Koldioxidhalterna stiger i världen, vilket bidrar till global uppvärmning. Skogen har en viktig roll i klimatarbetet då stora mängder kol finns lagrad i skog och mark. Speciellt mycket kol finns i boreal skog, som bland annat finns i norra Sverige. Idag pågår en debatt huruvida det är mer fördelaktigt att behålla gammal skog som kolsänka, eller avverka den för att ge plats åt yngre träd. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att ge en klargörande bild över hur åldern på boreal skog påverkar ekosystemets kolbalans, genom att undersöka skogens kolupptagningshastighet samt möjlighet till kollagring. Studien visade att äldre skog har ett större totalt kollager, att medelåldrig skog har högst tillväxthastighet (nettoekosystemproduktion, NEP och nettoprimärproduktion, NPP) samt att NEP är negativ de första 10 åren. Studien visade på osäkerhet kring kolupptag i gamla skogar. Flera variabler, såsom substitution, störningar och biologisk mångfald är inte undersökta i studien och behövs tas i beaktning vid beslutsfattande. Trots detta, antyder litteraturstudien att det är fördelaktigt att låta gammal skog stå kvar som kolsänka, eftersom koldioxidutsläppen behöver minska snarast. Ytterligare ett syfte med studien var att kartlägga de missuppfattningar elever, i senare delen av skolan, har gällande kolets kretslopp. Studien visade på missuppfattningar gällande fotosyntes och respiration hos växter, nedbrytarnas roll samt sammanblandning av begrepp. För att åtgärda problemet kan uppgifter göras där atomer följs över olika nivåer, för att sätta processerna i sitt sammanhang. Stort fokus gällande missuppfattningarna ligger på fotosyntes och respiration och inga artiklar hittades gällande exempelvis det snabba, respektive långsamma, kretsloppet. Få studier är gjorda på svenska elever och då svensk kursplan lägger fokus på samband mellan olika nivåer kan missuppfattningarna vara i annorlunda i Sverige. Hur missuppfattningarna ser ut i svensk skola är föremål för vidare forskning. / The amount of carbon dioxide is rising in the atmosphere, which contributes, to global warming. Since large amounts of carbon are stored in forests, forests play an important part the efforts to improve the environment. Boreal forests, found in e.g. the northern part of Sweden, store especially large amounts of carbon. Today it is being debated whether it is more beneficial for the environment to keep old forests as a carbon sink, or to cut them down in order to make room for younger trees. The purpose of this literature study was to clarify how the age of the forest affects the carbon balance of the ecosystem, by examining the forest’s rate of carbon sequestration and capability of carbon storage. The literature study concluded that older forests, in total, store larger amounts of carbon, while middle-aged forests have he highest growth rate (net ecosystem production, NEP, and gross primary production, GPP) and that NEP is negative in the first ten years. The study showed some uncertainty concerning carbon uptake in old forests. Several variables, such as the effects of substitution, disturbances and biodiversity were not examined in this study and need to be further considered before making decisions. However, the literature study suggests that it is more beneficial to leave old forests as a carbon sink, since emissions of carbon dioxide urgently need to be reduced. Another purpose of the study was to examine the misconceptions that students, in the later school years, have regarding the carbon cycle. This study found misconceptions concerning photosynthesis and respiration in plants, the role of decomposers, as well as getting concepts mixed up with one another. To solve this problem, assignments could be designed where atoms are traced between different levels, in order to put the processes in context. A large part of the focus regarding these misconceptions has been on photosynthesis and respiration and no articles were found regarding e.g. the fast; and the slow; carbon cycle. Few studies of Swedish students have been made and since the Swedish curriculum focuses on the relationship between different levels, the misconceptions might be different in Sweden; what these misconceptions could be in Swedish schools is yet to be investigated.

In this thesis I synthesized different aspects related to diversity, distribution, uses and conservation of medicinal plants in Nepal and also have attempted to recommend guidelines for sustainability of two highly used alpine plant species. The over-harvesting or human induced activities are not the only problem for biodiversity but recently invasion of alien species has also emerged as serious problem in Nepal. I thus also attempted to analyze the effect of invasive species on community composition in the last paper. The first two papers deal with diversity, distribution, uses and harvesting. Paper I showed that medicinal plants in Nepal have unimodal relationship with elevation and the maximum total species richness is at 1000 m. Paper II which deals with the uses of medicinal plants in the Humla region, west Nepal showed that there are 161 medicinal plant species belonging to 61 families and 106 genera used for treating 72 human and 7 veterinary ailments. Medicinal plants in Humla were mostly collected in wild. This induces a serious threat to diversity of the medicinal plants and it is therefore necessary to develop proper management guidelines for their harvesting in wild and/or their domestication. Rheum australe, an endemic plant to west Himalayan region, is widely used plant in traditional...

