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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Influência da avaliação neurológica seriada e seus reflexos no prognóstico funcional de recém-nascidos a termo com asfixia perinatal

Freitas, Záira Moura da Paixão 25 October 2016 (has links)
Background: According to the World Health Organization, between four to nine million newborns develop birth asphyxia. It is estimated that 1.2 million fatal outcomes and at least the same number develop disabling neurological sequelae and developmental delay. Early neurological evaluation promotes the improvement of the life expectancy of serious asphyxiated babies and It can be incorporated into the routine of neonatal intensive care units. Glasgow Coma Scale adapted for children can be an assessment tool used in high-risk newborns. Objective: To compare the clinical outcome of term infants with perinatal asphyxia (PA) moderate and severe that underwent a neurological neonatal serial evaluation protocol during hospital stay, with those not undergoing evaluation. Method: This is an epidemiologic, observational and analytical study, using a quantitative approach. The study considered two groups, intervention and control. For the control group, at first, it was made a survey data in charts and then the longitudinal, prospective, observational approach was adopted during the period of outpatient care. For the intervention group, a longitudinal approach, prospective, observational was used during the hospital stay and follow-up clinic. We sought to investigate the neurological clinical course of children, the length of stay in hospital and delay presence in the development of neuromotor skills. Results: The sample consisted of 112 newborns, 86 infants in the control group and 26 infants in the intervention group. The intervention group showed a median of less hospital stay (p<0.001) than the control group. Full-term newborns diagnosed with PA, which remained for a shortest time in hospital length and were subjected to a serial neurological evaluation protocol, incorporated into standard clinical procedures in the NICU for the management of PA, did not show disturbances in neuromotor development. Conclusion: The use of serial neurological evaluation protocol influenced significantly, the prevalence of delayed neuromotor development. / Introdução: Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, cerca de quatro a nove milhões de recém-nascidos (RN) desenvolvem asfixia ao nascer. Estima-se que 1,2 milhão evoluem para óbito e, pelo menos, o mesmo número desenvolve sequelas neurológicas incapacitantes e atraso no desenvolvimento. A avaliação neurológica precoce promove melhora da perspectiva de vida dos anoxiados graves, podendo, esta, ser incorporada à rotina das unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal. A escala de coma de Glasgow adaptada para crianças poderá ser utilizada em RN de alto risco. Objetivo: Comparar a evolução clínica neurológica dos RN a termo com asfixia perinatal (AP) moderada e grave que foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação neurológica neonatal seriada durante período de internamento hospitalar, com aqueles não submetidos à avaliação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, observacional, analítico, com abordagem quantitativa. O estudo considerou dois grupos, intervenção e controle. Para o grupo controle foi feito um levantamento de dados em prontuários e, em seguida, adotada a abordagem longitudinal, prospectiva, observacional, durante o período de atendimento ambulatorial. Para o grupo intervenção, foi utilizada uma abordagem longitudinal, prospectiva, observacional, durante o período intra-hospitalar e em ambulatório de seguimento. Buscou-se investigar a evolução clínica neurológica da criança, o tempo de permanência no serviço hospitalar e presença de atraso no desenvolvimento das habilidades neuromotoras. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 112 RN, sendo 86 RN do grupo controle e 26 RN do grupo intervenção. O grupo intervenção mostrou uma mediana de tempo de internamento hospitalar menor (p<0,001) que o grupo controle. RN a termo, diagnosticados com AP, que permaneceram por menor tempo em internamento hospitalar e foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação neurológica seriada, incorporado às condutas clínicas padronizadas na UTIN para a gestão da AP, não apresentaram distúrbios no desenvolvimento neuromotor. Conclusão: A utilização do protocolo de avaliação neurológica seriada influenciou a prevalência de atraso no desenvolvimento neuromotor.
32

Influência da avaliação neurológica seriada e seus reflexos no prognóstico funcional de recém-nascidos a termo com asfixia perinatal

