Eating-disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. To date, little research has been conducted that might provide clinicians with an understanding of the critical factors that may aid clients' recovery. Such factors may be used by clinicians to better motivate clients to collaborate in treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify some of the critical factors that women with eating disorders believed were crucial in prompting or facilitating their recovery. Identification of these factors was accomplished through a systematic content analysis of semistructured interviews with recovered or recovering bulimics and anorexics. This study may contribute significantly to future research into the development of motivational supplements to eating disorder therapy (e.g., psychoeducational materials or therapy orientation programs). Of interest were what personal, interpersonal, or environmental factors anorexic and bulimic clients reported increased their motivation to recover, and prompted them to begin the recovery process, maintain recovery, and cope with the threat ofrelapse. Also, factors that subjects reported hindered their progress in recovery were examined. The anorexic and bulimic subjects reported social support as a critical factor across three stages of recovery, including beginning recovery, maintaining recovery, and coping with relapse. Being "tired" of the disorder and therapy were indicated to be relevant to beginning recovery. Improved self-esteem was deemed significant in helping subjects both maintain recovery and cope with the threat of relapse. Establishing healthy eating habits and attitudes was a necessary factor required to maintain recovery. Subjects shared that developing healthy ways to deal with emotions enabled them to deal successfully with the threat of relapse. Anorexic subjects reported that people and societal expectations, fear of becoming fat, incentive to numb emotions, and poor eating habits and attitudes impeded their recovery. Bulimic subjects indicated that people and societal expectations, incentive to numb emotions, lack of understanding, and poor eating habits and attitudes hindered their recovery.

Background: Self-harm is used to describe a group of diseases where the persons intention is to hurt thereself. This collective name includes conditions such as anorexia, burning, poisoning and self-cutting. The act of self-harm is almost never related to the patients' wish of death, it's more of a tool for the person to calm herself. Previous research shows that nurses often see these patients as troublesome often because of a lack of knowledge. There's just a few studies that examine the patients' views. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how patients with self-harm was experiencing the meeting with the nurse. Method: The study was designed as a literature based study based on 12 qualitative articles. All articles are read and analyzed by Friberg (2012) model with the analysis of qualitative research. Results: The result of this study showed that the nurse plays a big part in how the patients experienced their treatment. If the patient feels that the nurse doesn't see, hear or respect her, the patient starts to feel that she is not worth health care. For the patient to feel and get better it's essential that there is a functional relationship between the patient and the nurse. Conclusion: Patients who self-harm is a difficult patientgroup to treat if there is a lack of knowledge. But these patients are dependent on the care that the nurse is providing them. Therefore a caring and trusting relationship is a must to provide high quality care.

Lupus is a complex, poorly understood long-term disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues of any part of the body. The disease mainly affects young women of childbearing age. Studies from developed countries show that the condition affects individuals physically, emotionally and socially. However, nothing is known about how having lupus has affected individuals living with the condition in the African continent. I explored how lupus had affected individuals living with the condition in Kenya from the time individuals began to feel unwell. I interviewed three groups of participants. 10 individuals who attended the public rheumatology clinic, 11 individuals who attended a private rheumatology clinic and 6 doctors who worked in the rheumatology clinics. The study found that some individuals delayed in getting medical help for their lupus. It appears to take a long time for individuals to get their lupus diagnosed due to organisation and staffing of the Kenyan health system. It was also perceived by individuals with lupus that treatment for the condition was difficult to access and it was also costly. Some individuals believed that their lupus had a supernatural cause. Often there appeared to be a lack of understanding of lupus by individuals who suffered from the condition; and also by others, some having experienced disapproval or negative feelings from others. Individuals with lupus reported lacking the financial resources and social support to manage their condition better. Lupus was affecting them physically, emotionally and had an impact on their social lives. There are a number of challenges in living with lupus in Kenya, including individuals' and others perception of the condition, but also how healthcare is provided to these individuals.

