Thesis (M.N.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1997. / Bibliography: leaves 133-151.

VALE, Antonio Maia Olsen do. Comportamento alimentar anormal e práticas inadequadas para controle de peso entre adolescentes do sexo feminino de Fortaleza. 2002. 129 f . Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Pública)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2002. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2011-10-31T12:52:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2002_dis_amovale.pdf: 372471 bytes, checksum: 8e09fd83f72ad8264a8ea6797d2f7be8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Nascimento(elienegvn@hotmail.com) on 2011-11-01T13:34:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2002_dis_amovale.pdf: 372471 bytes, checksum: 8e09fd83f72ad8264a8ea6797d2f7be8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-01T13:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2002_dis_amovale.pdf: 372471 bytes, checksum: 8e09fd83f72ad8264a8ea6797d2f7be8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Objectives: characterize eating habits and possible risk factors associated with Eating Disorders, amongst female adolescents in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. Methodology: transversal study, with 652 women between 14 and 20 years of age, students of the second year of Middle-level education. The Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE), the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used. Results: 73.6% of the subjects are out of risk for development of an Eating Disorder, 25.2% are at risk and in 1.2% a strong possibility of eating disorder in course was found. The proportion of adolescents who showed risky habits was greater in private schools (p<0.05). According to the EAT-26, 9% of the sample showed a score (>=21) which characterizes them as being at risk and practicing pathological eating habits. The BSQ indicated that 36.2% of the adolescents showed concern with their body image (BI); of these, 61% (n=236) were concerned to a degree considered mild, 26.3% showed a moderate concern and 12.7% showed serious concern with BI. Students at public and private schools demonstrated a similar desire to be thin, but adolescents from private schools more frequently used inappropriate practices in order to reach that wish. Conclusion: Adolescents who demonstrate eating disorders in their clinical form, are a rare phenomenon in public and private schools in Fortaleza, whilst the symptoms of eating disorder, either isolated or in small groups, occur with relevant frequency amongst the population studied. / Objetivo: caracterizar práticas alimentares e os possíveis fatores de risco associados aos Transtornos Alimentares, entre estudantes adolescentes do sexo feminino de Fortaleza-CE. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 652 mulheres de 14 a 20 anos, estudantes do 2º ano do segundo grau. Foram utilizados o Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE), o Body Shape Questionaire (BSQ) e o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Resultados: Das adolescentes, 73,6% estão fora de risco para o desenvolvimento de um Transtorno Alimentar, 25,2% delas estão em situação de risco e em 1,2% foram encontrados indicativos para a ocorrência de um transtorno alimentar. A proporção de adolescentes que apresentaram práticas de risco foi superior nas escolas particulares (p<0,05). Segundo o EAT-26, 9% da amostra apresentam uma pontuação (>=21) que caracteriza um estado de situação de risco, além de atitudes alimentares patológicas. O BSQ apontou que 36,2% das adolescentes apresentam preocupação com a imagem corporal; destas 61% tiveram uma preocupação considerada de grau leve, 26,3% apresentaram uma moderada preocupação e 12,7% apresentaram uma grave preocupação com a imagem corporal. A proporção de adolescentes que apresentam preocupação com a imagem corporal em colégios particulares (43%) foi superior à proporção das que estudam em colégios públicos (32,3%), ou seja, a ocorrência de adolescentes com alteração de imagem corporal é maior nos colégios particulares (p<0,05). As estudantes de colégios públicos e particulares demonstraram um desejo similar de serem magras, mas as adolescentes de colégios particulares usam de forma mais freqüente práticas inapropriadas para alcançar este desejo. Conclusão: Adolescentes que apresentam todos os critérios diagnósticos para caracterizar um transtorno alimentar são uma ocorrência rara em escolas públicas e privadas de Fortaleza, enquanto que os sintomas de transtorno alimentar, apresentando-se em pequena mas preocupante quantidade, ocorrem numa freqüência relevante entre a população estudada.