Freitas, Záira Moura da Paixão 25 October 2016 (has links)
Background: According to the World Health Organization, between four to nine million newborns develop birth asphyxia. It is estimated that 1.2 million fatal outcomes and at least the same number develop disabling neurological sequelae and developmental delay. Early neurological evaluation promotes the improvement of the life expectancy of serious asphyxiated babies and It can be incorporated into the routine of neonatal intensive care units. Glasgow Coma Scale adapted for children can be an assessment tool used in high-risk newborns. Objective: To compare the clinical outcome of term infants with perinatal asphyxia (PA) moderate and severe that underwent a neurological neonatal serial evaluation protocol during hospital stay, with those not undergoing evaluation. Method: This is an epidemiologic, observational and analytical study, using a quantitative approach. The study considered two groups, intervention and control. For the control group, at first, it was made a survey data in charts and then the longitudinal, prospective, observational approach was adopted during the period of outpatient care. For the intervention group, a longitudinal approach, prospective, observational was used during the hospital stay and follow-up clinic. We sought to investigate the neurological clinical course of children, the length of stay in hospital and delay presence in the development of neuromotor skills. Results: The sample consisted of 112 newborns, 86 infants in the control group and 26 infants in the intervention group. The intervention group showed a median of less hospital stay (p<0.001) than the control group. Full-term newborns diagnosed with PA, which remained for a shortest time in hospital length and were subjected to a serial neurological evaluation protocol, incorporated into standard clinical procedures in the NICU for the management of PA, did not show disturbances in neuromotor development. Conclusion: The use of serial neurological evaluation protocol influenced significantly, the prevalence of delayed neuromotor development. / Introdução: Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, cerca de quatro a nove milhões de recém-nascidos (RN) desenvolvem asfixia ao nascer. Estima-se que 1,2 milhão evoluem para óbito e, pelo menos, o mesmo número desenvolve sequelas neurológicas incapacitantes e atraso no desenvolvimento. A avaliação neurológica precoce promove melhora da perspectiva de vida dos anoxiados graves, podendo, esta, ser incorporada à rotina das unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal. A escala de coma de Glasgow adaptada para crianças poderá ser utilizada em RN de alto risco. Objetivo: Comparar a evolução clínica neurológica dos RN a termo com asfixia perinatal (AP) moderada e grave que foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação neurológica neonatal seriada durante período de internamento hospitalar, com aqueles não submetidos à avaliação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, observacional, analítico, com abordagem quantitativa. O estudo considerou dois grupos, intervenção e controle. Para o grupo controle foi feito um levantamento de dados em prontuários e, em seguida, adotada a abordagem longitudinal, prospectiva, observacional, durante o período de atendimento ambulatorial. Para o grupo intervenção, foi utilizada uma abordagem longitudinal, prospectiva, observacional, durante o período intra-hospitalar e em ambulatório de seguimento. Buscou-se investigar a evolução clínica neurológica da criança, o tempo de permanência no serviço hospitalar e presença de atraso no desenvolvimento das habilidades neuromotoras. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 112 RN, sendo 86 RN do grupo controle e 26 RN do grupo intervenção. O grupo intervenção mostrou uma mediana de tempo de internamento hospitalar menor (p<0,001) que o grupo controle. RN a termo, diagnosticados com AP, que permaneceram por menor tempo em internamento hospitalar e foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação neurológica seriada, incorporado às condutas clínicas padronizadas na UTIN para a gestão da AP, não apresentaram distúrbios no desenvolvimento neuromotor. Conclusão: A utilização do protocolo de avaliação neurológica seriada influenciou a prevalência de atraso no desenvolvimento neuromotor.
33

Avaliação neurologica em escolares com dislexia do desenvolvimento / Neurological assessment in schoolchildren with developmental dyslexia

