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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Leakage Conversion For Training Machine Learning Side Channel Attack Models Faster

Rohan Kumar Manna (8788244) 01 May 2020 (has links)
Recent improvements in the area of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to extensive utilization of embedded devices and sensors. Hence, along with utilization the need for safety and security of these devices also increases proportionately. In the last two decades, the side-channel attack (SCA) has become a massive threat to the interrelated embedded devices. Moreover, extensive research has led to the development of many different forms of SCA for extracting the secret key by utilizing the various leakage information. Lately, machine learning (ML) based models have been more effective in breaking complex encryption systems than the other types of SCA models. However, these ML or DL models require a lot of data for training that cannot be collected while attacking a device in a real-world situation. Thus, in this thesis, we try to solve this issue by proposing the new technique of leakage conversion. In this technique, we try to convert the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) power traces to low SNR averaged electromagnetic traces. In addition to that, we also show how artificial neural networks (ANN) can learn various non-linear dependencies of features in leakage information, which cannot be done by adaptive digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. Initially, we successfully convert traces in the time interval of 80 to 200 as the cryptographic operations occur in that time frame. Next, we show the successful conversion of traces lying in any time frame as well as having a random key and plain text values. Finally, to validate our leakage conversion technique and the generated traces we successfully implement correlation electromagnetic analysis (CEMA) with an approximate minimum traces to disclosure (MTD) of 480.
122

An Intelligent UAV Platform For Multi-Agent Systems

Taashi Kapoor (12437445) 21 April 2022 (has links)
<p> This thesis presents work and simulations containing the use of Artificial Intelligence for real-time perception and real-time anomaly detection using the computer and sensors onboard an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. One goal of this research is to develop a highly accurate, high-performance computer vision system that can then be used as a framework for object detection, obstacle avoidance, motion estimation, 3D reconstruction, and vision-based GPS denied path planning. The method developed and presented in this paper integrates software and hardware techniques to reach optimal performance for real-time operations. </p> <p>This thesis also presents a solution to real-time anomaly detection using neural networks to further the safety and reliability of operations for the UAV. Real-time telemetry data from different sensors are used to predict failures before they occur. Both these systems together form the framework behind the Intelligent UAV platform, which can be rapidly adopted for different varieties of use cases because of its modular nature and on-board suite of sensors. </p>
123

L’analyse du langage spontané comme outil de détection précoce du déclin cognitif : une approche écologique