Les ARN polymérases de type phagique, codées dans le noyau (NEP ; Nuclear Encoded RNA Polymerase), assurent une partie de la transcription du génome plastidial des végétaux supérieurs. Ces travaux mettent en évidence l'existence d'une nouvelle famille de protéines d'A. thaliana susceptibles d'interagir avec les NEP des plantes dicotylédones : les protéines NIP (NEP Interacting Protein). Les protéines NIP sont retrouvées uniquement dans les végétaux supérieurs et leur synthèse est dépendante de la lumière. Elles présentent un domaine d'interaction protéine-protéine RING finger en C-terminal. Nous avons montré pour la première fois par immunodétection que ces protéines sont intégrées aux membranes thylacoïdiennes et qu'elles retiennent probablement les NEP plastidiales à la surface de la membrane. Cette interaction avec les membranes pourrait apporter une nouvelle vision du fonctionnement des NEP dans le chloroplaste des plantes dicotylédones.

This study renders the current frame of global climate change policies as a mirror of a new era, marked by surpass of the once absolute limits to growth towards humanity&rsquo / s management and optimization of natural processes of the planet. A total of 24 interviews were realized with Turkish governmental and non-governmental experts on climate change, after application of a two-staged environmental attitude and policy questionnaire. Critical discourse analysis of interviews was performed to elaborate the results of the attitude and policy tests. Results demonstrate an assigned core value for technology as a means to survive the foreseen ecological crisis besides the given role of technology as a means to economic development. The reign of the discourse of sustainable development in Turkish expert discourse is actualized through frames of technological progress and efficiency. Another dominant discourse is the one of national interests, which is discussed in the context of international politics of North-South conflict. The gap between the environmental attitudes of experts and their choices of policy responses and institutional practices is also discussed.

This thesis presents a theoretically informed social history of the New Zealand Needle Exchange Programme (NEP) which has operated since 1988. Close attention is paid to how this 'harm reduction' programme demonstrates a pattern of 'peer-professional' hybridity - a form of quasiprofessionalism developed by injecting drug user (IDU) peers who began operating private needle exchanges funded by both illicit clients and state agencies. In this hybrid mechanism, the personal distrust required to pursue 'criminal' motivations has been connected, through the vulnerable yet influential intermediaries of peers and syringes, to the trust required to 'empower' the health of marginalised IDU communities. This research has drawn on immersed participant experience and on accounts from archival documents, supported by interviews. A reworking of actor-network methodologies has provided a core analytical approach to tracing the critical moments and boundary-shifts in the development and realignments of the NEP's hybrid heterogeneous assemblages. The assembling and reassembling has entangled policy goals, technologies, historical reviews, stigma, laws, logics, logistic systems, narratives, organisations, sterile and bloody syringes, monitoring systems, and professional occupations. IDU, health policy officials, peerprofessionals, managers, politicians, HIV/AIDS community organisers, and medical professionals have prevented HIV transmission by altering key strategic connections and alignments within this active network, while pursuing their public-private interests. The peer-professionals have publicly represented IDU, have advocated professionally for inclusive rather than exclusive public health provisions, while guaranteeing that the monitoring of syringes by state agencies would not harm IDU. The difficulties in shaping and stabilising the NEP have illustrated the 'messy reality' of its institutional and policy environment, yet have also led to highly successful and sustainable health promotion work.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-02T23:09:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RivaniaDeSousaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2004192 bytes, checksum: 2840cc3f72071ca42052f652cfd4025b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-04T23:11:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RivaniaDeSousaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2004192 bytes, checksum: 2840cc3f72071ca42052f652cfd4025b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T23:11:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RivaniaDeSousaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2004192 bytes, checksum: 2840cc3f72071ca42052f652cfd4025b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / Esta investiga??o realizada no Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia da Para?ba ? IFPB, C?mpus Jo?o Pessoa objetivou analisar o processo de inclus?o de estudantes com defici?ncia nos cursos superiores a partir da implanta??o da A??o Educa??o, Tecnologia e Profissionaliza??o para Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (A??o TEC NEP). Inicia com a discuss?o a respeito da educa??o profissional e da educa??o especial numa perspectiva inclusiva, voltada para pessoas com defici?ncia, no contexto hist?rico dessas duas modalidades de educa??o, considerando o cen?rio mundial e a pol?tica educacional brasileira vigente. Apresenta a A??o TEC NEP no ?mbito nacional e local, atrav?s da an?lise dos documentos oficiais com o prop?sito de conhecer e avaliar o processo de inclus?o escolar no IFPB C?mpus Jo?o Pessoa. O referencial te?rico utilizado