Eating-disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. To date, little research has been conducted that might provide clinicians with an understanding of the critical factors that may aid clients' recovery. Such factors may be used by clinicians to better motivate clients to collaborate in treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify some of the critical factors that women with eating disorders believed were crucial in prompting or facilitating their recovery. Identification of these factors was accomplished through a systematic content analysis of semistructured interviews with recovered or recovering bulimics and anorexics. This study may contribute significantly to future research into the development of motivational supplements to eating disorder therapy (e.g., psychoeducational materials or therapy orientation programs). Of interest were what personal, interpersonal, or environmental factors anorexic and bulimic clients reported increased their motivation to recover, and prompted them to begin the recovery process, maintain recovery, and cope with the threat ofrelapse. Also, factors that subjects reported hindered their progress in recovery were examined. The anorexic and bulimic subjects reported social support as a critical factor across three stages of recovery, including beginning recovery, maintaining recovery, and coping with relapse. Being "tired" of the disorder and therapy were indicated to be relevant to beginning recovery. Improved self-esteem was deemed significant in helping subjects both maintain recovery and cope with the threat of relapse. Establishing healthy eating habits and attitudes was a necessary factor required to maintain recovery. Subjects shared that developing healthy ways to deal with emotions enabled them to deal successfully with the threat of relapse. Anorexic subjects reported that people and societal expectations, fear of becoming fat, incentive to numb emotions, and poor eating habits and attitudes impeded their recovery. Bulimic subjects indicated that people and societal expectations, incentive to numb emotions, lack of understanding, and poor eating habits and attitudes hindered their recovery.

Ziel: Das Ziel der explorativen Studie war es, erwachsene Patientinnen mit restriktiver bzw. bulimischer Anorexie oder Bulimie mit einer starken Inanspruchnahme von stationären Versorgungsleistungen, sogenannte Heavy User (HU), die eine vollstationäre Behandlung in der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg erhalten haben, zu beschreiben, soziodemographische sowie erkrankungsbezogene somatische und kognitive Charakteristika darzustellen und die Ergebnisse mit einer Kontrollgruppe aus Patientinnen mit dem gleichen Störungsbild, aber einer geringeren Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Versorgungsangebote, den Nicht-Heavy Usern (NHU), zu vergleichen. Teilnehmer und Methode: 23 anorektische bzw. bulimische Heavy User-Patientinnen, die sich im Zeitraum der Datenerhebung (1997-2008) zum mindestens dritten Mal in einer stationären Therapie aufgrund ihrer Essstörung befanden, und eine Vergleichsgruppe von 13 Nicht-Heavy User-Patientinnen mit höchstens einem stationären Voraufenthalt wurden in dieser Studie untersucht. Allgemein- und neurologischer Status sowie die Laborparameter zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt und die Auswertungen der kranialen CTs bzw. MRTs sowie der kognitiven Testverfahren zu Beginn der Therapie und vor der Entlassung wurden analysiert und miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse und Schlußfolgerung: Die anorektischen und bulimischen Heavy User weisen viele auffällige somatische Befunde, von der Norm abweichende Laborparameter sowie im Falle der anorektischen Heavy User eine häufig bestehende Hirnatrophie auf. Darüber hinaus zeigen sie eine Reihe von kognitiven Defiziten in verschiedenen Bereichen. Am stärksten davon betroffen sind die restriktiv anorektischen Heavy User. Die Ausprägungen der untersuchten pathologischen Befunde unterscheiden sich jedoch nicht signifikant von denen der Nicht-Heavy User. Spezifische Eigenschaften der Heavy User, die es zulassen, sie von einem Nicht-Heavy User abzugrenzen, wurden nicht gefunden. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um andere typische Merkmale der Heavy User zu eruieren, damit sie möglichst frühzeitig identifiziert und ihnen für sie geeignetere alternative Behandlungsmöglichkeiten angeboten werden können. / Objective: The objective of this explorative study was to describe female adult patients with restricting- respectively purging-type anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa with a high use of hospital services, so called heavy users, who received full inpatient treatment in the Clinics and Polyclinics for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of the University Hospital of Würzburg, to show sociodemographic and disease-related somatic and cognitive characteristics and to compare the results with a control group of female patients with the same disorder, but a reduced demand of healthcare offerings, the non-heavy users. Patients and Methods: 23 anorectic respectively bulimic female heavy user patients, who were for at least the third time in inpatient treatment due to their eating disorder, and a comparison group of 13 female non-heavy user patients with a maximum of one inpatient prior stay were studied. General and neurological status, as well as the laboratory parameters at the time of exposure and the evaluation of the cranial CTs or MRTs plus the cognitive test methods at the beginning of the therapy and before discharge were analysed and compared with each other. Results and Conclusion: The anorectic and bulimic heavy users show a lot of noticeable somatic findings, laboratory parameters deviating from the norm and in case of the anorectic heavy users an often existing atrophy of the brain. Furthermore they present a series of cognitive deficits in various sectors. The most affected are the heavy users with restricting-type anorexia nervosa. The manifestations of the examined pathological findings are not significantly different from those of the non-heavy users. Specific characteristics of the heavy users which permit to differentiate them from a non-heavy user were not found. Further studies are necessary, to determine other typical features of heavy users, in order to identify them as early as possible and offer them more suitable alternative treatment options.