Filiou, Renée-Pier 08 1900 (has links)
La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) – la forme la plus courante de trouble neurocognitif majeur – se caractérise typiquement par des troubles progressifs et insidieux de la mémoire épisodique. Des déficits langagiers font également partie du portrait clinique de la maladie, et sont déjà présents au stade préclinique du trouble neurocognitif léger (TNCL). Des difficultés sur le plan de la production du langage ont été rapportées dans la MA et même le TNCL, ce qui suggère que son évaluation pourrait représenter une opportunité unique de détection précoce du déclin cognitif. Un consensus croissant propose d’ailleurs que le langage spontané (LS) pourrait permettre une évaluation écologiquement valide des capacités de production langagière. Toutefois, les résultats d’études s’étant penchées sur l’évaluation du LS ne convergent pas tous pour dresser un portrait clair de l’impact du déclin cognitif sur la production langagière dans la MA, et moindrement encore dans le TNCL. La première partie de la thèse visait ainsi à décrire de façon exhaustive l’étendue de la recherche dans le domaine de l'évaluation du LS dans les populations MA et TNCL, en réalisant un examen de la portée (étude 1). Les résultats ont révélé que l’évaluation traditionnelle du LS consistait le plus souvent en une analyse quantitative d’une sélection de variables microlinguistiques de LS obtenu à l’aide d’une mesure descriptive standardisée. Ayant répliqué le patron des déficits langagiers largement répandu dans les écrits scientifiques, les résultats de l’examen de la portée soulignent l’apport complémentaire de l’évaluation du LS à l’évaluation globale du langage dans les populations MA et TNCL. Toutefois, l’examen de la portée a également souligné d’importantes lacunes dans le domaine de recherche, notamment le très peu d’études s’étant intéressées au TNCL comparativement à la MA, ainsi que le très peu d’approches écologiques à l’évaluation du LS. Prenant en compte ces lacunes, la deuxième partie de la thèse visait à examiner l’apport d’une évaluation écologique du LS auprès de participants TNCL et de contrôles, dans un contexte expérimental se rapprochant de la vraie vie (étude 2). Plus précisément, une évaluation fonctionnelle des actes de langage produits par ces deux groupes lors de la réalisation, dans un appartement-test, de tâches écologiques inspirées d'activités de la vie quotidienne a été réalisée. La description qualitative des actes de langage spontanément produits pendant la planification et l'exécution de ces tâches complexes a permis d'extraire des stratégies, des barrières et des réactions distinctes en réponse aux demandes des tâches ainsi qu'aux difficultés rencontrées chez les participants TNCL et contrôles. Ainsi, les résultats ont montré que les participants TNCL mettaient en place moins de stratégies proactives avant d’entamer l’expérimentation, puis davantage de stratégies compensatoires pour supporter leur organisation des tâches pendant leur exécution. Plus distraits et moins portés à tenir compte de l’assistance offerte, ils validaient et justifiaient davantage leur performance de façon défensive et étaient plus réactifs à leurs difficultés que les sujets contrôles. Les résultats de la deuxième étude de la thèse soulignent ainsi l’apport novateur d’une évaluation fonctionnelle du LS comme outil d'exploration de l'impact du déclin cognitif lors de tâches écologiques complexes se rapprochant d'activités de la vie quotidienne. Ensemble, les études de la thèse convergent pour appuyer l’apport complémentaire d'une évaluation fonctionnelle du LS à son évaluation traditionnelle dans l’avancement des connaissances au sujet de l’impact du déclin cognitif dans les populations TNCL et MA sur la production langagière. / Alzheimer's disease (AD) – the most common form of major neurocognitive disorder – is typically characterized by progressive and insidious impairment of episodic memory. Language deficits are also part of the clinical picture of the disease, and are already present in the preclinical stage of mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD). Difficulties in language production have been reported in AD and even in mild NCD, suggesting that its assessment may represent a unique opportunity for early detection of cognitive decline. There is a growing consensus that connected speech (CS) may provide an ecologically valid assessment of language production abilities. However, the results of studies that have examined CS assessment do not all converge to provide a clear picture of the impact of cognitive decline on language production in AD, and even less so in mild NCD. The first part of the thesis thus aimed to comprehensively describe the extent of research in the area of CS assessment in AD and mild NCD populations, by conducting a scoping review (study 1). The results revealed that traditional CS assessment most often consisted of quantitative analysis of a selection of microlinguistic variables of CS, obtained using a standardized descriptive measure. Having replicated the pattern of language deficits widely found in the scientific literature, the results of the scoping review highlight the complementary contribution of CS assessment to the overall assessment of language in AD and mild NCD populations. However, the scoping review also highlighted important gaps in the research field, including the very few studies that have focused on mild NCD in comparison to AD, as well as the very few ecological approaches to CS assessment. Taking these gaps into account, the second part of the thesis thus aimed to examine the contribution of a functional assessment of CS that is closer to the context of real life, with mild NCD participants and controls (study #2). More precisely, a functional assessment of the speech acts produced by these two groups during the performance of ecological tasks inspired by activities of daily living in a laboratory-apartment was carried out. Qualitative description of the speech acts spontaneously produced by these participants while performing complex tasks allowed for the extraction of distinct strategies, barriers and reactions in response to task demands as well as to the difficulties encountered by the mild NCD participants and controls. Thus, results showed that mild NCD participants implemented fewer proactive strategies before beginning the experiment, and then more compensatory strategies to support their task organization during task execution. More distracted and less likely to take into account the assistance offered, they validated and justified their performance more defensively and were more reactive to their difficulties than the control subjects. The results of the second article of the thesis thus highlight the innovative contribution of a functional assessment of CS as a tool for exploring the impact of cognitive decline in complex, ecological tasks that are similar to activities of daily living. Together, the studies in this thesis converge to support the complementary contribution of a functional assessment of CS to its traditional assessment in advancing knowledge about the impact of cognitive decline on language production in the mild NCD and AD populations.
124

