Architecture develops from both the art and science of construction. Therefore, structure influences the pursuit of architectural ideas. Devoid of ornamentation, common objects can be enhanced through improving function and articulating their structure. Quality of construction and material durability have an immediate impact on how a thing is perceived. A thing is built once, but observed, studied, and used for its entire existence. It is important to investigate today's building necessities, such as a door, a path, or a wall, to discover inherent opportunities in order to transcend these everyday things and create extraordinary architectural moments. Separating a thing from its general context draws attention to it or to some aspect of it being enhanced. Otherwise, an ordinary thing such as a door can be quite uneventful. But, a door encased in a vertical plane of wood offset from the remaining enclosure draws attention to the quality, texture, and color of the wood. In this thesis, the design of a multi-use, commercial and residential building, bridges between corresponding zoning districts. The project is used as a vehicle to explore the complexities and nuances involved in developing extraordinary architectural form using initially common conditions, local zoning laws, and standard construction techniques. / Master of Architecture

This thesis studies how light, as a spiritual and symbolic element, cannot only uplift the human condition but also evoke the spiritual. The result can cause one to know what is unknowable without the presence of light and make one aware of what was unknown to them, as well as, revealing what is greater than themselves. The objective is to explore and design spaces that progressively lift the eyes of the observer with natural lighting techniques. Natural light is used to create a better sense of physical and spiritual awareness. / Master of Architecture / This thesis studies how light, as a spiritual and symbolic element, cannot only uplift the human condition but also evoke the spiritual. The result reveals what is greater than themselves. The objective is to explore and design spaces that progressively lift the eyes of the observer with natural lighting techniques. Natural light is used to create a heightened sense of physical and spiritual awareness. Using light, one is led on a staged journey through a series of reflection spaces. This thesis explores how light can be the thing that provides revelation and a deeper understanding of not only one's self, but the world around them, as well as, things greater than themselves.

Este estudo visa comprovar a tese de que é possível identificar estratégias de apropriação da luz natural consistentes com o sistema arquitetônico da Arquitetura Moderna que chamamos de Luz Moderna. Esta perspectiva enfoca a luz natural como um elemento de composição da arquitetura tanto quanto um fator técnico. Assim fica ampliado o foco sobre a apropriação da luz natural que deixa de estar submetida apenas aos critérios técnicos e passa a obedecer a todos os demais parâmetros da própria arquitetura seja o sistema construtivo, a forma, a estrutura, seja a restrição de custos ou da legislação. Para tanto foi realizado um levantamento cronológico da invenção e desenvolvimento da Luz Moderna, bem como um comparativo com a arquitetura produzida durante a década de 1990 que visa o reconhecimento de seus desdobramentos e suas influências. / This study holds the thesis that it is possible to identify lighting strategies that are part of the characteristics of Modern Architecture, so much so that we can call them Modern Daylighting. It deals with natural lighting as a consistent element of the architectural system instead of having a exclusively technical approach. We believe that daylighting design obey to broader parameters just as architecture itself. It answers, for instance, to the constructional system, to form and to structure as well as to law or money constraints. To do so, we organized a chronological view of the invention and development of Modern Daylighting and tried to confront it with works produced during the nineties in order to verify its influences nowadays.

Este estudo visa comprovar a tese de que é possível identificar estratégias de apropriação da luz natural consistentes com o sistema arquitetônico da Arquitetura Moderna que chamamos de Luz Moderna. Esta perspectiva enfoca a luz natural como um elemento de composição da arquitetura tanto quanto um fator técnico. Assim fica ampliado o foco sobre a apropriação da luz natural que deixa de estar submetida apenas aos critérios técnicos e passa a obedecer a todos os demais parâmetros da própria arquitetura seja o sistema construtivo, a forma, a estrutura, seja a restrição de custos ou da legislação. Para tanto foi realizado um levantamento cronológico da invenção e desenvolvimento da Luz Moderna, bem como um comparativo com a arquitetura produzida durante a década de 1990 que visa o reconhecimento de seus desdobramentos e suas influências. / This study holds the thesis that it is possible to identify lighting strategies that are part of the characteristics of Modern Architecture, so much so that we can call them Modern Daylighting. It deals with natural lighting as a consistent element of the architectural system instead of having a exclusively technical approach. We believe that daylighting design obey to broader parameters just as architecture itself. It answers, for instance, to the constructional system, to form and to structure as well as to law or money constraints. To do so, we organized a chronological view of the invention and development of Modern Daylighting and tried to confront it with works produced during the nineties in order to verify its influences nowadays.

