International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) satellite will travel to the asteroid 433 Eros, arriving there early in 1999, and orbit the asteroid for 1 year taking measurements that will map the surface features and determine its elemental composition. NEAR is the first satellite to use the rate-1/6 convolutional encoding on its telemetry downlink. Due to the scarcity and complexity of full decoders, APL designed and built a less capable but inexpensive version of the decoder for use in the integration, test, and prelaunch checkout of the rate-1/6 encoder. This paper describes the rationale for the design, how it works, and the features that are included.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1993. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: My Ph.D. dissertation proposed a four-step procedure for recovering the earliest possible text of the Old Testament: (1) detennining the lexical and grammatical characteristics of the various secondary (non-Hebrew) witnesses; (2) determining the literary and theological characteristics of the same witnesses; (3) retroverting the non-Hebrew witnesses wherever significant variants occur; (4) evaluating the Hebrew and retroverted variants and reconstructing a Hebrew Vorlage presumed to lie behind all of the extant witnesses. The dissertation itselfcompleted the fIrst two of these steps, which a..rnount to a determination of the significant variants (i.e., those that probably point to a Hebrew reading different from M'I) of the secondary wiblesses. It is the goal of this thesis to complete the analysis and produce a critical, eclectic Hebrew text of 1 Samuel 3. Before attempting to retrovert the different secondary witnesses, a number ofproblem areas need to be addressed, including developing a methodology for retroverting versional readings that is as scientific as possible, the Hebrew script used in the Vorlagen of the various versions, and the orthography of the Vorlagen and of the reconstructed archetype. The methodology used for retroverting secondary witnesses is informed by the works of Margolis, Tov, and others, and the translation techniques of the versions as. determined in mydissertation playa large role. The methodology must be modified somewhat when analyzing the partial secondary witnesses (the Lucianic and Hexaplaric recensions of LXX). Once the secondary witnesses have been retrov~their data is combined with that of MT, 4QSama, and a few other Hebrew witnesses and evaluated. The problems of multiple literary editions and conjectural emendations are examined, as are the merits ofexternal and internal evidence in making text-critical decisions. After each of the units ofvariation has been evaluated, the possibility that LXX represents an edition of Samuel different from MT is considered on the basis of the evidence from chapter 3. Finally, a critical edition of the chapter, replete with critical apparatuses containing both the original and retroverted readings of the secondary witnesses, presents the fruits of the study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In my Ph.D. proefskrif het ek vier stappe voorgestel wat as prosedure gevolg kan word om die oudste moontlike teks van die au Testament te bepaal.: (1) die vasstelling van die leksikale en grammatikale kenmerke van die onderskeie sekond~re (nie-Hebreeuse) getuies; (2) die vasstelling van die liter~re en teologiese kenmerke van dieselfde getuies; (3) die hervertaling (retrovertion) van die nie-Hebreeuse getuies waar daar betekenisvolle variante voorkom; (4) die evaluering van die Hebreeus en die hervertaa1de variante en die rekonstruksie van 'n Hebreeuse Vorlage wat aanvaar word agter aIle beskikbare getuies te l~. Die proefskrif self het die eerste twee stappe voltooi, wat neergekom het op die vasstelling van die betekenisvolle variante (d.i. die wat waarskynlik heenwys na 'n lesing wat van MT verskil) van die sekondere getuies. Dit is die doel van hierdie tesis om die analise te voltooi en om 'n kritiese, eldektiese teks van die Hebreeuse teks van 1 Samuel 3 daar te stel. Voordat ek egter poog am die verskillende sekond~re getuies te hervertaal, moet 'n aantal probleem areas eers aangespreek word. Dit sluit in die ontwerp van 'n metode om variante lesings uit die vroee vertalings so wetenskaplik moontlik te hervertaal, die Hebreeuse skriftipe