a resilient connection to identity and well-being using art as a spiritual catalyst. Literary research and articles were reviewed related to the issue of art as a form of spiritual expression in Indigenous cultures. An autoethnography was conducted with the intent to record and reflect on the well-being of the researcher in relation to her artistic expression. Journaling and vlogging were used as research methods and painting, sketching, and beading was used as artistic methods. Over the course of six months, over 50 videos with 30 hours of raw footage were recorded; averaging 2 hours per day. The results are reflected in the researchers free-flowing and emotionally driven reflection of experiences that have driven her artwork. This thesis supports the establishment of art as a form of spiritual expression for transforming the current western focused health care paradigm to one that recognizes, values and employs Indigenous insight, methodologies, worldviews, culture and spirituality. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis American Indian Studies 2018

<p> Postpartum depression (PPD) is linked to diminished maternal, pediatric, and family health outcomes and is designated as the most common childbirth complication. PPD is an international public health concern and found in most populations. Studies suggest that American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women suffer higher PPD prevalence (14% to 29%) than other United States' women, revealing a racial/ethnic disparity. Health disparities research is a national public health priority and substantiates the need to explore PPD in AI/AN women. Clinicians define PPD as an episode of major depressive disorder with a "peripartum onset" specifier that occurs within the first year after delivery. </p><p> This dissertation work explored and synthesized PPD research about AI/AN women, where there remains considerable mystery surrounding the causes and consequences of PPD. Even with federal regulations in place requiring the inclusion of minorities and women and other underrepresented groups in research, AI/AN women have been mostly excluded, as evidenced by few studies and small sample compositions that include AI/AN women in PPD research. </p><p> Using a comparative analysis approach, validation studies of the EPDS and the PHQ-9 were examined. While possessing excellent concurrent validity, the low predictive accuracy of both tools in non-Western samples suggests cultural bias. No PPD screening instrument has been validated in samples of AI/AN women. Cross-cultural adaptation advances the science of comparative effectiveness research, and is therefore a logical next step. Using a phenomenological methodology with a community-based participatory approach, AI/AN women's "lived" PPD experiences were described. AI/AN women who experienced PPD now or in the past were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. De-identified demographic data were collected. Thematic analysis guided by Moustakas' (1994) procedure followed and seven major themes emerged. </p><p> This dissertation has advanced nursing science by providing an understanding of PPD in AI/AN women. Future research for AI/AN women with PPD should focus on: 1) their access to and use of PPD services; 2) the cross-cultural adaptation for PPD screening; 3) the possible relationship between PPD and intimate partner violence; 4) their preferences for PPD treatment; and 5) the possible relationship between PPD and acculturation.</p><p>

Book Summary: In Indians Illustrated, John M. Coward charts a social and cultural history of Native American illustrations--romantic, violent, racist, peaceful, and otherwise--in the heyday of the American pictorial press. These woodblock engravings and ink drawings placed Native Americans into categories that drew from venerable "good" Indian and "bad" Indian stereotypes already threaded through the culture. Coward's examples show how the genre cemented white ideas about how Indians should look and behave--ideas that diminished Native Americans' cultural values and political influence. His powerful analysis of themes and visual tropes unlocks the racial codes and visual cues that whites used to represent--and marginalize--native cultures already engaged in a twilight struggle against inexorable westward expansion. Fascinating and provocative, Indians Illustrated reopens an overlooked chapter in media and cultural history. / https://dc.etsu.edu/alumni_books/1022/thumbnail.jpg

Wolf Village is a Fremont farming village located at the southern end of Utah Valley where Brigham Young University has conducted six field schools there and recovered 135 awl and awl fragments. The Wolf Village awls, like the awls from many Fremont sites, represent a large range of morphological variability. Because of the ubiquity and diversity of Fremont bone awls, many different approaches have been taken to organize and understand them; focusing more on morphological characteristics than interpretation. In order to better understand the life use of bone awls, experiments were conducted to replicate the manufacture and use of these tools and to create a comparative collection for diagnostic characteristics. Based on the results of analysis and comparison, the craftspeople at Wolf Village used a variety of methods to make tools for use in basket-making, leatherwork, and other activities.

Book Summary: Offers full coverage of Native American athletes and athletics from historical, cultual and indigenous perspectives, from before European intervention to the 21st century. There are entries devoted to broader cultural themes, and how these affect and are affected by the sport.

This study had two goals: first, to establish a need to use native plant materials for planting and revegetation of highway right of ways in Utah; and secondly, to develop a list of potential native plants sui table for hi.ghway planting in Utah. To accomplish these two goals, three steps were completed. Correspondence was exchanged with officials of other state highway departments to determine their attitudes concerning the use of native plants for highway planting. Second, a case study was completed on two sections of the Interstate Highway system in the Weber-Davis area of Utah. This was done to document the present planting practices of the Utah Department of Transportation. The survival rate of the plants planted by Utah Department of Transportation was determined to be moderate to low, while native species have revegetated and were surviving without special maintenance. It was determined that there was a need to utilize native plants for highway planting in Utah. Third, a list of native plants was developed to provide a potential list of species suitable for highway planting and revegetation.

As a group, Native American youth have elevated rates of delinquency and substance use. However, research specifically examining the etiology of delinquency among Native American youth is sparse. In order to fill this gap, this study utilized a general strain theory (GST) framework integrated with feminist criminological insights and an indigenist stress-coping model (ISCM) to examine the impact of victimization as a source of strain (i.e., interpersonal victimization, sexual assault, and peer assault) on delinquent outcomes (i.e., violent and property delinquency, alcohol and marijuana use) among a sample of Native American youth attending school (and likely residing) on or near Indian reservations. This study utilized secondary data from the third wave of the Drug Use Among Young American Indians: Epidemiology and Prediction: 1993-2006 and 2009-2013 study (N = 2,457). Partial proportional odds (PPO) models were estimated to examine the potential non-linear effects of victimization on delinquency while ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were estimated to test the mediation and moderation hypotheses within GST. Models were estimated for the total sample and for males and females separately to assess for gender differences in GST processes. Special attention was paid to the role of Native American cultural identity as a moderator in the strain - delinquency relationship. Results indicate mixed support for hypotheses drawn from GST.