Orientadores: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira, Odalys Garcia Cabrera / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T12:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zaparoli_GustavoHenriqueAlcala_D.pdf: 22559337 bytes, checksum: f8c948505b53f1b1be80dd4146ce6a2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Moniliophthora perniciosa e Moniliophthora roreri são dois fungos basidiomicetos hemibiotróficos que causam as doenças Vassoura-de-Bruxa e Monilíase, respectivamente, em cacaueiros da América Central e do Sul. M. perniciosa ataca meristemas de ramos e frutos em desenvolvimento enquanto M. roreri é capaz de infectar unicamente os frutos, sendo ambas as doenças devastadoras nas plantações afetadas. Nos genomas de M. perniciosa e M. roreri foram encontrados genes que codificam pequenas proteínas secretadas, descritas como efetores, com potencial importância nas interações patógenos- planta, entre eles estão membros das famílias de proteínas NEP-1 like proteins (NLPs) e Ceratoplataninas (CP). As NLPs causam necrose após contato com as células planta e em M. perniciosa identificamos uma cópia (MpNEP2) expressa simultaneamente com os sintomas de necrose da doença. MpNEP2 teve sua estrutura resolvida por cristalografia e apresenta semelhanças com citotoxinas. Identificamos aminoácidos essenciais à atividade de necrose de MpNEP2, e analisamos sua possível dependência de íons. As CPs são proteínas descritas como elicitores de resposta de defesa em plantas, e nas espécies de Moniliophthora parecem ter uma função relacionada à proteção estrutural durante a doença. Análises de expressão mostraram grande diferença entre as cópias identificadas em M. perniciosa. Através da obtenção e análises das estruturas cristalográficas de quatro cópias de MpCPs sugerimos possíveis funções a essa família durante ambas as doenças. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi a compreensão dos mecanismos de ação destas duas classes de elicitores e sua relação no desenvolvimento de cada uma das doenças / Abstract: Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri are two hemibiotrophic fungi that cause Witches' Broom and Frosty Pod Rod Diseases, respectively, in cocoa trees of Central and South America. ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

The difference of envirnomental attitude and behavior between the recyclers and non-recyclers.

Le ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario a présenté sa nouvelle politique en matière d’éducation environnementale en 2009. Elle implique la participation de tous ceux œuvrant au sein du système éducatif, incluant les enseignants. Dès le départ, les enseignants ne sont pas neutres à l’égard de l’environnement. Les valeurs environnementales préalables des enseignants auront-elles un impact sur l’accueil qu’ils réservent pour cette politique? À l’aide de l’échelle du New Ecological Paradigm développé par Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig et Jones (2000), cette étude mesure les valeurs environnementales des enseignants d’un conseil scolaire francophone du Nord de l’Ontario et évalue l’accueil qu’ils réservent à la politique d’éducation environnementale pour ensuite vérifier s’il y a une relation entre ces facteurs. Les résultats démontrent que le groupe accueille la politique de façon plutôt favorable. Les valeurs environnementales semblent exercer une influence sur l’attitude qu’adoptent les enseignants face à celle-ci, mais c’est vraisemblablement dans le niveau d’action qu’ils entreprendront que cette influence se manifestera.

Le ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario a présenté sa nouvelle politique en matière d’éducation environnementale en 2009. Elle implique la participation de tous ceux œuvrant au sein du système éducatif, incluant les enseignants. Dès le départ, les enseignants ne sont pas neutres à l’égard de l’environnement. Les valeurs environnementales préalables des enseignants auront-elles un impact sur l’accueil qu’ils réservent pour cette politique? À l’aide de l’échelle du New Ecological Paradigm développé par Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig et Jones (2000), cette étude mesure les valeurs environnementales des enseignants d’un conseil scolaire francophone du Nord de l’Ontario et évalue l’accueil qu’ils réservent à la politique d’éducation environnementale pour ensuite vérifier s’il y a une relation entre ces facteurs. Les résultats démontrent que le groupe accueille la politique de façon plutôt favorable. Les valeurs environnementales semblent exercer une influence sur l’attitude qu’adoptent les enseignants face à celle-ci, mais c’est vraisemblablement dans le niveau d’action qu’ils entreprendront que cette influence se manifestera.