wat in die onderskeie Vorlagen gebruik is, en die ortografie van die Vorlagen en van die rekonstrueerde oertipe vas te stel. Die metode wat aangele word om sekond~re getuies te hervertaal steun gedeeltelik op die navorsing van Margolis, Tov en ander. Verder speel die vertaaltegniek van die vroee vertalings wat in my proefskrif bepaal is 'n groot ro!. Die voorgestelde metode moet ietwat aangepas word wanneer die gedeeltelik sekondere getuies (die Lukiaanse en Heksaplariese resensies van die LXX) geanaliseer word. Nadat die sekondere getuies hervertaal is, word hulle data gekombineer met die van MT, 4QSama, en enkele ander Hebreeuse getuies en geevalueer. Die probleme verbonde aan meervondige literere uitgawes en hipotetiese emendasies word ondersoek, SODS ook die meriete van eksterne en interne getuienis wanneer tekskritiese beslissings gevel word. Nadat elkeen van hierdie eenhede van variasie geevalueer is, word die moontlikheid ondersoek dat die LXX 'n uitgawe verteenwoordig van Samuel wat verskil van MT op grond van die getuienis van hoofstuk 3. Laastens word 'n kritiese uitgawe van hierdie hoofstuk, volledig met kritiese apparaat wat beide die oorspronklike en die hervertaalde lesings van die sekondere getuies bevat, as vrugte van hierdie studie aangebied.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1975. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Philo is a writer who lived in Alexandria in 30 BC – 50 AD. Traditionally scholars classified Philo as philosopher, exegete and apologist. With these classifications in mind, Philo’s works is read and interpreted. In this study a methodology of postmodernism (which is inherently a cultural historical understanding of reality) will be used, and it will become clear that this classification of the scholars is not satisfactory. The question that arises, is: How must Philo be read and understood in the context of a postmodern methodology? By means of a study of the logos-concept it is suggested that Philo must be understood as a threshold person, who stands on the cutting edges of the cultures in Alexandria; he therefore creates a new universe of symbols. In this new universe of symbols it is possible for the different cultures to communicate effectively, because they now have a joint vocabulary. Philo is not a postmodernist, but he makes use of techniques which occurs in post modern philosophy to create this new universe of symbols. Through the use of these techniques it becomes possible for the reader to take into account the different philosophical dimensions that are part of Philo’s thoughts. This helps the reader to understand the contradiction in Philo’s thought in connection with the logos-concept. It also helps the reader to place the logos-concept of Philo in its proper cultural historical background. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Filo is ’n skrywer wat in Aleksandrië gewoon het in die tydperk 30 vC – 50 nC. Tradisioneel het geleerdes Filo getipeer as filosoof, eksegeet en apologeet. Aan die hand van hierdie tiperings is Filo se werke dan gelees en geïnterpreteer. In hierdie studie word daar met ’n postmoderne metodologiese vertrekpunt gewerk (wat ten diepste gebaseer word op ’n kultuur historiese verstaan van die werklikheid) en word dit duidelik dat hierdie tiperings nie bevredigend is nie. Die vraag wat nou ontstaan, is: Hoe moet Filo dan gelees en verstaan word binne die raamwerk van ’n postmoderne metodologie? Aan die hand van ’n studie van die logos-begrip word daar voorgestel dat Filo gelees en verstaan moet word as ’n deurdrumpel-persoon, wat op die snypunt van al die verskillende kulture in Aleksandrië staan en daarom ’n nuwe simbole universum skep. Binne hierdie nuwe simbole universum kan verskillende kulture effektief met mekaar kommunikeer, aangesien hulle nou oor ’n gedeelde woordeskat beskik. Filo self was nie ’n postmodernis nie, maar hy maak wel van tegnieke gebruik wat ook voorkom in die postmoderne filosofie om hierdie nuwe simbole universum te skep. Deur middel van hierdie tegnieke is dit vir die leser moontlik om die verskillende filosofiese nuanses wat op Filo se denke ten opsigte van die logos ingewerk het, te verreken en om hierdie oënskynlike teenstrydighede in sy denke rakende die logos-begrip te verstaan teen die kultuur-historiese agtergrond waarbinne hy hom in Aleksandrië bevind.