Daylighting is the use of natural light to replace artificial light. In traditional rooms sunlight will only illuminate the area closest to the window due to the high solar angle. The rear of the room appears gloomy and occupants will use electric lighting even though there is sufficient daylight to illuminate the interior. The first section of this thesis reports on the application of micro-prisms to glazing. Such systems could improve the penetration of the light and reduce the energy bill. Fig 1: (Left): A traditional window. (Right) A window with the top third coated in microprisms. The aim of the work is to develop suitable structures than can be easily and cheaply mass produced using an industrial UV embossing process. Whenever possible the requirements of this process dictate the physical characteristics of the microstructures. The development process includes all the stages from design to full-scale testing of the prototypes in an office. Several different mechanical methods are used to produce prismatic arrays that conform to an initial design calculation. Each sample is evaluated in terms of its physical characteristics, its optical properties and finally its ability to improve illumination within a room. The latter aspect is determined, not only by measurement, but also the subjective assessment of occupants. The second micro-textured surface to be examined is the microlens. Three systems are investigated: - A controlled diffuser incorporating cylindrical lenses to improve the distribution of the daylight. - An afocal pair of lenses to improve the penetration of daylight through beam-steering. - An angular filter to exclude direct sunlight while admitting diffuse light. Most of the research is concerned with the third system. On sunny days windows can cause sufficient glare that occupants will pull the venetian blinds. Not only will this exclude the direct sunlight but also the diffuse daylight, cause darkening of the room and leading to the use of artificial light. The angular filter or 'solar shade' uses microlenses to image the direct sunlight which can then be blocked by circular obturations. The diffuse sunlight is not focused and therefore transmitted so the room is not darkened. The research is based on experimentation with small-scale systems and computer modelling to optimise the system. The results show potential improvements over new 'smart' windows although mechanical tolerances are high.

La presente tesis está enmarcada en el área de visión por computador y en ella se realizan aportaciones encaminados a resolver el problema de segmentar automáticamente objetos en imágenes de escenas adquiridas en entornos donde se está realizando actividad, es decir, aparece movimiento de los elementos que la componen, y con iluminación variable o no controlada. Para llevar a cabo los desarrollos y poder evaluar prestaciones se ha abordado la resolución de dos problemas distintos desde el punto de vista de requerimientos y condiciones de entorno. En primer lugar se aborda el problema de segmentar e identificar, los códigos de los contenedores de camiones con imágenes tomadas en la entrada de un puerto comercial que se encuentra ubicada a la intemperie. En este caso se trata de proponer técnicas de segmentación que permitan extraer objetos concretos, en nuestro caso caracteres en contenedores, procesando imágenes individuales. No sólo supone un reto el trabajar con iluminación natural, sino además el trabajar con elementos deteriorados, con contrastes muy diferentes, etc. Dentro de este contexto, en la tesis se evalúan técnicas presentes en la literatura como LAT, Watershed, algoritmo de Otsu, variación local o umbralizado para segmentar imágenes en niveles de gris. A partir de este estudio, se propone una solución que combina varias de las técnicas anteriores, en un intento de abordar con éxito la extracción de caracteres de contenedores en todas las situaciones ambientales de movimiento e iluminación. El conocimiento a priori del tipo de objetos a segmentar nos permitió diseñar filtros con capacidad discriminante entre el ruido y los caracteres. El sistema propuesto tiene el valor añadido de que no necesita el ajuste de parámetros, por parte del usuario, para adaptarse a las variaciones de iluminación ambientales y consigue un nivel alto en la segmentación e identificación de caracteres. / Rosell Ortega, JA. (2011). Study of segmentation and identification techniques applied to environments with natural illumination and moving objects [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/10863 / Palancia