O presente trabalho analisa a maneira como a noção de encomenda social se apresenta na obra do cineasta soviético Sergei M. Eisenstein (1898-1948), em seu primeiro filme A Greve (Stachka, URSS, 1925) , no âmbito de sua relação com o Construtivismo Russo (vanguarda artística soviética, que perdurou nos primeiros anos da década de 1920) e o movimento da Cultura Proletária (Proletkult) A análise parte da perspectiva proposta pelo historiador François Albera, em Eisenstein et Le Constructivisme Russe (1989), que considera, como fundamento da atividade artística construtivista, sua preocupação com a dimensão social da pratica artística. Para Albera, a noção de encomenda social, na acepção do escritor e dramaturgo Sergei Tretiakov (1892-1937), é um conceito chave para se entender como os artistas construtivistas compreendiam sua missão social. A pesquisa realizada demonstrou que a teoria da \"montagem de atrações\" de Eisenstein se constituiu num modo de construção artística, nos âmbitos do teatro e do cinema, que tinha como diretriz o trabalho com as emoções do espectador. Tal forma de práxis artística, articulada ao conceito de \"encomenda social\", ligava-se à nova escala da luta de classes, na chave posta pela implementação da Nova Política Econômica (NEP). / The present work analyzes how the concept of social command is presented in the work of Soviet filmmaker Sergei M. Eisenstein (1898-1946) in his first film Strike (Stachka, USSR, 1925) - within the sphere of his relationship with Russian Constructivism (Soviet artistic avant-garde, which lasted in the early years of the 1920s) and the Proletarian Culture (Proletkult) movement. The analysis starts with the approach proposed by the historian François Albera, who considers the social dimension of artistic practice as the foundation for constructivist artistic activity. For Albera, the notion of \"social command\" as defined by the writer and dramatist Sergei Tret\'iakov (1892-1937), is a key concept for understanding how constructivist artists understand their social mission. The research presented demonstrates that the theory of \"montage of attractions\", developed by Eisenstein, constitutes a mode of artistic construction which shapes the emotions of the spectator in both theater as well as cinema. This form of artistic practice, articulated by the concept of \"social command\", is linked to a new level of class struggle as produced by the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP).

O presente trabalho analisa a maneira como a noção de encomenda social se apresenta na obra do cineasta soviético Sergei M. Eisenstein (1898-1948), em seu primeiro filme A Greve (Stachka, URSS, 1925) , no âmbito de sua relação com o Construtivismo Russo (vanguarda artística soviética, que perdurou nos primeiros anos da década de 1920) e o movimento da Cultura Proletária (Proletkult) A análise parte da perspectiva proposta pelo historiador François Albera, em Eisenstein et Le Constructivisme Russe (1989), que considera, como fundamento da atividade artística construtivista, sua preocupação com a dimensão social da pratica artística. Para Albera, a noção de encomenda social, na acepção do escritor e dramaturgo Sergei Tretiakov (1892-1937), é um conceito chave para se entender como os artistas construtivistas compreendiam sua missão social. A pesquisa realizada demonstrou que a teoria da \"montagem de atrações\" de Eisenstein se constituiu num modo de construção artística, nos âmbitos do teatro e do cinema, que tinha como diretriz o trabalho com as emoções do espectador. Tal forma de práxis artística, articulada ao conceito de \"encomenda social\", ligava-se à nova escala da luta de classes, na chave posta pela implementação da Nova Política Econômica (NEP). / The present work analyzes how the concept of social command is presented in the work of Soviet filmmaker Sergei M. Eisenstein (1898-1946) in his first film Strike (Stachka, USSR, 1925) - within the sphere of his relationship with Russian Constructivism (Soviet artistic avant-garde, which lasted in the early years of the 1920s) and the Proletarian Culture (Proletkult) movement. The analysis starts with the approach proposed by the historian François Albera, who considers the social dimension of artistic practice as the foundation for constructivist artistic activity. For Albera, the notion of \"social command\" as defined by the writer and dramatist Sergei Tret\'iakov (1892-1937), is a key concept for understanding how constructivist artists understand their social mission. The research presented demonstrates that the theory of \"montage of attractions\", developed by Eisenstein, constitutes a mode of artistic construction which shapes the emotions of the spectator in both theater as well as cinema. This form of artistic practice, articulated by the concept of \"social command\", is linked to a new level of class struggle as produced by the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP).