INTRODUÇÃO: As Nações Unidas lançaram em 2016 os chamados Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Dentre esses objetivos as metas relacionadas à saúde materna e infantil são para redução da mortalidade. O projeto BOLD foi uma coorte para mulheres no período de cuidado intraparto que visava entender, em duas etapas, como melhorar a qualidade do cuidado dispendido a essas gestantes. O presente projeto foi uma análise secundária com dados desse projeto. OBJETIVOS: Validar o conceito de near miss neonatal sugerido por Pileggi-Castro e colaboradores, explorar possível associação entre desfechos graves maternos e neonatais e verificar possível associação entre o estado nutricional materno no momento do parto e desfechos maternos e neonatais graves bem como o comportamento do estado nutricional desta população. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um corte transversal de uma coorte prospectiva realizada em 13 hospitais da Nigéria e Uganda com mulheres no momento do parto. A validação do near miss foi realizada utilizando valores de sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), razão de verossimilhança positiva (RVP) e negativa (RVN) e razão de chances (OR). Foi utilizado o teste de Fisher para análise da associação entre desfechos graves e características maternas selecionadas e um modelo utilizando regressões ordinais e logísticas. RESULTADOS: O presente estudo incluiu 10203 mulheres e validou o conceito de near miss neonatal uma vez que reproduziram achados semelhantes com banco de dados diferente (S=99%, IC 92-100; E= 90%, IC 89-90, RVP= 9,69, IC 9,08-10,34) e RVN 0,02, IC 0,00-0,11; OR 600,6, IC 83,3-4330). Também consolidou a associação entre o desfecho materno e o neonatal graves mostrando uma relação de progressão: quanto mais grave a situação clínica materna durante trabalho de parto maior será a chance de seu recém-nascido ter um desfecho também grave (p<0,05). Além disso, apresentou análises buscando relacionar o estado nutricional da mulher no momento do parto com desfechos graves neonatais e a distribuição do peso materno e neonatal da população estudada. CONCLUSÃO: O conceito de near miss neonatal deve ser utilizado como parâmetro em diversos sistemas de saúde para que as medidas de gravidade neonatal sejam comparáveis entre si. As triagens de mulheres com risco potencial devem ser realizadas como tentativa de mitigar desfechos maternos e neonatais ruins. O estadonutricional das mulheres deve ser levado em consideração ao longo de toda sua gestação, inclusive no momento do parto, visto que ser classificada como obesa previamente ao parto está associado a riscos de o recém-nascido apresentar desfechos graves. Esse estudo estimula pesquisas de implementação para melhoria do cuidado com os dados já existentes bem como estudos epidemiológicos relacionados à classificação do estado nutricional no momento do parto em todos os países visto que essa medida isoladamente pode ser uma importante ferramenta para análise de triagem no momento do parto. / INTRODUCTION: The United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2016. Among these goals, there are two specific for maternal and child\'s health that aims to reduce the mortality. The BOLD project was a cohort for women in the intrapartum period that aimed to understand, in two steps, how to improve the quality of pregnant women\'s care. The present project was a secondary analysis of this project. OBJECTIVES: To validate the concept of neonatal near miss suggested by Pileggi-Castro and colleagues, to explore the association between maternal and neonatal severe outcomes, to verify the possible association between the maternal nutritional status at delivery and maternal and neonatal outcomes, and to understand the behavior of the nutritional status of this population. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional view of a prospective cohort conducted in 13 hospitals in Nigeria and Uganda. The near miss validation was performed using values of sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive (RVP) and negative (RVN) likelihood ratio and odds ratio (OR). Fisher\'s test was used to analyze the association between severe outcomes. We selected maternal characteristics to perform a model of ordinal and logistic regressions. RESULTS: The study included 10,203 women and validated the concept of neonatal near miss using a different database (S=99%, IC 92-100; E= 90%, IC 89-90, RVP= 9.69, IC 9.08-10.34) e RVN 0.02, IC 0.00-0.11; OR 600.6, IC 83.3-4330). We consolidated the association between maternal and neonatal outcomes showing a progression relationship: the more severe the women, the more severe the newborn outcome (p<0.05). We presented the analysis of the nutritional status of women at the time of delivery and we were not able to report an association. We presented the weight distribution of maternal and the newborns of studied population. CONCLUSION: The concept of neonatal near miss should be used as a parameter in different settings, so data can be comparable. Screening for women with potential risk to severe outcome is recommended to mitigate / avoid bad outcomes. Nutritional status is one parameter to be aware of during pregnancy as well as in the time of delivery because this might represent a risk for both mother and baby. This study stimulates implementation research to improve care and epidemiological studies aboutnutritional status in different populations since this measure alone can be a useful tool for screening analysis during delivery.