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With the increasing destruction of our natural environment, and with the realization that we ultimately depend upon this environment, my thesis explores the role of Architecture in designing the built environment to be harmonious with the natural one. How can Architecture be a teaching tool for the natural and built environments? Through the design of The Sun School for Environmental studies involving the integration of a building’s site, photovoltaic technology, daylighting, and natural ventilation, how can Architecture encourage a building to teach about itself? How can a building respond to its occupants, and to sun, wind, daylight and temperature? How can Architecture encourage the occupants to interact with the building, learn about it, respond to it, and consequently to increase their awareness of it? / Master of Architecture

Det här är en rapport som behandlar examensarbetet i integreradproduktutveckling vid Högskolan i Skövde. Projektet sker i samarbete med ett företag som tillverkar dörrar och vill utöka sitt tillbehörssortiment med enprodukt i marknadssegmentet mellan fönster och LED-ljus för att belysataburentrén och underlätta för användaren att vistas i tamburen.Utvecklingsprocessen för denna produkt började med en omfattande förstudieföljt av identifiering av aktuella miljöer, insamling av mätdata via mätningar avbelysningsstyrka samt teoretiska beräkningar på produktens geometrier såsomljusinsamlingsarea. Den samlade kunskapen ledde fram till ettkonceptgenereringsstadie, konceptutvärdering samt prototypframställning.Detaljutvecklingen av det slutgiltiga konceptet baserades i stort på tekniska ochfysiska egenskaper. Resultatet blev undermåligt och nådde ej upp till eftersträvadbelysningseffekt med de identifierade randvillkoren, på grund av oförutseddaeffektförluster. Tas produkten ur ramarna för randvillkoren och istället användasi mer gynnsamma förhållanden blir resultatet betydligt bättre.Slutsatsen blir att passiv insamling av diffust ljus är möjligt men inte effektivt ochframförallt inte kompatibelt med, i detta fall, krav på hög säkerhet och lågt pris. / This is a report which covers the bachelor degree project in Product Design Engineering at University of Skövde. The project is conducted in cooperation witha company that manufactures doors and wants to expand their accessory rangewith a product in the market segment between windows and LED-lights toilluminate the very entrance of an apartment and provide the user with sufficientlight. The development process for this product began with a comprehensiveprestudy followed by identification of relevant environments, collection of targetdata through measurements of illumination, and theoretical calculations ofproduct geometries such as light collecting area. The combined knowledge led toa generation stage, evaluation stage and prototype production. The result becamesubstandard and did not reach the desired lighting effect with the identifiedboundary conditions due to unforeseen power losses. If the product is taken outof these boundaries and instead used in more favorable conditions, the result issignificantly better.The conclusion is that passive collection of diffused light is possible but noteffective and above all incompatible with, in this case, high security and demandsfor low costs.

How does one restore the original life and program to a building that has been repurposed several times over the preceding decades? In the 1950s, Örebro had a fine market hall with great light and spaces. In the 1970s a supermarket took over the space, and the old roof with its skylights was demolished, but the original construction with its beams and pillars remains today. Reusing the old structure while adding new elements as an addition, I am giving new life to the old market hall and bringing back open spaces and natural light. My project is a proposal to re-open the old market hall in its old facilities by giving it a new roof to bring back the qualities that was lost in the 70’s. My guidelines during the project have been construction, light transmission and material and I have been focusing on finding a balance between construction and ornament while designing my addition. / Hur kan man ge tillbaka en byggnads ursprungliga liv och program som under decennier omprogrammerats flera gånger? På 50-talet hade Örebro and fin saluhall med fantastiskt ljus och rymliga lokaler. Under 70-talet tog en mataffär över lokalerna och rev då också det vackra sågtandade tak som byggnaden hade, dock står den ursprungliga bärande konstruktionen kvar med sina pelare och balkar. I mitt projekt återanvänder jag den ursprungliga konstruktionen och väcker på så sätt nytt liv i byggnaden. Jag föreslår ett nytt tak för byggnaden för att återinföra det naturliga ljus som försvann under 70-talet samtidigt som jag skapar nya öppna rumsligheter. Under projektets gång har konstruktion, ljusföring och material varit viktiga element som jag arbetat med. I mitt tillägg har jag fokuserat på att skapa en balans mellan konstruktionen som bär och de ornament som för in ljuset i byggnaden.