Eating disorders fall within the top nine health ailments affecting young people today. These illnesses such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified affect a large number of people, particularly female adolescents. The disorders can further cause complications in one’s health, systemically and orally, sometimes resulting in death. The purpose of this paper is to closely examine published studies examining the link between eating disorders and oral health. Multiple studies have found that patients suffering from eating disorders are more likely to develop tooth erosion. Behaviors often found in eating disorder patients such as self-induced vomiting and ingestion of highly acidic diets can lead to such enamel loss, a condition that is irreversible. Other researchers disagree about whether eating disorders can lead to an increase in dental caries, with some finding amplification and others finding no significant results. Parotid gland swelling is another side effect of eating disorders but this complication often recedes once the unhealthy behavior is halted. Most studies have not yet found a link between these illnesses and increased periodontal disease. However, they do seem to lead to decreased unstimulated salivary flow rates. Furthermore, it also appears that the disorders lead to augmented levels of S. mutans and Lactobacilli. One’s oral mucosa can also be affected via angular cheilitis and oral candidiasis. Additionally, eating disorders may serve as a risk factor for bone and joint disorders such as osteoporosis and temporomandibular joint disorders, respectively. The illnesses may show effect outside the oral cavity through Russell’s sign on one’s knuckles and oral function may be impaired. With all these possible oral complications being some of the first to indicate the presence of an eating disorder, dentists may be integral to identifying and stopping the progression of the disease. However, it has been suggested that eating disorder patients may have greater dental anxiety keeping them from visiting the dentist in the first place, let alone divulging their disease to their dentist. Furthermore, oral health professionals may not be adequately prepared to notice the presence of an eating disorder. Dental schools must do more to teach future oral health professionals about eating disorders, especially in the clinic, as simple suggestions like avoiding brushing one’s teeth immediately after participating in self-induced vomiting may help to reduce the likelihood of enamel erosion. Through this analysis it was determined that while sufficient baseline research has been done, there is still a great deal more to learn about how eating disorders affect one’s oral health. There are multiple forms of diagnostic criteria that could possibly prevent patients from receiving the best treatment possible. Furthermore, more research needs to be done on disorders other than Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa as not every patient falls under these two categories. Since it has been shown that certain types of medication can decrease one’s salivary flow rate, future studies need to also consider any medication that patients may be on. In order to really aid those affected by eating disorders, men should be considered as future subjects too, since most studies have currently only focused on women. By completing more research on eating disorders and their consequences on oral health, health care professionals will be better able to serve those affected.

Bakgrund: Trots att alla äter har samhället svårt att förstå tanken av oreglerat ätande. Ätstörningar är ett stort och växande problem runt om i världen, och med förändrade sociokulturella normer och ideal ställs orealistiska krav på många människor, i synnerhet unga kvinnor. Dessa förväntningar tvingar kvinnor att ta till extrema metoder för att gå ner i vikt, följt av en vardag som präglas av dåligt självförtroende och andra psykiska konsekvenser. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av anorexia nervosa. Metod: Tio kvalitativa studier har kvalitetsgranskats, analyserats och sammanställts till litteraturstudiens resultat. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i tre kategorier och elva underkategorier. Resultatet visar att de bakomliggande orsakerna upplevs vara en kombination mellan låg självkänsla, lågt självförtroende och yttre förväntningar och påtryckningar. Anorexia nervosa upplevs som ett funktionellt verktyg, men övergår med tiden till en kontrollerande sjukdom som måste förgöras. Konklusion: Att leva med anorexia nervosa präglas av ambivalens och förvirring. Det är svårt att släppa taget om något som har blivit ens identitet. Litteraturstudiens resultat kan ge vårdpersonal ökad kunskap om hur det är att leva med anorexia nervosa och därmed få bättre förutsättningar för att ge stöd och god omvårdnad.