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da morbidade materna grave na saúde sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres seis meses após o evento. Estudo observacional, transversal, realizado em dois hospitais na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brasil: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto onde ficam internadas as puéperas que tiveram algum tipo de complicação na gestação (Grupo 1) e Centro de Referência em Saúde da Mulher, onde ficam internadas as puérperas de baixo risco gestacional (Grupo 2), totalizando 110 participantes, no período de maio de 2015 a agosto de 2016. A coleta de dados, a qual aconteceu da mesma forma nos dois hospitais, foi realizada em duas fases: a primeira correspondeu ao recrutamento das participantes enquanto ainda estavam internadas após o parto, onde foram obtidos os dados obstétricos, neonatais, sociodemográficos e reprodutivos diretamente do prontuário médico; a segunda ocorreu seis meses após a alta hospitalar das participantes, as quais foram contatadas via telefone para agendamento das visitas domiciliares, onde foram colhidos os dados sociodemográficos, econômicos, ginecológicos, obstétrico e os relacionados à saúde sexual, através do instrumento Female Sexual Function Index. Os dados foram analisados através do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences e R versão 3.1.2. Foram utilizadas análises univariada e bivariada com distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central, variabilidade dos dados, testes Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, regressão beta inflacionada. No Grupo 1, a média de idade das mulheres foi de 30 anos, com prevalência da cor branca e a maioria solteira com relação ao estado civil, mas vivia junto com o companheiro há mais de 10 anos, enquanto no Grupo 2, a idade média foi de 27,1 anos com prevalência de cor parda, casada e com tempo de relacionamento entre dois e cinco anos. A escolaridade foi praticamente a mesma nos dois grupos, com uma média de 9,5 anos de estudo. Tanto no Grupo 1 quanto no Grupo 2, a maioria não fumava, nem fazia uso de drogas ilícitas ou bebidas alcoólicas. Enquanto no Grupo 1 a maioria havia feito cesárea, sendo 36,6% dos bebês nascidos prematuros, no Grupo 2, a maioria teve parto vaginal com apenas 7,2% dos bebês nascidos antes de 37 semanas. Das mulheres do Grupo 1, as morbidades materna grave mais frequentes foram as relacionadas aos distúrbios hipertensivos. Não houveram associações entre a ocorrência de morbidade materna grave e a predisposição à disfunção sexual, no entanto, em todos os domínios relacionados à função sexual (desejo, excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação e dor), as mulheres do Grupo 2 tiveram melhores pontuações, no entanto com a regressão Beta inflacionada, foram encontradas associações entre os domínos orgasmo e a variável cor, domínio satisfação e a variável tempo de relacionamento e entre o domínio dor e a morbidade materna grave, demonstrando que esse grupo de mulheres sofre com dispareunia quando comparadas com as mulheres que não tiveram complicações na gestação / The objective of this study was to to evaluate the effects of severe maternal morbidity on sexual and reproductive health of women six months after the event. Cross-sectional observational study carried out in two hospitals in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil: Hospital of the Clinics of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, where the patients who had some kind of complication during pregnancy (Group 1) and Reference Center for Women\'s Health, where low-risk pregnancies (Group 2) are hospitalized, totaling 110 participants, from May 2015 to August 2016. Data collection, which occurred in the same way in both hospitals, was performed in two phases: the first corresponded to the recruitment of the participants while they were still hospitalized after delivery, where the obstetric, neonatal, sociodemographic and reproductive data were obtained directly from the medical record; the second occurred six months after the patients were discharged from the hospital, who were contacted by telephone to schedule home visits, where socio-demographic, economic, gynecological, obstetrical and sexual health data were collected through the Female Sexual Function Index . The data were analyzed through the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and R version 3.1.2. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were used with absolute and relative frequency distributions, central tendency measures, data variability, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests, inflated beta regression. In Group 1, the average age of the women was 30 years, with white prevalence and the majority single in relation to the marital status, but lived with the partner for more than 10 years, while in Group 2, the average age was 27.1 years old, with a prevalence of brown, married and with a relationship between two and five years. Schooling was practically the same in both groups, with an average of 9.5 years of study. In both Group 1 and Group 2, most did not smoke, nor did they use illicit drugs or alcoholic beverages. While in Group 1 the majority had delivered cesarean, with 36.6% of babies born preterm in Group 2, the majority had vaginal delivery with only 7.2% of babies born before 37 weeks. Of the women in Group 1, the most frequent severe maternal morbidities were those related to hypertensive disorders. However, in all domains related to sexual function (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain), there were no associations between the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity and the predisposition to sexual dysfunction, the women in Group 2 had better scores However, with inflated beta regression, associations were found between domains orgasm and color variable, satisfaction domain and time relationship variable, and between pain domain and severe maternal morbidity, demonstrating that this group of women suffers from dyspareunia when compared with women who had no complications during pregnancy