Ungefär 200 personer insjuknar årligen i sjukdomen amyotrofisk lateralskleros (ALS), vilket ses som en ökning de senaste 30 åren. Att insjukna i en obotlig sjukdom bidrar till både fysiskt och psykiskt lidande. Det är viktigt att förstå patienters upplevelser av sjukdomen vilket det saknas information om. Syftet var att utifrån självbiografier, beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med ALS. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys beskriven av Lundman och Hällgren Graneheim gjordes. Datamaterialet bestod av sju självbiografier. Ur datamaterialet urskiljdes patienters känslor och upplevelser kring sjukdomen ALS i form av sex kategorier med tillhörande underkategorier. Kategorierna som framkom var; svårigheter kring den begynnande sjukdomen, tankar kring döden, sorg, bristande självkänsla, att känna sig utlämnad och att få insikt i sin sjukdom. Informanternas beskrev upplevelserna olika eftersom det fanns variationer av varje individs sjukdom. Att slutligen kunna se positiva stunder trots sin sjukdom var betydande. Ingen vet bättre än patienten själv hur den mest uppskattade omvårdnaden kan ges. Därför är det av vikt att lyssna på patienters upplevelser och deras egen berättelse av den upplevda sjukdomen. Erfarenheterna av sjukdomen var av olika karaktär men likheter kunde ses där många upplevelser var återkommande hos de flesta informanterna. / About 200 persons become ill annually with the illness amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which can be seen as an increase in the last 30 years. Falling ill in an incurable illness contributes to both physical and psychological suffering. It is important to understand the patient’s experiences of the illness and this is a field where there is little or no information available. The aim of this study was to describe the patients’ experiences of living with ALS from autobiographies. A qualitative content analysis described by Lundman and Hällgren Graneheim was performed. The data material consisted of seven autobiographies. From the data material patient’s feelings and experiences of the illness ALS was discerned in terms of six categories with associated subcategories. The categories were; difficulties of the emerging illness, thoughts about death, sadness, lack of self esteem, to feel deserted and to reach insight into their own illness. The informants described experiences differently due to individual variations of illness. To eventually be able to see positive moments despite the illness was significant. No one knows better than the patient how the most appreciated nursing care should be. Therefore it is of importance to listen to patients’ own experience of the illness. The experiences of the illness varied but similarities could be seen where many experiences were recurrent among most informants.

<p>Ungefär 200 personer insjuknar årligen i sjukdomen amyotrofisk lateralskleros (ALS), vilket ses som en ökning de senaste 30 åren. Att insjukna i en obotlig sjukdom bidrar till både fysiskt och psykiskt lidande. Det är viktigt att förstå patienters upplevelser av sjukdomen vilket det saknas information om. Syftet var att utifrån självbiografier, beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med ALS. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys beskriven av Lundman och Hällgren Graneheim gjordes. Datamaterialet bestod av sju självbiografier. Ur datamaterialet urskiljdes patienters känslor och upplevelser kring sjukdomen ALS i form av sex kategorier med tillhörande underkategorier. Kategorierna som framkom var; svårigheter kring den begynnande sjukdomen, tankar kring döden, sorg, bristande självkänsla, att känna sig utlämnad och att få insikt i sin sjukdom. Informanternas beskrev upplevelserna olika eftersom det fanns variationer av varje individs sjukdom. Att slutligen kunna se positiva stunder trots sin sjukdom var betydande. Ingen vet bättre än patienten själv hur den mest uppskattade omvårdnaden kan ges. Därför är det av vikt att lyssna på patienters upplevelser och deras egen berättelse av den upplevda sjukdomen. Erfarenheterna av sjukdomen var av olika karaktär men likheter kunde ses där många upplevelser var återkommande hos de flesta informanterna.</p> / <p>About 200 persons become ill annually with the illness amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which can be seen as an increase in the last 30 years. Falling ill in an incurable illness contributes to both physical and psychological suffering. It is important to understand the patient’s experiences of the illness and this is a field where there is little or no information available. The aim of this study was to describe the patients’ experiences of living with ALS from autobiographies. A qualitative content analysis described by Lundman and Hällgren Graneheim was performed. The data material consisted of seven autobiographies. From the data material patient’s feelings and experiences of the illness ALS was discerned in terms of six categories with associated subcategories. The categories were; difficulties of the emerging illness, thoughts about death, sadness, lack of self esteem, to feel deserted and to reach insight into their own illness. The informants described experiences differently due to individual variations of illness. To eventually be able to see positive moments despite the illness was significant. No one knows better than the patient how the most appreciated nursing care should be. Therefore it is of importance to listen to patients’ own experience of the illness. The experiences of the illness varied but similarities could be seen where many experiences were recurrent among most informants.</p>