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Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om ortorexi enligt studiens definition förekommer bland gymnasieelever i årskurs tre. Frågeställningar: 1. Uppvisar gymnasieeleverna en kostfixering enligt ORTO-15? 2. Uppvisar gymnasieeleverna ett träningsberoende enligt Exercise Dependence Scale-21? 3. Uppvisar gymnasieeleverna ett ortorektiskt beteende enligt studiens definition?  Metod: Detta är en kvantitativ studie med enkät som insamlingsmetod. Totalt åtta randomiserat utvalda kommunala gymnasieskolor inom Stockholms kommun deltog. Två olika tester användes; ett om kostfixering (ORTO-15) och ett om träningsberoende (Exercise Dependence Scale-21). Krav för att delta var att eleven är född 1996 eller tidigare. Totalt delades 234 enkäter ut, 226 var korrekt ifyllda och användes i studien. Det interna bortfallet var alltså åtta enkäter (3 %). Resultat: 23 % av deltagarna uppvisar en kostfixering enligt ORTO-15 (35 poäng eller mindre), varav 18 % män och 82 % kvinnor. 66 % av gymnasieeleverna uppvisar tendenser till träningsberoende, medan 2 % klassificeras (varav alla var män) som träningsberoende enligt Exercise Dependence Scale-21. Totalt klassificerades tre män (1,3 %) som ortorektiska. Slutsats: Ortorexi, enligt studiens definition, förekommer hos gymnasieelever, men endast i en väldigt liten del av den studerade gruppen (1,3 %), och endast bland män. Resultaten för träningsberoende enligt Excercise Dependence Scale-21var liknande (2 %, endast män), men en betydligt större del (66 %) uppvisade tendenser till träningsberoende. Nästan en av fyra (23 %) har en kostfixering enligt ORTO-15 testet. / Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate if orthorexia (according to this study's definition) occur among third grade high school students. Research questions: 1. Do the high school students exhibit a diet fixation according to ORTHO-15? 2. Do the high school students exhibit exercise dependence according to Exercise Dependence Scale-21? 3. Do the high school students exhibit orthorexic behavior, according to the study's definition, i.e. with both diet fixation according to ORTHO-15 and exercise dependence according to Exercice Dependence Scale-21? Method: This is a quantitative study with survey as the method of data collection. A total of eight public high schools within Stockholm's municipal were selected by randomization and included. Two different tests; one on diet fixation (ORTHO-15) and one on exercise dependence (Exercise Dependence Scale-21) were used. A requirement to participate was that the student is born in the year 1996 or earlier. A total of 234 surveys were passed out, 226 were correctly filled out and used for analyses in the study. Hence, the internal loss was 8 surveys (3 %). Results: 23 % of the participants exhibit a diet fixation according to ORTHO-15 (35 points or lower), whereof 18 % men and 82 % women. 66 % of the high school students exhibit tendencies towards exercise dependence, while 2 % (whereof all males) are classified as exercise dependent according to Exercise Dependence Scale-21. A total of three men (1.3 %) are classified as orthorexic. Conclusions: Orthorexia, according to the study's definition, is exhibited in high school students, but only in a very small fraction of the studied population (1.3 %), and only in males. Similar results were found concerning exercise dependence according to Exercise Dependence Scale-21 (2 %, all males), but a much larger population (66 %) exhibit tendencies towards exercise dependence. Almost one of four (23 %) high school students exhibits a diet fixation according to the ORTHO-15 test.