Introdução - O estudo da morbidade materna contribui para um melhor entendimento do quadro da saúde materna, no Brasil, e para o conhecimento dos problemas obstétricos que podem levar (ou não) ao internamento das gestantes. Os dados de morbidade materna são vitais para os gestores de políticas públicas de saúde, os quais precisam saber quantas mulheres necessitam de cuidados obstétricos básicos para tornar a gestação e o parto mais seguros. Objetivos - Estudar a morbidade materna e os conceptos de puérperas numa maternidade da rede pública de João Pessoa, Paraíba, e identificar mulheres com diagnósticos considerados potencialmente graves e sugestivos de morbidade materna near miss. Método - Trata-se de um estudo transversal que fez parte de uma pesquisa maior sobre a morbimortalidade materna. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 414 puérperas por um processo de amostragem aleatória sistemático, cujos dados foram coletados, prospectivamente, de setembro a novembro de 2011, a partir dos prontuários clínicos e entrevistas complementares, numa maternidade pública de referência e acentuada demanda no município. Resultados - Foram estudadas 383 gestações que terminaram em parto e 391 conceptos. Entre as puérperas, predominou a faixa etária dos 20 aos 34 anos, cor parda, baixa escolaridade, baixa renda e sem ocupação formal no mercado de trabalho. Metade delas tiveram parto cesariano e 17 por cento dos recém-nascidos apresentaram problemas de saúde. Foram identificadas as seguintes intercorrências no parto: lacerações do períneo, hematomas, traumatismos, hemorragias e hipertensões. No puerpério, destacaram-se os transtornos hipertensivos, as hemorragias do pós-parto e as infecções. Entre os 64 diagnósticos sugestivos de near miss, estão as síndromes hipertensivas (58 por cento ) e as síndromes hemorrágicas (32,8 por cento ). Na análise comparativa entre os grupos de puérperas com morbidades sugestivas e não sugestivas de near miss, as seguintes variáveis apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,001): problemas de saúde na gestação anterior e atual, hipertensão, gestação de risco e uso de anti-hipertensivos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre as características dos neonatos e a morbidade materna, sugestiva ou não de near miss. Conclusão - O estudo permitiu conhecer as características maternas e a prevalência (15,5 por cento ) de morbidades sugestivas de near miss que ocorrem, seja no parto seja no puerpério. Ampliar o conhecimento sobre os aspectos que envolvem a morbidade materna torna-se crucial para o adequado enfrentamento de complicações no ciclo gravídico-puerperal, além de apoiar o Plano de Ação para acelerar a redução da mortalidade materna e morbidade materna grave. / Introduction The study of maternal morbidity contributes to a better understanding of the maternal health scene in Brazil and to the fuller knowledge of obstetric problems that may lead (or not) to the hospitalization of pregnant women. Maternal morbidity data are vital for the administrators of public health policies, who need to know how many women are expected to need basic obstetric care so as to make pregnancy and delivery safer. Objectives To study maternal morbidity and the conceptuses of puerperae in a public maternity hospital in João Pessoa, Paraíba, and identify women with a diagnosis considered potentially threatening and suggestive of being possible near misses. Method - This is a transverse study that is part of a larger project on maternal morbimortality. A sample of 414 puerperae was selected by a process of systematic random sampling, the data on whom were collected, prospectively, from September to November 2011, on the basis of clinical case notes and complementary interviews, at a public maternity hospital of reference in great demand in the municipality. Results - A total of 383 pregnancies which were carried through to delivery and 391 conceptuses were studied. There predominated, among the puerperas: the 20 - 34 year age-group, of brown skin color, low level of schooling, low income and no formal professional occupation. Half of them underwent caesarian section and 17 per cent of the new-born presented health problems. The following incidents were identified during labour: lacerations of the perineum, haematomas, traumatisms, haemorrhages and hypertensions. During the puerperium, hypertensive disorders, post-partum hemorrhage and other puerperal infections were noteworthy. The most frequent mention in the case notes of maternal causes was of hypertensive disturbances of pregnancy. Among the 64 diagnoses suggestive of near-miss, are the hypertensive (58 per cent ) and the haemorrhagic syndromes (32.8 per cent ). In the comparative analysis of the groups of puerperae with morbidities suggestive of near-miss, the following variables presented statistically significant differences (p<0.001): health problems during the previous and present pregnancy, hypertension, risk pregnancy and use of hypertensive medications. No statistical differences between the characteristics of the newborn and those of maternal morbidity (whether suggestive of near miss or not) were found. Conclusion - The study allowed the identification of maternal characteristics and the prevalence (15.5 per cent ) of the morbidities suggestive of maternal near-miss which occur either during labour or puerperium. It is crucial that our knowledge of the aspects of maternal mortality should be expanded so that the complications of the pregnancy-puerperal cycle may be adequately treated and to provide support for the Action Plan to speed up the reduction of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity.