Muscle Strength, Acute Resistance Exercise, and the Mechanisms Involved in Facilitating Executive Function and Memory

Nicholas W Baumgartner (17343454) 06 November 2023 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Past research has extensively explored the benefits of acute aerobic exercise (AE) on memory and executive functions. Additionally, the cross-sectional relationship between muscle strength – a direct outcome of RE – and cognition is unknown, despite the simultaneous onset of muscle and cognitive decline in one’s thirties. However, the effects of acute resistance exercise (RE) on cognition remain understudied, despite the growing popularity of RE and evidence that RE may have distinct effects on cognition.. Therefore, the present study aimed to broaden our understanding of the connection between muscle strength and hippocampal-dependent memory and to investigate the influence of RE on memory and executive function.</p><p dir="ltr">A sample of 125 healthy young adults (18-50 years old) completed this study. On the first day of testing, subjects completed a cognitive battery testing aspects of hippocampal dependent memory, spatial abilities, and working memory, a maximal muscle strength testing session including handgrip strength and one-rep-max testing, and maximal aerobic capacity testing. Subjects completed a bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA) body scan to measure body composition on Day 2. Day 3 consisted of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), where subjects completed either 42 minute moderate intensity RE (n = 62) or a seated rest (n = 61). Cognitive testing including a memory recognition task, an inhibitory control task, and a working memory task were performed both before and after the intervention. Subjects also completed lactate, blood pressure, and blood draw (only a subset of subjects (n = 59)) before and after intervention.</p><p dir="ltr">The results first revealed that after controlling for known covariates, those with greater handgrip strength performed better on mental rotation tasks (t = 2.14, p = 0.04, Δr2= 0.04), while those with higher upper-body relative strength did better on recognition (t = 2.78, p = 0.01, Δr2 = 0.06) and pattern separation (t = 2.03, p = 0.04, Δr2= 0.04) tasks. Further, while there was no acute effect of RE on memory performance, response times during measures of inhibitory control (t = 4.15, p < 0.01, d = 0.40) and working memory decreased after exercise (t = 7.01, p < 0.01, d = 0.46), along with decreases in P3 latency during the inhibitory control task (t =-5.99, p < 0.01, d = 0.58). Additionally, blood lactate (t =-17.18, p < 0.01, d = 2.06), serum brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) (t = -4.17, p < 0.01, d = 0.66), and systolic blood pressure (t = -10.58, p < 0.01, d = 0.99) all increased following RE, while diastolic blood pressure (t = 4.90, p < 0.01,d = 0.50) decreased. Notably, the change in systolic blood pressure (t = -2.83, p = 0.01, Δr2 = 0.06) was associated with improvements in behavioral measures of inhibitory control, changes in lactate (t = -2.26, p = 0.03, Δr2 = 0.04) and systolic blood pressure (t = -3.30, p < 0.01, Δr2 = 0.08) were also related to improved behavioral changes in working memory, and changes in lactate (t = -3.31, p < 0.01, Δr2= 0.08) and BDNF (t = -2.12, p = 0.04, Δr2= 0.08) related to faster P3 latency during inhibitory control. Importantly, these associations between physiological and cognitive changes were consistent across both exercise and rest groups, suggesting that physiological changes were linked to improved cognitive performance regardless of group assignment.</p><p dir="ltr">In conclusion, this study highlights the positive relationships between cross-sectional muscle strength and aspects of memory and spatial abilities, with distinct contributions from handgrip and upper body strength. Furthermore, acute RE was shown to enhance executive functions, particularly in terms of processing speed during inhibitory control (response time and P3 latency) and working memory (response time). This study suggests that RE can be a valid way to garner exercise-induced benefits on executive functions potentially through its influence on lactate, BDNF, and blood pressure, however, since these effects were evident regardless of intervention, more work is needed to determine if RE-induced changes have the same mechanisms. Overall, these findings underscore the potential benefits of muscle strength and RE on enhancing executive function in young and middle-aged adults.</p>
125