Orientadores: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira, Sandra Martha Gomes Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T22:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barsottini_MarioRamosdeOliveira_M.pdf: 16356564 bytes, checksum: 9cf8e738f13f95639e35471c9a7da160 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa desperta grande interesse agroeconômico, pois é o agente etiológico da Vassoura-de-Bruxa do cacau. A cultura do cacaueiro é de grande importância no cenário nacional e na América Latina, sendo o entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares desta doença de grande valia. Durante a interação entre patógeno e hospedeiro, o primeiro produz moléculas para evadir ou alterar as respostas normais de defesa do segundo. O sequenciamento do genoma de M. perniciosa levou à identificação de proteínas-chave potencialmente envolvidas no processo patogênico do fungo, dentre as quais, estão: proteínas pertencentes à família das Cerato-plataninas (MpCPs), bem como proteínas pertencentes à família das Necrosis- and Ethylene-inducing Proteins (MpNEPs). As CPs são amplamente associadas à interação fungo-hospedeiro, agindo como toxinas, indutoras de resposta de defesa ou alergenos. As NEPs induzem morte celular e necrose em plantas dicotiledônes através da permeabilização da membrana celular. O objetivo desse projeto foi caracterizar funcionalmente as MpCPs e as MpNEPs, determinando assim sua relevância durante a Vassoura-de-Bruxa. A partir do transcriptoma de M. perniciosa e da análise filogenética das doze MpCPs encontradas, foi revelada uma correlação entre grupos de MpCPs e sua expressão diferencial ao longo da doença. Quatro MpCPs foram clonadas, expressas em sistema heterólogo e tiveram sua estrutura cristalográfica resolvida. Ensaios bioquímicos e biofísicos confirmaram que as MpCPs presentes em diferentes grupos filogenéticos apresentam capacidades distintas no tocante à interação com o açúcar N-acetilglicosamina e de formar agregados ordenados. Estudos funcionais indicaram que estas características estão potencialmente relacionadas ao bloqueio de resposta de defesa da planta e ao crescimento do fungo, respectivamente. Quanto às MpNEPs, somente a isoforma MpNEP2 foi detectada durante a Vassoura-de-Bruxa. A partir da estrutura cristalográfica dessa proteína e ensaios de mutação sítio-dirigida, foi identificado um hairpin hidrofóbico exposto ao solvente, possivelemte associado à ancoragem da MpNEP2 na membrana celular, o qual é tão importante quanto o sítio ativo da proteína para a atividade biológica da mesma / Abstract: Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causal agent of Witches' Broom Disease of cocoa and a major agroeconomic concern in Brazil and Latin America. In order to efficiently control this disease, it is crucial to understand the molecular basis underlying its progression. During the attack to the plant, a pathogen releases molecules to suppress or alter the regular defense response of the host. Results obtained from the genome sequencing of M. perniciosa lead to the identification putative virulence factors belonging to the Cerato-platanin protein family (MpCPs), and to the Necrosis- and Ethylene-inducing Proteins (MpNEPs). CPs are important to fungus-host interaction process, acting as toxins, defense response-inducing molecules or allergens. NEPs are toxin-like pore-forming proteins, which affect only dicot plants. This project aimed at the functional characterization of the MpCPs and MpNEPs, as well as understanding their importance for the Witches' Broom Disease progression. Twelve MpCP-coding genes were identified, and comprehensive transcriptome and phylogenetic analyses showed a correlation between MpCPs evolutionary clusters and their expression patterns throughout the disease. Four representative MpCPs had their crystal structure resolved. Biophysical and biochemical characterizations showed a correlation between the MpCP clusters, regarding sugar (N-acetylglucosamine) binding and protein self-assembling, which are possibly related to plant defense response suppression and hyphal growth, respectively. As for the MpNEPs, only the isoform MpNEP2 was shown to be expressed during the Whitches' Broom Disease. Its crystalloghaphic structure, along with site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays revealed that, besides the protein's active site, an hydrophobic hairpin exposed to te solvent is important to the necrosis-promoting activity, probably mediating the contact of MpNEP2 with the cell membrane / Mestrado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

This thesis focus on the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and its measurement instrument New Ecological Paradigm scale. Thesis introduces the New Ecological Paradigm as opposite type of thinking to the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm and provides historical context of the creation of the revised version of the New Ecological Paradigm scale. We carried out a secondary analysis of the data from survey about the European climate change policy acceptance conducted by Ščasný et al in year 2015. Thesis then examined the extent to which people from the Czech Republic, the Great Britain and the Poland endorse the New Ecological Paradigm and found out that the Czechs have the higher environmental concern than people from the Great Britain and the Poland. Furthermore, this thesis use Cronbach`s and factor analysis to discover, that the New ecological paradigm scale is internally consistent yet multidimensional instrument in case of the three surveyed countries. Regression analysis discovered that not only gender and age are significant socio-demographic predictors for the NEP results as income, education, size of municipality and current occupation are also relevant across the three surveyed countries. Lastly, regression analysis verified that the direct correlation between the general environmental values measured by the...

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Chloroplasten höherer Pflanzen haben kleine Genome. Trotzdem ist ihre Transkriptionsmaschinerie sehr komplex. Plastidäre Gene werden von plastidenkodierten (PEP) und kernkodierten RNA-Polymerasen (NEP) transkribiert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Promotoren plastidärer Gene und Operons von Arabidopsis thaliana charakterisiert. Zur Unterscheidung zwischen NEP- und PEP-Promotoren wurden erstmals spectinomycinbehandelte, chlorophylldefiziente Arabidopsis-Pflanzen mit fehlender PEP-Aktivität verwendet. Obwohl für einige Gene auch einzelne Promotoren lokalisiert wurden, wird die Transkription der meisten plastidären Gene und Operons an multiplen Promotoren initiiert. Der Vergleich plastidärer Promotoren von Tabak und Arabidopsis zeigte eine hohe Vielfältigkeit der Promotornutzung, die möglicherweise auch in anderen höheren Pflanzen vorkommt. Dabei stellt die individuelle Promotornutzung eine speziesspezifische Kontrollmöglichkeit der plastidären Genexpression dar. Das Kerngenom von Arabidopsis beinhaltet zwei Kandidatengene der NEP, RpoTp und RpoTmp, welche Phagentyp-RNA-Polymerasen kodieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Wirkung veränderter RpoTp-Aktivität auf die Nutzung von NEP- und PEP-Promotoren in transgenen Arabidopsis-Pflanzen mit verminderter und fehlender RpoTp-Aktivität untersucht. Im Keimlingsstadium konnten Unterschiede in der Promotornutzung zwischen Wildtyp und Mutanten beobachtet werden. Fast alle NEP-Promotoren wurden in Pflanzen mit verringerter oder fehlender RpoTp-Aktivität genutzt. Dabei zeigten nur einige von ihnen eine geringere Aktivität, andere wiederum waren sogar verstärkt aktiv. Der starke NEP-Promotor des essentiellen ycf1 Gens wurde in jungen Keimlingen ohne funktionelle RpoTp nicht genutzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass NEP gemeinsam von beiden Phagentyp-RNA-Polymerasen RpoTp und RpoTmp repräsentiert wird und dass beide sowohl eine überlappende, als auch eine spezifische Rolle in der Transkription plastidärer Gene innehaben. / Although chloroplasts of higher plants have small genomes, their transcription machinery is very complex. Plastid genes of higher plants are transcribed by the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase PEP and the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerases NEP. Here, promoters of plastid genes and operons have been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. For the first time spectinomycin-treated, chlorophyll-deficient Arabidopsis plants lacking PEP activity have been used to discriminate between NEP and PEP promoters. Although there are plastid genes that are transcribed from a single promoter, the transcription of plastid genes and operons by multiple promoters seems to be a common feature. Comparison of plastid promoters from tobacco and Arabidopsis revealed a high diversity, which my also apply to other plants. The diversity in individual promoter usage in different plants suggests that there are species-specific solutions for attaining control over gene expression in plastids. The nuclear genome of Arabidopsis contains two candidate genes for NEP transcription activity, RpoTp and RpoTmp, both coding for phage-type RNA polymerases. In this study the usage of NEP and PEP promoters has been analysed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with reduced and lacking RpoTp activity. Differences in promoter usage between wild type and mutant plants were most obvious early in development. Nearly all NEP promoters were active in plants with low or lacking RpoTp activity, though certain promoters showed reduced or even increased usage. The strong NEP promoter of the essential ycf1 gene was not transcribed in young seedlings without functional RpoTp. These results provide evidence for NEP being represented by two phage-type RNA polymerases RpoTp and RpoTmp that have overlapping as well as specific functions in the transcription of plastid genes.