INTRODUÇÃO: As Nações Unidas lançaram em 2016 os chamados Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Dentre esses objetivos as metas relacionadas à saúde materna e infantil são para redução da mortalidade. O projeto BOLD foi uma coorte para mulheres no período de cuidado intraparto que visava entender, em duas etapas, como melhorar a qualidade do cuidado dispendido a essas gestantes. O presente projeto foi uma análise secundária com dados desse projeto. OBJETIVOS: Validar o conceito de near miss neonatal sugerido por Pileggi-Castro e colaboradores, explorar possível associação entre desfechos graves maternos e neonatais e verificar possível associação entre o estado nutricional materno no momento do parto e desfechos maternos e neonatais graves bem como o comportamento do estado nutricional desta população. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um corte transversal de uma coorte prospectiva realizada em 13 hospitais da Nigéria e Uganda com mulheres no momento do parto. A validação do near miss foi realizada utilizando valores de sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), razão de verossimilhança positiva (RVP) e negativa (RVN) e razão de chances (OR). Foi utilizado o teste de Fisher para análise da associação entre desfechos graves e características maternas selecionadas e um modelo utilizando regressões ordinais e logísticas. RESULTADOS: O presente estudo incluiu 10203 mulheres e validou o conceito de near miss neonatal uma vez que reproduziram achados semelhantes com banco de dados diferente (S=99%, IC 92-100; E= 90%, IC 89-90, RVP= 9,69, IC 9,08-10,34) e RVN 0,02, IC 0,00-0,11; OR 600,6, IC 83,3-4330). Também consolidou a associação entre o desfecho materno e o neonatal graves mostrando uma relação de progressão: quanto mais grave a situação clínica materna durante trabalho de parto maior será a chance de seu recém-nascido ter um desfecho também grave (p<0,05). Além disso, apresentou análises buscando relacionar o estado nutricional da mulher no momento do parto com desfechos graves neonatais e a distribuição do peso materno e neonatal da população estudada. CONCLUSÃO: O conceito de near miss neonatal deve ser utilizado como parâmetro em diversos sistemas de saúde para que as medidas de gravidade neonatal sejam comparáveis entre si. As triagens de mulheres com risco potencial devem ser realizadas como tentativa de mitigar desfechos maternos e neonatais ruins. O estadonutricional das mulheres deve ser levado em consideração ao longo de toda sua gestação, inclusive no momento do parto, visto que ser classificada como obesa previamente ao parto está associado a riscos de o recém-nascido apresentar desfechos graves. Esse estudo estimula pesquisas de implementação para melhoria do cuidado com os dados já existentes bem como estudos epidemiológicos relacionados à classificação do estado nutricional no momento do parto em todos os países visto que essa medida isoladamente pode ser uma importante ferramenta para análise de triagem no momento do parto. / INTRODUCTION: The United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2016. Among these goals, there are two specific for maternal and child\'s health that aims to reduce the mortality. The BOLD project was a cohort for women in the intrapartum period that aimed to understand, in two steps, how to improve the quality of pregnant women\'s care. The present project was a secondary analysis of this project. OBJECTIVES: To validate the concept of neonatal near miss suggested by Pileggi-Castro and colleagues, to explore the association between maternal and neonatal severe outcomes, to verify the possible association between the maternal nutritional status at delivery and maternal and neonatal outcomes, and to understand the behavior of the nutritional status of this population. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional view of a prospective cohort conducted in 13 hospitals in Nigeria and Uganda. The near miss validation was performed using values of sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive (RVP) and negative (RVN) likelihood ratio and odds ratio (OR). Fisher\'s test was used to analyze the association between severe outcomes. We selected maternal characteristics to perform a model of ordinal and logistic regressions. RESULTS: The study included 10,203 women and validated the concept of neonatal near miss using a different database (S=99%, IC 92-100; E= 90%, IC 89-90, RVP= 9.69, IC 9.08-10.34) e RVN 0.02, IC 0.00-0.11; OR 600.6, IC 83.3-4330). We consolidated the association between maternal and neonatal outcomes showing a progression relationship: the more severe the women, the more severe the newborn outcome (p<0.05). We presented the analysis of the nutritional status of women at the time of delivery and we were not able to report an association. We presented the weight distribution of maternal and the newborns of studied population. CONCLUSION: The concept of neonatal near miss should be used as a parameter in different settings, so data can be comparable. Screening for women with potential risk to severe outcome is recommended to mitigate / avoid bad outcomes. Nutritional status is one parameter to be aware of during pregnancy as well as in the time of delivery because this might represent a risk for both mother and baby. This study stimulates implementation research to improve care and epidemiological studies aboutnutritional status in different populations since this measure alone can be a useful tool for screening analysis during delivery.