Yes / Understanding patients' perspective to get an insight into cancer, and how best the public health systems can battle with this disease is the way forward in this current world. This study aimed to explore patients' knowledge about common cancers, barriers to assessing cancer information and cancer preventative approaches in Fiji. The study used a qualitative method approach that was conducted among patients who attended Special Outpatients (SOPD) at the four selected health centres in Lautoka Subdivision, Fiji from 1st March to 30th April 2021. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used to guide in-depth interviews. These audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. All interview transcripts were read and similar words and phrases were assigned numbers which were grouped together to identify themes and sub themes. Twenty-eight patients took part in the in-depth interview and the responses were grouped into four themes including; cancer knowledge, diagnosis of cancer in a close friend/family, barriers of communication and optimizing cancer awareness. Patients' awareness about common cancers and cancer risk factors was low. Many barriers for cancer screening were highlighted including stigmatization, fear, worry, death, lack of information, herbal medicine use, lack of resources and delay in diagnosis. Awareness strategies highlighted by participants included community outreach programs, house to house visits, opportunistic screening, engagement of community health care workers and the concept of a cancer hub centre. It is evident that there is a range of views from patients towards cancer and it is important to understand these perceptions to better guide public health interventions concerning cancer. This puts more focus on the need to invest more in information, education, and communication material for public campaigns that target a variety of people for a wider reach.

Bakgrund: En miljard människor i världen lever med hypertoni. Hypertoni är en riskfaktor till flera allvarliga sjukdomar och dödsfall. Med behandling i ett tidigt stadium kan risken för komplikationer minska. Följsamheten till egenvård vid hypertoni är relativt låg och alla patienter hanterar sina egenvårdsstrategier på olika sätt. Hur patienter upplever egenvården påverkas av flera olika erfarenheter. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur vuxna personer upplever egenvården vid hypertoni. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som innefattade tio kvalitativa artiklar gjordes. Analysarbetet utfördes baserat på Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Resultatet baserades på tre huvudkategorier. I resultatet belystes vikten av att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal gav deltagare kunskap och information om sjukdomen. Det framkom hur hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals bemötande och stöd påverkade hur väl egenvården utfördes. Deltagare upplevde svårigheter att följa ordinerade livsstilsförändringar och läkemedelsbehandling. Personligt stöd underlättade för deltagarna att utföra egenvårdsåtgärder. Slutsats: Patienter upplevde en tydlig brist i egenvården vid hypertoni. Följsamheten till olika egenvårdsåtgärder kunde öka och bli bättre när rätt kunskap, information och bemötande gavs till deltagarna. Slutsatsen beskriver att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal behöver mer utbildning om hur varje patient kunde stärkas till en bättre egenvård. / Background: One billion people around the world is living with hypertension today. Hypertension is a riskfactor for developing many other serious diseases, even death. With treatment in an early stage, the risk of complications can be reduced. This can be done by lifestyle changes and with help and support from healtcare professionals. Despite this, the adherence to self-care in hypertension is relatively low. How the participants experienced the self-care were influenced by many different lived experiences. Aim: The aim was to describe how adults experiences hypertension self-management. Method: A litterature overview with ten qualitative articles were made. The analysis were made based on Friberg’s five-step model. Results: The results were based on three main categories. In the result the importance of healthcare professionals giving correct information about the disease emerged. Participants also described how the support and personal treatment affected their adherence to self-care. Participants described that they had difficulties with adherence to lifestyle changes and drug treatment. Participants experienced that personal support could help the participants to manage the self-care.  Conclusion: Patients experienced a lack in the self-care of hypertension. The adherence to different types of self-care and self-management could be better when the right knowledge, information and treatment is given. The conclusion was that healthcare professionals needed more education about how to strengthen and motivate the patients to a better self-care.