contribuiu na an?lise das pol?ticas voltadas para a inclus?o nas institui??es de ensino superior da rede federal de educa??o profissional. A metodologia empregada apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa dos dados, atrav?s do m?todo Estudo de Caso, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a observa??o espont?nea, entrevistas e an?lise documental, tendo como participantes alunos com defici?ncia dos cursos superiores do IFPB C?mpus Jo?o Pessoa atendidos pelo NAPNE. Os resultados a partir dos dados analisados apontam para a constata??o de que os alunos participantes dessa pesquisa avaliam positivamente seu processo de inclus?o escolar na institui??o investigada apesar das dificuldades e entraves especialmente das barreiras arquitet?nicas. Conclui-se que a cria??o do N?cleo de Atendimento ?s Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NAPNE), atrav?s da A??o TEC NEP teve fundamental import?ncia para pautar na institui??o a discuss?o acerca da inclus?o dando maior visibilidade ?s demandas dos alunos com defici?ncia para facilitar o acesso, a perman?ncia e o sucesso acad?mico desses alunos no IFPB c?mpus Jo?o Pessoa. / The current research developed in the Federal Institute of Para?ba ? IFPB, Jo?o Pessoa C?mpus, aimed at analyzing the inclusion of students with disabilities in undergraduate courses based on the TEC NEP Action. It departs from the discussion about professional and special education in an inclusive perspective, focusing on people with disabilities, in the social context of these two modalities of education, considering the world scenario and the current Brazilian educational policy. It discusses the TEC NEP Action within the national and local context through the analysis of the official documents with the objective of getting familiarized and evaluating the process of educational inclusion in the IFPB Jo?o Pessoa C?mpus. The theoretical reference used contributed to the analysis of the policy which focused on inclusion in federal undergraduate institutions for professional education. The methodology used presents a qualitative analysis, having as subject of the research students with disabilities from undergraduate courses in the IFPB Jo?o Pessoa C?mpus who are supported by NAPNE. The results based on the analyzed data show that volunteer students from this research evaluate their process of inclusion in the appointed institution as positive, in spite of challenges specially the ones related to architectural barriers. It is concluded that the foundation of the House for Supporting People with Special Education Needs ? (NAPNE) through the TEC NEP Action had crucial importance in the basis for the discussion about inclusion in the institution, widening the vision towards the demands of students with disabilities in order to facilitate access, permanence and academic success of these students.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-25T22:50:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GilvanaGalenoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 2855248 bytes, checksum: 1dfe667055269d88aa9c8db8e8f4c149 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-27T21:27:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GilvanaGalenoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 2855248 bytes, checksum: 1dfe667055269d88aa9c8db8e8f4c149 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T21:27:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilvanaGalenoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 2855248 bytes, checksum: 1dfe667055269d88aa9c8db8e8f4c149 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a realidade em que se encontram os N?cleos de Atendimento ?s Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NAPNE), implantados no ?mbito do Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) atrav?s do Programa de Educa??o, Tecnologia e Profissionaliza??o para Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (Programa TEC NEP). Para alcance da meta proposta, optou-se por uma pesquisa explorat?ria, com uma abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada como estudo de campo. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de informa??es coletadas em question?rios respondidos por treze coordenadores de NAPNEs de diferentes campi do IFRN e tratadas por meio da an?lise de conte?do. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que a cria??o do Programa TEC NEP significou um grande avan?o para as pol?ticas de inclus?o no IFRN. No entanto, dificuldades tamb?m foram apontadas pelos coordenadores participantes, como: falta de estrutura f?sica, de recursos materiais e humanos e de ordem financeira, dentre outras, as quais foram barreiras ? implementa??o e atua??o dos NAPNEs. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the reality of the Service Centers for People with Special Educational Needs (NAPNEs) implanted at Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) through a Professional Education Program in Technology for People with Special Educational Needs (TEC NEP Program). To reach the proposal we opted for an exploratory research with a qualitative approach characterized as a field of study. Data were obtained from questionnaires answered by thirteen (13) NAPNEs coordinators of different IFRN campuses and examined using content analysis. The survey results show that the creation of the TEC NEP program was an important step for inclusion policies in IFRN. However, difficulties were also identified by participants as coordinators: lack of physical infrastructure, human and material resources and financial matters, among others, as barriers to implementation and performance of NAPNEs. Keywords: TEC NEP Program, Professional Education, Inclusion, People with disabilities.