Orientadores: José Guilherme Cecatti, Maria Laura Costa do Nascimento / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T12:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RochaFilho_EdilbertoAlvesPereirada_D.pdf: 3450916 bytes, checksum: 5ca5edfeffaee70f519ed0df55045f08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de complicações graves e óbitos associadas a gravidez ectópica (GE) e a hemorragias ante e intraparto (HAI) e pós-parto (HPP) entre mulheres da Rede Brasileira de Vigilância de Morbidade Materna Grave. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal multicêntrico realizado em 27 unidades de referência obstétrica no Brasil entre julho de 2009 e junho de 2010. Foi avaliada a ocorrência de condições potencialmente ameaçadoras da vida (CPAV), near miss materno (NMM) e mortes maternas (MM) associadas com GE, HAI e HPP em 9.555 mulheres identificadas como tendo alguma complicação obstétrica. Características sóciodemográficas e obstétricas e o uso de critérios de manejo nestas hemorragias graves também foram avaliados. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP) com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% ajustados para o efeito de cluster e análise de regressão logística múltipla para identificar os fatores associados de forma independente com a ocorrência de resultado materno grave (Severe Maternal Outcome - SMO=NMM+MM). Resultados: Das 9.555 mulheres com complicações obstétricas, 312 (3,3%) tiveram complicações por GE, sendo 286 (91,7%) CPAV, 25 (8,0%) NMM e 1 (0,3%) MM. HPP foi a causa principal entre 1192 mulheres (12,5%), sendo 981 CPAV, 181 NMM e 30 MM. HAI ocorreu em 8% (767) das mulheres que experimentam algum tipo de complicação obstétrica e foi responsável por 7,1% (613) dos casos de CPAV, 18,2 % (140) de NMM e 10% (14) das MM. Mulheres com GE complicada tiveram maior risco de transfusão sanguínea, laparotomia e menor risco de admissão em UTI e tempo prolongado de internação do que mulheres com outras complicações. Houve cuidado deficiente ou demoras no atendimento associado a casos de GE complicados. Os fatores associados ao melhor resultado foram uma cicatriz uterina prévia e ser não branca. Entre as mulheres que apresentaram HPP, a idade materna, idade gestacional precoce, cicatriz uterina anterior e cesariana prévia foram os principais fatores associados com maior risco de ocorrência de SMO. Essas mulheres também tiveram uma maior proporção de transfusão sanguínea e retorno para a sala operatória. Já para as que apresentaram HAI, a idade materna e cesariana anterior foram independentemente associadas a este maior risco. Conclusão: O aumento da morbidade materna devido a GE aumentou a conscientização sobre a doença e seu impacto sobre a vida reprodutiva feminina. A hemorragia pós-parto persiste como uma das principais complicações obstétricas e importante causa de morbidade e morte materna no Brasil. O conhecimento dos fatores associados a um maior risco de ocorrência de SMO pode ser útil para melhorar a qualidade da atenção obstétrica e dos resultados maternos. SMO devido a hemorragia ante e intraparto foi altamente prevalente entre as mulheres brasileiras. Alguns fatores de risco, em particular a idade materna e cesareana prévia, foram associados com a ocorrência desta complicação hemorrágica. Os serviços obstétricos devem desenvolver diretrizes e intervenções específicas para prevenir a morbidade materna grave para cada condição hemorrágica obstétrica específica identificada / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of severe obstetric complications associated with ectopic pregnancy (EP) and antepartum or intrapartum (AIH) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among women in the Brazilian Network for the Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 27 referral obstetric units in Brazil between July 2009 and June 2010. The occurrence of potentially life-threatening conditions (PLTC), maternal near miss (MNM) and maternal death (MD) associated with EP, AIH and HPP were evaluated among 9,555 women identified as having some obstetric complication. Socio demographic and obstetric characteristics and use of management criteria in these severe hemorrhages were also assessed. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with their respective 95% confidence intervals adjusted for the cluster effect and multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with the occurrence of severe maternal outcome (SMO = MNM + MD) . Results: Among the 9,555 women with obstetric complications, 312 (3.3%) had complications due to EP, with 286 (91.7 %) PTLC, 25 (8.0%) MNM and 1 (0.3 %) MD. HPP was the leading cause in 1192 women (12.5 %), with 981 PTLC, 181 MNM and 30 MD. AIH occurred in 8% (767) of women experiencing any type of obstetric complication and accounted for 613 (7.1%) of the PTLC cases, 140 (18.2%) of MNM and 10% (14) of MD. Women with complicated PE had a higher risk of blood transfusion, laparotomy and lower risk of ICU admission and prolonged hospitalization than women with other complications. There was a substandard care or delays associated with cases of complicated EP. The factors associated with a better outcome were a previous uterine scar and to be non-white. Among women who had PPH, maternal age, early gestational age, previous uterine scar and previous cesarean delivery were the main factors associated with a risk of SMO. These women also had a higher proportion of blood transfusion and return to operating room. For those who had AIH, maternal age and previous cesarean section were independently associated with this increased risk. Conclusion: Increased maternal morbidity due to EP raised awareness about the condition and its impact on female reproductive life. Postpartum hemorrhage persists as one of the main obstetric complication and important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in Brazil. The knowledge of factors associated with a severe maternal outcome (SMO=MNM+MD) could be useful for improving the quality of obstetric care and maternal outcomes. SMO due to antepartum and intrapartum hemorrhage was highly prevalent among Brazilian women. Some risk factors, maternal age and prior cesarean delivery in particular, were associated with the occurrence of this hemorrhagic complication. Care providers should develop specific guidelines and interventions to prevent severe maternal morbidity for each specific obstetric hemorrhagic condition identified / Doutorado / Saúde Materna e Perinatal / Doutor em Ciências da Saúde

Near-field optical microscopy has attracted remarkable attention, as it is the only technique that allows the investigation of local optical properties with a resolution far below the diffraction limit. Especially, the scattering-type near-field optical microscopy allows the nondestructive examination of surfaces without restrictions to the applicable wavelengths. However, its usability is limited by the availability of appropriate light sources. In the context of this work, this limit was overcome by the development of a scattering-type near-field microscope that uses a widely tunable free-electron laser as primary light source. In the theoretical part, it is shown that an optical near-field contrast can be expected when materials with different dielectric functions are combined. It is derived that these differences yield different scattering cross-sections for the coupled system of the probe and the sample. Those cross-sections define the strength of the near-field signal that can be measured for different materials. Hence, an optical contrast can be expected, when different scattering cross-sections are probed. This principle also applies to vertically stacked or even buried materials, as shown in this thesis experimentally for two sample systems. In the first example, the different dielectric functions were obtained by locally changing the carrier concentration in silicon by the implantation of boron. It is shown that the concentration of free charge-carriers can be deduced from the near-field contrast between implanted and pure silicon. For this purpose, two different experimental approaches were used, a non-interferometric one by using variable wavelengths and an interferometric one with a fixed wavelength. As those techniques yield complementary information, they can be used to quantitatively determine the effective carrier concentration. Both approaches yield consistent results for the carrier concentration, which excellently agrees with predictions from literature. While the structures of the first system were in the micrometer regime, the capability to probe buried nanostructures is demonstrated at a sample of indium arsenide quantum dots. Those dots are covered by a thick layer of gallium arsenide. For the first time ever, it is shown experimentally that transitions between electron states in single quantum dots can be investigated by near-field microscopy. By monitoring the near-field response of these quantum dots while scanning the wavelength of the incident light beam, it was possible to obtain characteristic near-field signatures of single dots. Near-field contrasts up to 30 % could be measured for resonant excitation of electrons in the conduction band of the indium arsenide dots.