Vårdrelaterade infektioner är den vanligaste vårdskadan på svenska sjukhus och drabbar årligen 9 % av sjukhusens patienter. Syftet med studien var att undersöka inkomna synpunkter och klagomål till Patientnämnden rörande brister i hygien och vårdmiljö samt vårdrelaterade infektioner. Datainsamling skedde genom att ärenden som inkommit till Patientnämnden under perioden 160701–170630 studerades. För att besvara syftet har en deskriptiv design och huvudsakligen kvalitativ textanalys med induktiv ansats använts. Resultatet av studien visade att tio ärenden innehållande upplevda brister i hygien och vårdmiljö samt 26 ärenden innehållande vårdrelaterade infektioner inkommit till Patient­nämnden under den aktuella tidsperioden. Upplevda brister i hygien och vårdmiljö gjorde att patienter och närstående ansåg vårdpersonalen vara okunnig och slarvig, samt att de ifrågasatte vårdens städrutiner. Att drabbas av en vårdrelaterad infektion beskrevs som frustrerande, med förlängda vårdtider samt ett minskat förtroende för vården. Vårdrelaterade infektioner orsakade ett fysiskt och psykiskt lidande. Enligt Virginia Henderson är målet med omvårdnad en bättre hälsa för den människa som vårdas samt att omvårdnaden ska ge patienten sitt oberoende tillbaka så snart som möjligt. När patienter drabbas av en vårdrelaterad infektion misslyckas således vårdpersonalen med omvårdnadens mål. Att öka vårdpersonalens följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner samt förståelsen för patientens situation leder till minskat lidande för patienter och närstående. / Health care acquired infections are the most common injuries resulting from care that occur in Swedish hospitals and 9 % of hospitalized patients are affected annually. The aim of this study was to investigate the comments and complaints received by the Patients Advisory Committee regarding the hospitals shortcomings in hygiene and healthcare environment and health care acquired infections. To collect data cases received by Patients Advisory Committee during 160701-170630 were analysed. A descriptive design and qualitative data analysis was used. The results of this study showed that ten cases containing perceived shortcomings in hygiene and healthcare environment and 26 cases involving health care acquired infections were received by Patients Advisory Committee. Due to the experienced deficiencies in hygiene and the healthcare environment patients and close relatives considered the healthcare staff to be ignorant and sloppy. They also questioned their cleaning routines regarding the healthcare environment. As a patient, being affected by a health care acquired infection was described as frustrating, with extended care times and reduced confidence in the overall healthcare organization. Health care acquired infections caused physical and mental suffering. According to Virginia Henderson, the aim of nursing care would always be a better health for the persons being cared for and to help them regain their independence. The result of the study show that the health care system has failed in this regard. Increasing compliance to basic hygiene routines and the understanding of the patients’ situation lead to reduced suffering for patients and relatives.

Bakgrund: Mellan år 1998 och 2008 ökade inläggningarna drastiskt inom den psykiatriska slutenvården. Ändå finns bristande kunskaper om patienternas upplevelser av densamma. För att kunna utveckla vården i rätt riktning, krävs att patienternas upplevelser beaktas. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av psykiatrisk slutenvård. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar analyserats. Artiklarnas resultat delades upp i meningsbärande enheter, som sedan sattes samman till den nya helhet som bildade denna studies resultat. Resultat: Ur analysen framträdde sex teman: Förväntningar, Värdet av att få vara en egen individ, Begränsningar på avdelningen, Samtal och stöd på avdelningen, Kontakt och stöd patienter emellan och Tiden på avdelningen. Slutsats: Patienternas upplevelser skilde sig många gånger åt, men genomgående var att de alla önskade behålla sin autonomi och att få bli sedda och respekterade som egna individer. Önskan om att få vara delaktig i sin vård och få samtalsstöd, uttrycktes starkt. Dessa faktorer var av största vikt för att patienterna skulle kunna uppleva att de fick en god vård. / Background: Between the year of 1998 and 2008 the hospitalisations of psychiatric inpatient care increased drastically. Despite that, the understanding of the patients’ experiences of the inpatient care is deficient. To develop the care in the right direction, the patients’ experiences need to be elucidated. Aim: To describe the patients’ experiences of psychiatric inpatient care. Method: A literature study of qualitative scientific papers. Seven articles were analyzed. The articles’ results have been divided into themes, which then have been put together to form the result of this study. Result: From the analyze six themes were formed: Expectations, The importance of being your own individual, Restraints on the ward, Dialogue and support on the ward, Contact and support between patients and The time on the ward. Conclusion: The patients’ experiences were in many cases diverged, but they were all in agreement that the valued to contain their autonomy and to be treated and respected as an own individual. The desire to participate in their own care and to have a dialogue with the nurses, were clearly expressed. For the patient to experience good care, these were the most important parts.