Carvalho, Maria Imaculada Merlin de 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Vanda Maria Gimenes Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T15:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_MariaImaculadaMerlinde_M.pdf: 5079620 bytes, checksum: 57af6f7ff10156c4b75c019bc0f1d9e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Essa pesquisa foi proposta tendo como objetivo o estudo dos sinais neurológicos, utilizando semiologia neurológica detalhada, em um grupo de escolares portadores de dislexia do desenvolvimento, comparados a um grupo sem queixa escolar. O grupo disléxico foi constituído por 12 escolares com diagnóstico de dislexia do desenvolvimento comprovada pelas avaliações neuropsicológica, fonoaudiológica e neurológica; projeto de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição e os pais assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; idade cronológica mínima de 8 anos. O grupo controle foi composto por escolares bons leitores, sem dificuldades ou distúrbios de aprendizagem, indicados por professores e avaliados pela fonoaudióloga, pareados com os disléxicos por gênero e idade. Foram excluídos os escolares com diagnóstico de distúrbio de aprendizagem, com deficiência auditiva e visual, deficiência mental, síndromes genéticas ou grandes malformações, não comparecimento à primeira avaliação após três convocações sucessivas. Foram avaliados pelo Exame Neurológico Tradicional (ENT), Exame Neurológico Evolutivo (ENE) e Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST-II). O ENT foi normal em todos os escolares do grupo controle e em três do grupo disléxico; a alteração mais freqüente foi leve hipotonia muscular global ou localizada em membros superiores, observada em oito escolares como um achado isolado ou associado a outras alterações. O ENE foi normal em todos os escolares do grupo controle e alterado em todos do grupo disléxico. Nenhum participante apresentou dificuldade em equilíbrio dinâmico. Dentre os setores alterados os mais freqüentes foram persistência motora e tono muscular. As alterações detectadas foram heterogêneas, não constituindo um padrão ao exame do grupo disléxico. O QNST-II foi normal em todos os escolares do grupo controle e alterado em todos os participantes do grupo disléxico. O QNST-II identificou o grupo disléxico, com mediana de pontuação total 33 ± 11,95, classificado como desvio moderado e o grupo controle com pontuação total de 13,5 ± 4,57, classificado como normal, com diferença significativa entre os grupos (p-valor = 0,0005, teste de Wilcoxon). Alguns subtestes mostraram mediana de pontuação significativamente maior no grupo disléxico: habilidade manual, reconhecimento e reprodução de figuras, reprodução de formas na palma da mão, padrões sonoros, movimentos manuais reversos rápidos e repetitivos, extensão de braços e pernas, ficar em uma só perna, irregularidades comportamentais. Concluiuse que o uso desta técnica de avaliação neurológica acrescentou novos elementos semióticos no estudo do grupo disléxico. / Abstract: The objective was to propose a study of neurological signs, using detailed neurological semiology in a group of school aged children that had developmental dyslexia, compared to a group without learning disabilities. A group of 12 students were identified as dyslexic group, (1 girl and 11 boys), after neuropsychological, speech therapist and neurological evaluations. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the institution and the families provided full informed consent; minimal chronological age of 8 years. They were matched on age and sex with the control group recruited in regular classroom placement, who were reading at grade level according to their school-teacher and the evaluation of the speech therapist. Those with learning disabilities, mental retardation, visual deficiency and hearing loss, genetic syndromes or malformations, or absence after three invitations were excluded. The Traditional Neurological Examination (TNE), Neurological Evolutional Examination (NEE) and Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST II) were used. The TNE was normal in the control group and in three of the dyslexic group. Muscular hypotonia was the most frequent alteration, observed in 8 schoolchildren. The NEE was normal in the control group and showed alterations in the entire dyslexic group. Nobody showed alteration in dynamic balance. The most altered items were the motor persistence and muscle tone. There was heterogeneous alterations, without a standard examination for the dislexic group. QNST II was normal in the control group and showed alterations in the entire dyslexic group. QNST II total scores correctly identified the dyslexic group, with median punctuation of total score 33 ± 11,95, classified as moderate discrepancy (MD) and the control group with 13,5 ± 4,57, classified as normal range (NR). The dyslexic group showed significantly higher scores than the control group (p-value = 0,0005, Wilcoxon test). Some subtests acted as a discriminator between the groups, with significantly higher scores in the dyslexic group in the subtests: hand skill, figure recognition and production, palm form recognition, sound patterns, rapidly reversing repetitive hand movements, arm and leg extension, stand on one leg, behavioral irregularities. We concluded that this technique of neurological evaluation added new semiotic elements in the study of the dyslexic group. / Mestrado / Neurologia / Mestre em Ciências Médicas
34

Avaliação do olfato em pacientes com doença de Wilson / Smell analysis in patients with Wilson\'s disease