Les significations du deuil blanc pour des personnes proches aidantes de personnes âgées vivant en centre d’hébergement

Fillion, Lawrence 12 1900 (has links)
Le deuil blanc est peu connu des professionnels de la santé, pourtant cette expérience peut affecter toutes personnes proches aidantes d’une personne vivant avec un trouble neurocognitif. Il consiste en une réponse émotionnelle et physique pouvant survenir lorsque des pertes sont constatées chez la personne vivant avec un trouble cognitif. Les connaissances sur les significations du deuil blanc sont limitées et insuffisantes pour le développement d’interventions efficaces. Le but de l’étude était de comprendre les significations de l’expérience du deuil blanc vécue par des personnes proches aidantes de personnes vivant avec un trouble cognitif et vivant en centre d’hébergement. Dans le cadre d’une phénoménologie descriptive, six personnes proches aidantes ont participé à une entrevue individuelle et celles-ci ont été analysées par la méthode de Giorgi. Les résultats décrivent que les personnes proches aidantes vivent des changements relationnels et des sentiments pénibles provoqués par les changements cognitifs qui progressent. Ceci les amène à ressentir des sentiments ambivalents concernant l’hébergement du proche et demande aux personnes proches aidantes de prendre soin d’eux-mêmes pour poursuivre leur implication. Ces résultats permettront de faciliter la compréhension des professionnels en centre d’hébergement sur le phénomène et d’améliorer la reconnaissance du deuil blanc pour mieux soutenir les personnes proches aidantes. Aussi, les résultats pourront soutenir d’autres études pour identifier des éléments conduisant à des interventions adaptées pour les personnes proches aidantes. / Pre-death grief is not well known to health professionals, yet this experience can affect all care partners of people living with a neurocognitive disorder. It is an emotional and physical response related to the losses observed in the affected person. Knowledge about the meanings of pre-death grief is limited and insufficient for the development of effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings of the pre-death grief experienced by care partners of a cognitively impaired person living in a long-term care home. Using a descriptive phenomenology, six care partners participated in an individual interview, and these were analyzed using Giorgi's method. The results describe that the care partners experience relational changes and distressing feelings caused by the advancing cognitive changes. This leads to ambivalent feelings regarding their relative living in a long-term care home and requires care partners to take care of themselves to continue their involvement. These results will facilitate the understanding of long-term care home professionals' regarding this phenomenon and improve recognition of pre-death grief to better support care partners. Also, the results may support other studies to identify elements leading to adapted interventions for care partners.
126

Study of genetic factors in treatment-related complications in patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and post transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells

Petrykey, Kateryna 12 1900 (has links)
La leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë (LLA) est le cancer le plus fréquent chez les enfants. Malgré le fait que plus de 80% des enfants atteints de LLA sont aujourd'hui guéris de leur maladie, ce succès a toutefois un prix élevé, car l’exposition aux médicaments cytotoxique et/ou à l’irradiation pendant une période vulnérable du développement de l’enfant peut entraîner des conséquences à long terme. En effet, environ 60% des enfants ayant survécu à une LLA devront vivre avec des problèmes de santé liés au traitement, également appelés effets indésirables tardifs (late-adverse effects, LAEs). Parmi ces derniers, on notera des problèmes métaboliques, l’ostéoporose, une altération des fonctions cognitives ou cardiaques, ainsi que la dépression et l’anxiété. Si certains survivants ne présentent aucune de ces complications, d'autres peuvent en avoir plusieurs. Différents facteurs peuvent contribuer à cette variabilité, notamment le traitement reçu, les caractéristiques de la maladie, les habitudes de vie et, surtout, la constitution génétique du patient. Ce projet s'est concentré sur les biomarqueurs génétiques permettant d'identifier les individus les plus susceptibles de souffrir de LAEs. Récemment, une étude exhaustive (évaluations cliniques, psychosociales et biochimiques) s’est déroulée au CHU Sainte-Justine pour caractériser chacune de ces morbidités chez 250 survivants de la LLA de l'enfant (cohorte PETALE). De plus, on a obtenu le profil génétique de chaque participant. Nous avons utilisé cet ensemble de données et des outils statistiques et bio-informatiques pour réaliser des études d'association comparant la fréquence des variants génétiques chez les survivants ayant développé ou non des LAEs; en particulier, les complications cardiovasculaires et neurocognitives, ainsi que les troubles de l'humeur tels que l'anxiété et la dépression. D'autres facteurs de risque tels que les caractéristiques de traitement et/ou de la leucémie ont été pris en compte lors de l'analyse pour dériver les meilleurs prédicteurs génétiques. Ainsi, en utilisant l'approche des gènes candidats, nous avons identifié les variants communs des gènes MTR, PPARA, ABCC3, CALML5, CACNB2 et PCDHB10 qui étaient associés à des déficits de performance des tests neurocognitifs, tandis que les variants des gènes SLCO1B1 et EPHA5 étaient associés à l'anxiété et à la dépression. Deux variants, rs1805087 dans le gène MTR et rs58225473 dans le gène CACNB2 sont particulièrement intéressants, car ces associations ont été validées dans la cohorte de réplication SJLIFE (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA). Les analyses d'association ont été complémentées par une étude d'association à l'échelle de l'exome, qui a identifié plusieurs gènes supplémentaires comme des modulateurs potentiels du risque de développer des complications neurocognitives liées au traitement (gènes AK8 et ZNF382), ainsi que l'anxiété et la dépression (gènes PTPRZ1, MUC16, TNRC6C-AS1, APOL2, C6orf165, EXO5, CYP2W1 et PCMTD1). Le variant rs61732180 du gène ZNF382 a ensuite été validé dans la cohorte de réplication SJLIFE. Également, nous avons effectué des analyses d’association concernant les complications cardiaques liées au traitement qui ont identifié plusieurs nouveaux marqueurs associés à ces complications dans les gènes TTN, NOS1, ABCG2, CBR1, ABCC5, AKR1C3, NOD2 et ZNF267. De plus, nous avons résumé les connaissances actuelles sur les marqueurs pharmacogénomiques qui ont été associés aux effets de cardiotoxicités, induites par les anthracyclines, qui affectent les patients atteints de cancer pédiatrique. Nous avons également inclus un aperçu de l'applicabilité des résultats rapportés, notamment ceux qui ont été validés dans la cohorte PETALE. Par ailleurs, nous nous sommes intéressés aux complications qui surviennent après une greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques. Nous avons appliqué des approches bio-informatiques et statistiques similaires pour obtenir un profil plus complet de la composante génétique derrière ces complications potentiellement mortelles. Ainsi, une étude d'association à l'échelle de l'exome a été réalisée dans une cohorte de patients pédiatriques subissant une greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques après un régime de conditionnement contenant du busulfan. Nous avons identifié de nouvelles variations génétiques conférant un risque plus élevé de syndrome d'obstruction sinusoïdale (notamment dans les gènes UGT2B10, BHLHE22, et KIAA1715) et de maladie aiguë du greffon contre l'hôte (dans les gènes ERC1, PLEK, NOP9 et SPRED1), qui pourraient être utiles pour des stratégies personnalisées de prévention et de traitement. Ces travaux contribuent à la compréhension de l'influence des facteurs génétiques sur le risque de développer des complications liées au traitement, tant au cours du traitement qu'à long terme. De plus, les marqueurs génétiques signalés ainsi que d'autres facteurs de risque connus peuvent conduire à des modèles de prédiction identifiant les patients à risque accru de ces complications. / Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children. Even though more than 80% of children with ALL are now cured of their disease, this success comes at a high price as exposure to cytotoxic drugs and/or radiation during a vulnerable period of child development may have long-term consequences. In fact, approximately 60% of children who survive ALL will have to live with treatment-related health problems, also called late-adverse effects (LAEs). These include metabolic problems, osteoporosis, impaired cardiac or cognitive functions, as well as depression and anxiety. While some survivors do not have any of these complications, others may have more than one. Different factors can contribute to this variability, in particular, the treatment received, the characteristics of the disease, the lifestyle, and, above all, the genetic makeup of the patient. This project focused on genetic biomarkers capable of identifying the individuals most likely to suffer from LAEs. Recently, an exhaustive study (clinical, psychosocial, and biochemical evaluations) took place at Sainte-Justine University Health Center (Montreal, Canada), with the goal to characterize each of these morbidities in 250 survivors of childhood ALL (PETALE cohort). In addition, the genetic profile of each participant was obtained, and we used statistical and bioinformatics tools to perform association studies on this dataset in order to compare the frequency of genetic variants in survivors with or without LAEs. We evaluated cardiovascular and neurocognitive complications, as well as mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Other risk factors, such as treatment and/or leukemia characteristics were also considered during the analysis to derive the best genetic predictors. Thus, using the candidate gene approach, we identified common variants in the MTR, PPARA, ABCC3, CALML5, CACNB2, and PCDHB10 genes that were associated with deficits in neurocognitive tests performance, whereas variants in the SLCO1B1 and EPHA5 genes were associated with anxiety and depression. Two variants, rs1805087 in the MTR gene and rs58225473 in the CACNB2 gene, are of particular interest since these associations were validated in an independent SJLIFE replication cohort (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA). The association analyses were complemented by an exome-wide association study, which identified several additional genes as potential modulators of the risk of developing treatment-related neurocognitive complications (genes AK8 and ZNF382), as well as anxiety and depression (genes PTPRZ1, MUC16, TNRC6C-AS1, APOL2, C6orf165, EXO5, CYP2W1, and PCMTD1). Variant rs61732180 in the ZNF382 gene was further validated in the replication SJLIFE cohort. To a great extent, we performed association analyses regarding treatment-related cardiac complications which identified several novel markers associated with these toxicities in the TTN, NOS1, ABCG2, CBR1, ABCC5, AKR1C3, NOD2, and ZNF267 genes in survivors of childhood ALL. In addition, we summarized the current knowledge on pharmacogenomic markers related to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity affecting pediatric cancer patients. We also included a brief overview of the applicability of reported findings to the PETALE cohort, validating several of them. Besides, we were interested in the complications that arise after a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We applied similar bioinformatics and statistical approaches to gain a more complete insight into the genetic component behind these life-threatening complications. Thus, an exome-wide association study was performed in a cohort of pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following a conditioning regimen containing busulfan. Our results identified new genetic variations conferring a higher risk of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (notably in the UGT2B10, BHLHE22, and KIAA1715 genes) and acute graft-versus-host disease (ERC1, PLEK, NOP9, and SPRED1 genes), which could be useful for personalized prevention and treatment strategies. This work contributes to the understanding of the influence of genetic factors on the risk of developing treatment-related complications, both during treatment and in the long term. Furthermore, the reported genetic markers along with other known risk factors can lead to prediction models identifying patients at increased risk for these complications.

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