Bakgrund: Amyotrofisk lateral skleros är en terminal progressiv sjukdom där motoriska nervceller i hjärnan, hjärnstammen och ryggmärgen bryts ner och dör. Musklerna blir därmed understimulerade och förtvinar vilket leder till förlamning. Majoriteten av personerna som insjuknar i amyotrofisk lateral skleros avlider inom fem år. Cirka 10-20 procent lever längre än tio år från sjukdomsdebut. Att diagnostiseras med amyotrofisk lateral skleros innebär en chock och en omfattande livsomställning. Då det inte finns något botemedel är det viktigt att patienten erbjuds individanpassad omvårdnad samt psykosocialt och existentiellt stöd för att lindra symtom och stärka patientens livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med Amyotrofisk Lateral Skleros. Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på befintlig forskning inom området. Tio vårdvetenskapliga artiklar hämtade från databaserna CINAHL Complete och MEDLINE har använts och tillvägagångssättet har utförts enligt Fribergs metod. Resultat: I resultatet framträdde tre teman och fyra subteman som beskrev olika aspekter av att leva med amyotrofisk lateral skleros. De teman som identifierades var: livet faller samman med subtemana förlust av förmågor och förlust av mening, att bygga upp livet på nytt med subtemana acceptans och anpassning och finna mening samt beslut kring vård. Att leva med amyotrofisk lateral skleros innebar sorg, osäkerhet och rädsla samt en känsla av att livet förlorat mening. Sjukdomens progression innebar ett ständigt beslutsfattande kring vård. Familjens delaktighet i vårdbesluten var betydelsefull men gav även upphov till pliktkänslor. Förlusten av fysiska förmågor medförde både rädsla för att helt förlora kontrollen i livet och bli beroende av andra samt rädsla inför döden. Trots detta var det möjligt för deltagarna att acceptera och anpassa sig till sjukdomen samt att hitta ny mening i livet och uppleva livskvalitet. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades utifrån ytterligare forskning samt Callista Roys adaptionsmodell som berör människans förmåga till anpassning. De delar som lyftes fram och diskuterades var acceptans, anpassning, autonomi och pliktkänsla. / Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a terminal progressive disease in which themotor neurons in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord breaks down and dies. As a result of this the muscles becomes under stimulated and atrophies which leads to paralysis. The majority of persons suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis die within five years. Between 10-20 percent live longer than ten years from the onset of the disease. Being diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis causes a shock and leads to a sweeping life change. Since there is no cure, it is important that people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis are offered individualized care as well as psychosocial and existential support in order to relieve symptoms and strengthen the patient’s quality of life. Aim: The aim was to describe patients’ experiences of living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Method: Literature study based on existing research in the field. Ten articles on care science have been used from the databases CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE. The procedure has been carried out according to Friberg's method. Results: The result featured three themes and four subthemes that described different aspects of living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The themes that were identified were: life falls apart with subthemes loss of abilities and loss of meaning, rebuilding life with subthemes acceptance and adaptation and finding meaning and decisions about care. Living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis meant grief, insecurity and fear as well as a feeling that life had lost meaning. The progression of the disease led to a constant decision-making process regarding care. The family's participation in health care decisions was meaningful, but also caused feelings of duty. The loss of physical abilities led to fear of completely losing control in life and becoming dependent on others but also fear of death itself. Despite this, the participants were able to accept and adapt to the disease allowing them to find new meaning and experience quality of life. Discussion: The results were discussed on the basis of further research and Callista Roy's adaptation model, which is about people's ability to adapt. The parts highlighted in the discussion were acceptance, adaption, autonomy and feelings of duty.