Margarete de Jesus Carvalho 21 January 2016 (has links)
A Doença de Wilson (DW) é uma moléstia hereditária, caracterizada pela deficiência de excreção do cobre pelo fígado devido à mutação do gene A TP7B. O distúrbio do olfato ocorre com frequência em doenças neurodegenerativas como na doença de Parkinson (DP) e na doença de Alzheimer (DA). A análise do olfato tem sido utilizada como um instrumento útil no diagnóstico diferencial das diversas formas de parkinsonismo degenerativo, e, especialmente, na diferenciação entre DP e tremor essencial. O diagnóstico precoce na DW é a chave para o sucesso do tratamento. Na hipótese de haver comprometimento do olfato em fases iniciais da doença, esse poderia ser um dado a mais para auxiliar no diagnóstico. Até o presente, há apenas um estudo relacionando a DW com a disfunção do olfato. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o olfato em um grupo de pacientes com DW e confrontar com grupo- controle. No presente estudo, foram analisados 37 portadores de DW com manifestação neurológica, 24 portadores de DW sem manifestação neurológica e 59 controles. Todos os indivíduos foram analisados com relação à idade, ao gênero, ao grau de escolaridade, ao uso de tabaco e ao miniexame do estado mental (MEEM), e os portadores de DW foram avaliados quanto ao tempo de doença, tratamento medicamentoso e escore neurológico. O olfato foi avaliado por meio do teste de identificação de odor 8niffin\' 8ticks (88-16 canetas numeradas e quatro opções de resposta para cada uma). Vinte e quatro indivíduos eram pacientes da DW sem manifestação neurológica (45,83% do gênero feminino) e 37 pacientes apresentavam manifestações neurológicas (56,76% do gênero masculino). O qrupo-controle foi composto por 59 indivíduos, 35 (59,33%) do gênero masculino. As médias de- idade foram de 33,38 ± 9,79 anos no grupo de portadores de DW com manifestação neurológica; 29 ± 9,61 anos no grupo de portadores de DW sem manifestação neurológica e 33,81 ± 10,67 anos no grupo-controle. Todos os pacientes com DW estavam em tratamento: 47(77%) com penicilamina, 7 (11,5%) com trientine e 7 (11,5%) com sais de zinco. As médias de respostas corretas no teste de identificação do odor 88-16 foram: 12,03 ± 2, 21 no grupo de portadores de DW com manifestação neurológica, 12, 15 ± 2,07 no grupo de portadores de DW com manifestação hepática e 12,70 ± 2,03 para o grupo- controle. Na avaliação objetiva do olfato com o teste de identificação do odor SS-16, não foi evidenciada diferença significativa entre os três grupos analisados, mas observou-se que o MEEM e o grau de escolaridade influenciaram significativamente no escore do 88-16 na comparação do grupo de pacientes com DW com manifestação neurológica com os outros dois grupos (grupo-controle e o grupo de portadores de DW com manifestação hepática). No presente estudo, não foi evidenciada disfunção olfatória nos pacientes com DW, mas foi observada diminuição da percepção do olfato em alguns pacientes com DW (com e sem manifestação neurológica). Em relação à disfunção olfatória evidenciada em alguns pacientes com DW na presente análise, algumas considerações são pertinentes e poderiam ter influenciado na identificação do olfato neste grupo de pacientes com DW. O acúmulo de cobre e a produção de radicais livres no sistema nervoso central (SNC) podem desencadear processos de neurodegeneração em estruturas envolvidas no olfato, alterações metabólicas, acúmulo de substâncias neurotóxicas (amônia e manganês) e alterações de neurotransmissores, e contribuir para o surgimento da disfunção olfatória / Wilson\'s disease (WO) is a hereditary disease due to a mutation in ATP7B gene, characterized by deficiency of copper excretion by the liver. Smell disorders are frequently encountered in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson\'s disease (PO) and Alzheimer\'s disease (AO). Smell analysis has been a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of several forms of degenerative parkinsonism, and especially for the differentiation between PO and essential tremor. Early diagnosis in WO is the key for a successful treatment. If there were smell impairment in the early stages of the illness, it could be used as another clue to help on its diagnosis. To the present date, there is only one study connecting WO with smell problems, the aim of this study was to evaluate smell function in a group of WO patients and compare them with a control group. We analyzed 37 WO patients with and 24 WO patients without neurologic symptoms, and 59 controls. Ali subjects were evaluated regarding age, gender, schooling, tobacco use, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the WO patients were also evaluated regarding duration of the illness, medication and neurologic scoring. Smell was analyzed by means of Sniffin\' Sticks smell identification test (SS-16 numbered pens and four options of answer for each pen). Twenty-four subjects with WO had no neurologic symptoms (45.83% female), and 37 patients had neurologic impairment (56,76% male). The control group was composed by 59 individuais, 35 (59,33%) male. Their age average were 33,38 ± 9,79 years for WO neurologic symptoms; 29 ± 9,61 years for WO without neurologic symptoms; and 33,81 ± 10,67 years for the control group. Ali WO patients were on treatment: 47(77%) with penicillamine, 7(11,5%) with trientine, and 7(11,5%) with zinc salt formulations. The average of correct answers in the SS-16 were: 12,03 ± 2,21 for the WO with neurologic symptoms group; 12,15 ± 2,07 for the WO without neurologic symptoms; and 12,70 ± 2,03 for the control group. In the smell testing with SS-16, there was no significant difference among the three groups, but the MMSE scoring and schooling had a significant influence over SS-16 score when comparing WO with neurologic symptoms patients with the other groups (WO patients without neurologic symptoms and control group). There was no smell dysfunction in WO patients in this study, but diminished smell perception was observed in some WO patients (either with or without neurologic impairment). Regarding smell impairment observed in some WO patients in the current analysis, some considerations must be made that could have influenced smell identification in these individuais. Copper accumulation and free radicais production in the central neNOUS system can trigger neurodegeneration processes in structures involved in srnell perception, metabolic impairment, building up of neurotoxic substances (such as ammonia and manganese), and neurotransmitter disorders, contributing to the emergence of srnell dysfunction
35

Manifestações neurológicas na doença de Wilson: estudo clínico e correlações genotípicas / Neurological manifestations in Wilson disease: clinical study and genotype correlations

Alexandre Aluizio Costa Machado 05 November 2008 (has links)
A doença de Wilson, moléstia hereditária, caracteriza-se pela deficiência de excreção de cobre pelo fígado, originária da mutação do gene ATP7B. As manifestações neurológicas na doença de Wilson são pleomórficas, observando-se distúrbios do movimento com início insidioso e em idade variável - geralmente na segunda ou terceira décadas de vida. Este estudo, dividido em duas partes, descreve as manifestações neurológicas iniciais em 119 pacientes com doença de Wilson (93 casos-índice e 26 familiares acometidos), avaliados entre 1963 e 2004 dos quais 109 foram através de análise retrospectiva dos prontuários médicos, enquanto aos 10 pacientes restantes se dispensou avaliação clínica prospectiva, a partir de 2002. O início dos sintomas ocorreu na média etária dos 19,4 anos (7-37), e o tempo médio do surgimento dos sintomas ao diagnóstico de 1,1 +/- 1,2 anos (0-5 anos). Entre as manifestações neurológicas mais freqüentes, observaram-se: disartria (91%), distúrbios da marcha (75%), risus sardonicus (72%), distonia (69%), rigidez (66%), tremor (60%) e disfagia (50%). A incidência das manifestações coréia e atetose, 16% e 14%, respectivamente, foi baixa. Manifestações atípicas incluíram convulsões (4,2%) e sinais piramidais (3%). A segunda parte do estudo trata da investigação do genótipo ATP7B em 41 pacientes e suas possíveis correlações com o fenótipo neurológico. Encontraram-se 23 mutações distintas, a mais comum das quais (p.A1135fs) com freqüência alélica de 31,7%. Expressiva associação (p<0,05) se deu entre essa mutação e a manifestação disfagia, ainda que limitada por amostra restrita de pacientes. Também sugestiva foi a associação entre a mutação p.A1135fs e quadros neurológicos precoces e graves. Este é o primeiro estudo a comparar o genótipo ATP7B com as manifestações neurológicas na doença de Wilson / Wilson disease, a rare inborn metabolic error, is characterized by deficient hepatic copper excretion, due to mutations in ATP7B gene. Neurological manifestations may vary, although there is commonly a movement disorder starting in the second or third decade of life. This study is divided in two parts, and it describes the neurological manifestations in 119 patients with Wilson disease (93 index cases and 26 affected family members), which were seen between 1963 and 2004 a retrospective analysis in 109 medical records and prospective clinical evaluation in 10 patients since 2002. The average age of symptoms onset was 19.4 years (ranging from 7 - 37 years), and the mean time between the first symptom and diagnosis was 1, 1 +/- 1, 2 years. The most frequent neurological manifestations observed were: dysarthria (91%), gait disturbance (75%), risus sardonicus (72%), dystonia (69%), rigidity (66%), tremor (60%), and dysphagia (50%). Less frequent manifestations were chorea (16%), and athetosis (14%). Rare neurological presentations were seizures (4,2%), and pyramidal signs (3%). In the second part of this study, we ascertain ATP7B genotype correlations with distinct neurological phenotypes in 41 Wilson disease patients. A total of 23 distinct mutations were detected, and the p.A1135fs frameshift had the highest allelic frequency (31.7%). An association between a p.A1135fs mutation and dysphagia was detected (p<0, 05), but the limited number of patients restricts valuable conclusions. This analysis also suggests an association between this mutation and early and severe neurological presentation. This present study is the first one to evaluate an ATP7B genotype correlation with specific neurological profile in Wilson disease
36

Anhörigkonsulenters uppfattningar om aktivitetsbalans hos anhöriga till personer med neurologisk diagnos : En kvalitativ intervjustudie / Caregiver counselor’s perceptions of occupational balance for family caregivers to people with neurological diagnose : A qualitative interview study

Eriksson, Ros-Marie, Marklund Lundin, David January 2022 (has links)
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate caregiver counselor’s perceptions of occupational balance for family caregivers to people with neurological diagnose. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted digitally with nine caregiver counselors from different municipalities within Sweden and the collected data was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Result: The experience of caregiver counselors showed that family caregivers to people with neurological diagnose have a hard time maintaining satisfactory occupational balance. According to the caregiver counselors the caregivers take on new roles and with these comes new areas of responsibilities and activities, both in taking care of the sick relative as well as taking care of all the household chores. These new roles, activities and responsibilities makes it hard for the caregivers to maintain occupational balance and are at risk of getting ill with both mental illness as well as physical illness. The experience of the caregiver counselors was that aid from the community in form of home care and daily activity centers for the sick relative is something that gives the caregivers possibilities to maintain occupational balance by giving them more time to spend on self-care. Conclusion: The study shows that caregivers occupational balance is affected by the support they’re giving. By aiding the caregivers in their supporting activities in form of family interventions and taking the caregivers in accord in an early state occupational balance might be possible to maintain. / Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka anhörigkonsulenters uppfattning om aktivitetsbalanshos anhöriga till personer med neurologisk diagnos. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes digitalt med nio anhörigkonsulenter från olika kommuner i Sverige och insamlad data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Anhörigkonsulenters uppfattning visade att anhöriga som vårdar närstående med neurologisk diagnos har svårt att bibehålla aktivitetsbalans. Enligt anhörigkonsulenterna tar sig anhöriga an nya roller som innefattar nya ansvarsområden och aktiviteter, både i att vårda den närstående och att sköta hushållet. Dessa nya roller, aktiviteter och ansvar bidrar till försvårade möjligheter för de anhöriga att bibehålla aktivitetsbalans och bidrar till risker att de anhöriga själva ådrar sig ohälsa, såväl psykisk som fysisk. Anhörigkonsulenternas uppfattningvar att samhällsinsatser i form av hemtjänst och dagverksamheter för närstående är något som kan avlasta anhöriga och frigöra tid samt skapa möjligheter för dem att bibehålla aktivitetsbalans. Slutsats: Studien visar på att anhörigas aktivitetsbalans påverkas av den vård och stöd de utgör. Genom att stödja anhöriga i deras vårdande genom familjeinterventioner kan anhöriga ges möjlighet att bibehålla aktivitetsbalans.
37

A novel preclinical pediatric concussion model causes neurobehavioural impairment and diffuse neurodegeneration

Meconi, Alicia Louise 03 May 2021 (has links)
Concussions are the injury and symptoms that can result from transmission of a biomechanical force to the brain. They represent a significant global health burden, and are the subject of a growing body of medical research. A concussion can only be definitively diagnosed by a medical professional based on symptoms, although advanced neuroimaging and biomarker-based approaches are promising future diagnostic tools. There is no treatment for concussion beyond following return-to-work or -play guidelines, which recommend avoiding strenuous physical and cognitive activities until they no longer exacerbate symptoms. Preclinical models of concussion have been used to examine pathophysiological processes underlying symptoms, which is an important step in developing tools for diagnosis and treatment. Historically the clinical translation of preclinical concussion research has been limited, and the use of anaesthesia, and preference for adult male rats may contribute to this. These means of reducing variability are justified, but preclinical research moving forward should address these limitations to translatability by including more clinically relevant subjects and avoiding anaesthesia. To this end, we developed a new preclinical model for pediatric concussion. Our awake closed head injury (ACHI) model is well-suited to this purpose because it produces a helmeted closed-head injury involving vertical and rotational displacement of the head, and does not require anaesthesia. Before the ACHI model can be used to investigate concussion mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment, it needs to be characterized to demonstrate that it produces clinically relevant neurobehavioral and pathological changes. We developed a modified neurologic assessment protocol to test neurologic function immediately after each injury. The Barnes maze, elevated plus maze, open field, and Rotarod were used to measure injury-related changes in cognition, anxiety, and motor function. The Barnes maze reversal task was used to detect more subtle cognitive impairments of executive function. Structural MRI was used to search for visible lesion, hemorrhage, or atrophy; and silver-stain histology was used to detect neurodegeneration. We determined repeated ACHI produced acute neurologic impairment with the NAP, and a mild spatial learning deficit potentially mediated impaired cognitive flexibility in the Barnes maze and reversal training. These were accompanied by neurodegeneration in the optic tract, hippocampus, and ipsilateral cortex during the first week of recovery. Thus, following the internationally recognised definition developed by the concussion in sport group, we demonstrated 1) an “impulsive” force transmitted to the head results in 2) the rapid onset of short-lived neurologic impairment that resolves spontaneously. This occurs 3) with normal structural neuroimaging, and 4) produces cognitive impairment, and LOC in a subset of cases. The ACHI model is the first in Canada to forego anaesthesia, and this is the first demonstration of neurocognitive impairment accompanied by diffuse neurodegeneration in the absence of structural MRI abnormalities after mild traumatic brain injury in juvenile male and female rats. / Graduate
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Porfiria aguda intermitente: estudo clínico de 37 casos. / Acute intermittent porphyria: clinical study of 37 cases.

Puglia, Paula Marzorati Kuntz 20 April 2001 (has links)
A porfiria aguda intermitente é uma doença autossômica dominante, decorrente de um distúrbio na via biossintética do heme, causado pela redução dos níveis da enzima uroporfirinogênio-I-sintetase. As manifestações clínicas envolvem o sistema nervoso periférico e o central. O diagnóstico baseia-se na excreção urinária elevada dos precursores das porfirinas ácido d-aminolevulínico e porfobilinogênio. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o quadro clínico apresentado por pacientes do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo com porfiria aguda intermitente, atendidos no período de janeiro de 1979 a dezembro de 1999. Foram avaliados 37 pacientes, com idades entre 6 e 48 anos, na proporção de 2,7 mulheres:1 homem. A faixa etária na qual ocorreu o maior número de crises foi a terceira década. Os pacientes apresentaram 63 crises, sendo que 13 deles também tiveram manifestações de caráter crônico. As manifestações clínicas mais freqüentes foram: dor abdominal, alteração da cor da urina, mudança no ritmo intestinal, déficit motor ou sensitivo-motor, vômitos, alteração do nível de consciência ou confusão mental, crises convulsivas, quadros disautonômicos cardio-vasculares e distúrbios psiquiátricos. As crises foram classificadas em leves, moderadas e graves, segundo critérios previamente estabelecidos. Todas as manifestações crônicas foram caracterizadas como leves. A neuropatia periférica motora ou sensitivo-motora nunca foi a manifestação inicial da crise de porfiria aguda intermitente. Houve correlação entre o tipo e o número de fatores precipitantes e a manifestação da neuropatia periférica motora ou sensitivo-motora, verificando-se que as crises nas quais ela está ausente foram em geral desencadeadas por apenas um fator, mais comumente de origem endócrina ou metabólica endógena, como período menstrual e jejum, enquanto que nas crises com neuropatia periférica houve a participação de vários fatores concomitantemente, sendo estes principalmente de origem exógena, como medicamentos. Os tratamentos mais utilizados nos surtos foram a administração de glicose, aumento da ingestão de carboidratos e o uso de fenotiazínicos. / Acute intermittent porphyria is an autosomal dominant disease, caused by a disturbance in the heme biosynthetic pathway, secondary to the reduction on the levels of uroporphyrinogen-I-synthetase enzyme. Clinical manifestations involve central and peripheral nervous system. The diagnosis is based on the elevated urinary excretion of porphyrins precursors d-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations of acute intermittent porphyria in patients of the Hospital das Clínicas of São Paulo, seen between January 1979 and December 1999. 37 patients were studied, from 6 to 48 years old, with a rate of 2,7 women: 1 man. The age in which most of the crisis occurred was the third decade. The patients presented 63 crisis, and 13 of them presented also with chronic manifestations. The commonest clinical presentations were: abdominal pain, change in urine color, change in bowel habits, motor or sensory-motor deficit, vomiting, alteration of consciousness or mental confusion, convulsions, dysautonomic cardiovascular signs and psychiatric disorders. The crisis were classified as mild, moderate and severe, following criteria previously established. All chronic manifestations were characterized as mild. The peripheral motor or sensory-motor neuropathy was never the initial manifestation. Correlation was found between the kind and the number of precipitating factors, and the absence of peripheral neuropathy was in general related to just one factor, more commonly of endogenous endocrine or metabolic origin, like menstrual period and starvation, while in the crisis with peripheral neuropathy multiple factors were involved at the same time, these being of exogenous origin, like drugs. The most commonly used treatments were glucose administration, elevation of carbohydrate intake, and phenothiazines use.
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O desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de pacientes com Sequência de Robin isolada / The neurological development of patients with isolated Robin Sequence.

Alencar, Tatiane Romanini Rodrigues 26 September 2014 (has links)
Objetivos: Avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com Sequência de Robin isolada (SRI), submetidas ao tratamento de obstrução das vias aéreas conforme protocolo do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC/USP), com intubação nasofaríngea (INF) ou tratamento postural. Verificar se o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor do grupo INF difere do grupo postural, e avaliar a eficácia da INF em evitar sequelas de hipóxia. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo realizado no HRAC/USP, com crianças com SRI, de 2 a 6 anos, divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o tipo de tratamento realizado: INF (Grupo 1), e postural (Grupo 2). Dados do tempo de uso da INF e sonda nasogástrica (SNG), cirurgia de miringotomia, classificação socioeconômica, grau de escolaridade dos pais, entre outros, foram coletados. Os participantes foram avaliados por meio do Teste de Screnning de desenvolvimento de Denver II (Teste de Denver II) e Exame Neurológico Evolutivo Adaptado (ENEA). Resultados: Total de 62 crianças foram avaliadas, sendo 38 do Grupo 1 e 24 do Grupo 2. Os resultados do Teste de Denver II demonstraram que 73,7% das crianças do Grupo 1 e 79,2% do Grupo 2 apresentaram desenvolvimento normal. Os resultados do ENEA apresentaram-se normais para 89,5% das crianças do Grupo 1 e 87,5% do Grupo 2. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos no Teste de Denver (p=0,854) e no ENEA (p=0,789). Realizaram a miringotomia 47,3% das crianças do Grupo 1 e 58,3% do Grupo 2. Nos resultados dos dois testes, a área do desenvolvimento mais prejudicada foi a linguagem, o que pode ser reflexo das oscilações de audição e da disfunção velofaríngea. Houve concordância moderada (k=0,563) entre os resultados dos dois testes aplicados no Grupo 1, e concordância substancial (k=0,704) no Grupo 2. O tempo médio de uso da INF foi de 60 ± 28 dias. Na análise socioeconômica do Grupo 1, 42,1% se encaixavam na classificação baixa superior, e 28,9% na média inferior; no Grupo 2, 20,8% se encaixavam na baixa inferior, e 58,3% na baixa superior, sem diferença entre os grupos (p=0,211). Não houve associação significativa entre a classificação socioeconômica e os resultados dos testes de desenvolvimento aplicados. O nível de escolaridade mais encontrado entre os pais dos participantes foram: 3º grau completo (Grupo 1) e 2º grau completo (Grupo 2), sem diferença estatística entre os grupos. Conclusões: A maioria das crianças com SRI tratadas com INF apresentaram desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor normal, semelhante aos casos menos graves do grupo postural. As crianças tratadas com INF não apresentaram sinais clínicos evidentes de sequelas neurológicas da hipóxia. / Objectives: To assess the neurological and psychomotor development of children with Isolated Robin Sequence (IRS), submitted to the treatment of airway obstruction according to the protocol of the Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC/USP), with nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI) or postural treatment. Verify if the neurodevelopment of the NPI group differs from postural group, and evaluate the effectiveness of NPI to prevent sequels of hypoxia. Materials and Methods: Prospective study conducted at HRAC/USP, with children SRI, with 2 to 6 years old, divided into two groups according to the type of treatment performed: NPI (Group 1) and postural (Group 2). Time data of use NPI, nasogastric tube (NGT), myringotomy surgery, socioeconomic status, education level of parents, among others, were collected. Participants were assessed through the development of Screnning Denver II Test (Denver II) and Neurologic Evolutionary Examination Adapted (NEEA). Results: The total of 62 children was evaluated, being 38 in the Group 1 and 24 in the Group 2. The results of the Denver Developmental Screening Test II showed that 73.7% of Group 1 and 79.2% of Group 2 presented with normal development. The results of NEEA had presented normal for 89.5% of children in the Group 1 and 87.5% in the Group 2. There was no significantly difference between the two groups at Denver Test (p=0.854) and in the NEEA Test (p=0.789). The myringotomy was performed by 47.3% of children in the Group 1 and 58.3% of children in the Group 2. The results showed language as the most impaired area, which may reflect fluctuations of hearing and velopharyngeal dysfunction. There was moderate agreement (k=0.563) between the results of the two tests applied in the Group 1, and substantial agreement (k=0.704) in the Group 2. The average time of use of the NPI was 60 ± 28 days. In the socioeconomic analysis of Group 1, 42.1% fit the low ranking higher, and 28.9% in the average lower. In the analyses of Group 2, 20.8% were in the low ranking lower, and 58.3% were in the low ranking the top. There was no different statistic between groups (p=0.211). There was no significant association between socioeconomic status and results of development tests performed. The levels of education most found between the participants parents were: completed graduation (Group 1), and secondary school (Group 2) with no statistical difference between groups. Conclusions: Most of children with IRS treated with NPI showed normal neurological and psychomotor development, similar of minor cases of postural group. The children treated with NPI didn\'t show evident clinical signs of neurological sequels of hypoxia.
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Migration of neural crest cells in normal ICR mouse and mutant dominant megacolon mouse embryos.

January 2001 (has links)
Mok Wing Fai Simon. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-97). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Table of content --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Origin of the Neural Crest Cells / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Formation of the Neural Tube --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- The Neural Crest cells and the Vagal Neural Crest Cells --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- The migration profiles of Neural Crest Cells Originated from the Axial level other than Vagal Neural Crest --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Enteric Nervous System --- p.5 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- MIGRATION OF NEURAL CREST CELLS IN NORMAL ICR AND DOM MUTANT MOUSE EMBRYOS / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Pregnant mice --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Handling Medium --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- The Culture Medium --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Preparation of Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Gold Conjugates (WGA-Au) --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- "Preparation of 1,´1ة-dioctadecyl-´3ة 3,3 '3,3 226}0ة-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate (Di-I) " --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Preparation of Carnoýةs Solution --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Preparation of Paraformaldehyde --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Pregnont Dominant Megacolon (Dom) Mice --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- DNA Extraction for Genotyping of Dom Embryos --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Primers Used in PCR for Genotyping of Dom Embryos --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- PCR Reagent System --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.12 --- 10XTBE --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3 --- Methods / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Isolation of Embryos from Pregnant Mice --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- In situ labeling of exogenous dye --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Whole Embryo Culture --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Morphological Examination of Cultured Embryos --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Histological Examination of Cultured embryos --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Genotyping of Dom F1 Generation --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Genotyping of Dom Embryos by PCR --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Gel Electrophoresis --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.9 --- Counting of WGA-Au Labelled Cells --- p.53 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Genotyping --- p.54 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Examination on Gross morphology of Control and Experimental Embryos --- p.54 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Morphological Examination of DOM Mutant Embryo after culture --- p.57 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Initial Stage of Vagal and Trunk Neural Crest Cells Migration in Mouse Embryos --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Initial Stage of Vagal and Trunk Neural Crest Cells Migration in DOM Embryos --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Distribution of Labelled Cells in ICR Embryos after WGA-Au Labelling --- p.65 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Distribution of WGA-Au Labelled Cells in DOM Embryos --- p.69 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 3.1 --- Development of embryos in vitro --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2 --- Comparison of the Two Exogenous Dyes --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3 --- Migration Pathway of the Vagal and Trunk Neural Crest Cells --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4 --- Counting of Labelled Cells in DOM Embryos --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5 --- Initial Stage of Vagal and Trunk Neural Crest Cells Migration of Different Genotypes of the DOM Embryos --- p.84 / Chapter 3.6 --- Differences in Distribution of WGA-Au Labelled Cells in Different Genotypes of DOM Embryos --- p.85 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- CONCLUSION --- p.88 / REFERENCES --- p.91 / "FIGURES, LEGEND TABLE AND APPENDIX"

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