Objective: The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) is a reliable and valid semi-structured interview, which measures the specific psychopathology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the child adaptation of version 12.0D of the EDE (ChEDE 12.0). Method: The ChEDE 12.0 was administered to 15 children with anorexia nervosa (AN), 15 children with other clinical eating disturbances and two groups of 15 age-matched controls. The groups were compared using a two sample matched groups design. Results: Alpha coefficients for each of the ChEDE 12.0 subscales indicated a high degree of internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability was found to be high (r=0.91 to r=1.00). The subscale scores of the AN group were significantly higher than those of the other groups, whilst the other eating disturbance group did not differ from its control group. Discussion: The ChEDE 12.0 differentiates children with AN from children with other forms of clinical eating disturbance and control children. The hypothesis that children with early onset anorexia nervosa would not evidence significant weight and shape concern is refuted

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-03 / This research aims to understand the experienced body experience in anorexia nervosa, investigating the anorexic phenomenon in the body lived by taking as theoretical reference the philosophical phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty. The relevance of this theme consists of the fact that anorexia nervosa has been consolidating itself as a serious psychiatric disorder, being the third most common chronic disease among female adolescents and the pathology with the highest gross mortality rate among all Psychiatric disorders, with high risk of suicide. Considering a look at the phenomenon of anorexia nervosa beyond the nosological criteria, our research signals the need for a rupture with the dichotomous perspective of pathology, as it is coming into contact with the experience experienced by patients Anorexic, we favor a look that sees man beyond an object and perceives it in his mundane relationship, traversed by the historical, ideological, cultural aspects, among others. Seeking to achieve the objectives proposed in this study, we carried out a qualitative research from the critical phenomenological method inspired by the phenomenology of Merleau- Ponty and proposed by Moreira. For patients interviewed, anorexia nervosa is an experience that sometimes becomes difficult to access, because they cannot understand in many moments their body beyond an objectified element in which the pathology is signed and expressed. By perceiving the body as a thing, the incised of the possibility of an intent, disregarding the interweaving of man and world as a space where they can experience their experiences. Some of the speeches brought by the patients present a lack of knowledge about anorexia, not only for them, but for everyone with whom they relate; The fact that they are in attendance puts them in front of the food, element with which they do not want to relate, in which they feel challenged and fearful of the possible weight gain; The fragile physical condition that anorexia imposes them puts them in a position of certain impotence in the face of life, functioning that is also traversed by the emotional issues involved in the pathology and a way of seeing the body in all the nuances and possibilities That the illness promotes, thus highlighting the experience of an ambiguity lived in this body. In this way, we conclude that a look at the anorexic body from a phenomenology of the body lived in the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty will have relevant contribution in a new mode of understanding of anorexia nervosa not only in the perspective of a disorder Psychiatric, but as a phenomenon that crosses the living of the subjects as a condition of possibility of being able to exist in the world. Keywords: Anorexia nervosa; Phenomenology; Merleau-Ponty; Body lived; Anorexic lived experience. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a experiência vivida de corpo na anorexia nervosa, investigando o fenômeno anoréxico no corpo vivido tomando como referencial teórico a Fenomenologia filosófica de Merleau- Ponty. A relevância deste tema consiste pelo fato da anorexia nervosa vir se consolidando como um grave transtorno psiquiátrico, sendo a terceira doença crônica mais comum entre adolescentes do sexo feminino e a patologia com taxa de mortalidade bruta mais alta entre todas as desordens psiquiátricas, com elevado risco de suicídio. Considerando um olhar sobre o fenômeno da anorexia nervosa para além dos critérios nosológicos, nossa pesquisa sinaliza a necessidade de uma ruptura com a perspectiva dicotômica da patologia, já que entrando em contato com a experiência vivida de pacientes anoréxicas, privilegiamos um olhar que enxergue o homem para além de um objeto e o perceba em sua relação mundana, atravessado pelos aspectos históricos, ideológicos, culturais, dentre outros. Buscando atingir os objetivos propostos nesse estudo, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir do método fenomenológico crítico inspirado na Fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty e proposto por Moreira. Para as pacientes entrevistadas, a anorexia nervosa é uma experiência que por vezes se torna difícil de acessar, por não conseguirem compreender em muitos momentos o seu corpo para além de um elemento objetificado em que a patologia se inscreve e se expressa. Ao perceberem o corpo como coisa, o destituem da possibilidade de uma facticidade, desconsiderando o entrelaçamento homem e mundo como espaço onde podem vivenciar suas experiências. Algumas das falas trazidas pelas pacientes nos apresentam um desconhecimento sobre a anorexia, não só por elas, mas por todos com quem se relacionam; o fato de estarem em acompanhamento as coloca frente à comida, elemento com o qual não querem se relacionar, em que se sentem desafiadas e temerosas pelo possível ganho de peso; a condição física fragilizada que a anorexia as impõem as coloca em uma posição de certa impotência frente à vida, funcionamento que também é atravessado pelas questões emocionais implicadas na patologia e uma forma de ver o corpo em todas as nuances e possibilidades que o adoecimento promove, destacando assim a experiência de uma ambiguidade vivida nesse corpo. Dessa forma, concluímos que um olhar sobre o corpo anoréxico a partir de uma fenomenologia do corpo vivido na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty terá relevante contribuição em um novo modo de compreensão da anorexia nervosa não somente na perspectiva de um transtorno psiquiátrico, mas como um fenômeno que atravessa o vivido dos sujeitos como condição de possibilidade de se poder existir no mundo. Palavras-chave: Anorexia nervosa; Fenomenologia; Merleau-Ponty; Corpo vivido; Experiência vivida anoréxica.