Orientadores: Gonçalo A. Guimarães Pereira, Francisco Javier Medrano Martin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T07:53:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cabrera_OdalysGarcia_D.pdf: 6336814 bytes, checksum: 10a8f8e8b80239f363cbb4eda5d2746e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A doença Vassoura-de-bruxa do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao) é causada pelo fungo basidiomiceto Moniliophthora perniciosa e atualmente constitui um dos maiores problemas fitopatológicos do Brasil. Análises do genoma de M. perniciosa permitiram identificar três genes codificadores para proteínas indutoras de necrose e etileno (NEPs) descritas em oomicetos, bactérias e alguns fungos ascomicetos. Os genes codificadores das proteínas NEP de M. perniciosa (MpNEPs) parecem estar localizados no mesmo cromossomo e foram nomeados 1 e 2 (o terceiro gene está incompleto) segundo a descoberta no genoma (1) ou em uma biblioteca de cDNA de interação M. perniciosa-cacaueiro (2). Os genes codificadores para estas proteínas foram clonados, e expressos usando um sistema de expressão heterólogo em E. coli produzindo proteínas de fusão a cauda de histidinas. As proteínas recombinantes foram purificadas usando colunas de afinidade a metais. MpNEP1 e MpNEP2 apresentam alta similaridade em sua seqüência de aminoácidos e são capazes de induzir necrose e síntese de etileno tanto em folhas de tabaco quanto em cacau. Ambas as MpNEPs apresentam perfis de expressão diferencial nas fases de vida do fungo: MpNEP1 é expressa de forma similar nas fases biotrófica e saprofítica enquanto que MpNEP2 é mais expressa na fase biotrófica. Importantes diferenças no comportamento físico das proteínas foram detectadas: MpNEP1 se comporta como um agregado (dímero ou trímero) em solução e é sensível a tratamento térmico enquanto que MpNEP2 se comporta como monômero e mantém a atividade de necrose depois de submetida a altas temperaturas. Estas diferenças sugerem que estas proteínas podem ter funções complementares durante o desenvolvimento da doença. Esta é a primeira vez que se descreve a presença desta família de proteínas em fungos basidiomicetos e seu estudo pode ser de grande importância para a compreensão dos mecanismos da doença Vassoura-de-bruxa / Abstract: The hemibiotrophic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causal agent of Witches¿ broom disease of Theobroma cacao, which constitutes one of the main phytopathological problems of Brazil. An analysis of the M. perniciosa draft genome led to the identification of three putative genes encoding Necrosis and Ethylene inducing Proteins, which have been described in oomycetes, bacteria, and some species of ascomycetous fungi. The NEP proteins of M. perniciosa (MpNEPs) are apparently located on the same chromosome and were named 1 and 2 according to their discovery in the genome (1) or in a cDNA library containing transcripts from the interaction M. perniciosa-cacao (2). The genes codifying MpNEPs were cloned and expressed using a heterologous expression system in E. coli producing recombinant proteins with a minimal N-terminal His-tagged fusion peptide. MpNEPs were purified using nickel affinity columns. MpNEP1 and 2 have highly similar amino acid sequences and are able to induce necrosis and ethylene emission in both tobacco and cacao leaves. These MpNEPs showed different expression profiles according to the developmental stage of the fungus: MpNEP1 was expressed in a similar way in the biotrophic and saprotrophic mycelias, while MpNEP2 was preferentially expressed in the biotrophic phase. Furthermore, important differences were also detected in the physical properties of these two proteins. MpNEP1 in solution behaves as an oligomer (dimer or trimer) and is very sensitive to temperature. On the other hand, MpNEP2 in solution behaves as a monomer and is able of rapid renaturation after boiling, thus keeping its necrotic activity. These differences indicate that these highly similar NEPs may have complementary roles during disease development. This is the first report of NEP1-like proteins in basidiomycetes and their study will be of great importance in order to acquire a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Witches¿ broom disease / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12985号 / 論農博第2825号 / 新制||農||1038(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N4960(農学部図書室) / 32455 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科林学専攻 / (主査)教授 谷 誠, 教授 北山 兼弘, 教授 舟川 晋也 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM