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Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-28T12:02:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andriano Fernandes Ferreira.pdf: 3250606 bytes, checksum: 6443386e37e31b5a27168a5385e26d10 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T12:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andriano Fernandes Ferreira.pdf: 3250606 bytes, checksum: 6443386e37e31b5a27168a5385e26d10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-15 / The purpose of this study was to establish the hematological, biochemical and proteinogram profiles of tufted capuchin monkeys housed at the zoo from the João Pessoa’s city and the Center for Wild Animals Screening of the IBAMA. The 50 animals lived in captivity and conditions of management, food and environmental characteristics and climate similar and were grouped according to gender and age. Were determined the hemogram, biochemical studies (glucose, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, AST, ALT, AP, GGT, LDH, CPK, cholesterol, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, chloride, amylase, lipase, total direct and indirect bilirubin) and proteinogram (total protein, albumin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, globulin and its fractions alpha1, alpha2, beta and gamma). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and F test for comparison of means at 5% level of probability. The average values of erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit, were statistically higher in males, while lymphocytes were higher in females regardless of age. For the age group, it was observed that the erythrocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes, bands neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes showed higher values in young animals, regardless of sex. Urea, creatinine, GGT and CPK were higher in males than females, regardless of age. The urea and creatinine concentrations were higher in adults than young, while calcium, phosphorus, AP and CPK concentrations were higher in young monkeys, regardless of sex. Serum albumin’sconcentration was higher in females regardless of age. The sex affects the levels of betaglobulin, with greater concentration in the female group and the general group formed exclusively by adults. The age factor influence the concentration of total protein and albumin, where the adults had higher serum levels of total protein and lower levels of albumin, both in general group as those formed exclusively by male or female. In conclusion, the values for the variables of hemogram, biochemistry and proteinogram can be used as parameters of normality for evaluation of capuchin monkey created under the same conditions and using similar methodology, and that factors such as gender and age may influence some variables must therefore be considered when carrying a laboratory examination in this animals. / Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar o perfil hematológico, bioquímico e o proteinograma de macacos-prego procedentes do jardim zoológico da Cidade de João Pessoa e Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do IBAMA. Os 50 animais eram mantidos em cativeiro e em condições de manejo, alimentação e características ambientais e climáticas semelhantes e foram agrupados segundo o sexo e a faixa etária. Realizaram-se o hemograma, dosagens bioquímicas (glicose, uréia, creatinina, cálcio, fósforo, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, FA, CK, colesterol, triglicerídeos, sódio, potássio, cloro, amilase, lipase, bilirrubinas total, direta e indireta) e proteinograma (proteínas totais, albumina, fibrinogênio, proteína c reativa, fibrinogênio, globulinas e suas frações alfa1, alfa2, beta e gama). Os resultados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância e ao teste F, para comparação de médias, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Os valores médios de hemácias, hemoglobina e hematócrito apresentaramse estatisticamente maiores nos machos, enquanto linfócitos foram superiores em fêmeas. Em relação à faixa etária, hemácias, hematócrito, hemoglobina, leucócitos, neutrófilos bastonetes, eosinófilos e linfócitos apresentaram valores médios superiores em jovens, independentemente do sexo. Os níveis séricos de uréia, creatinina, GGT e CK foram maiores no grupo formado por machos do que nas fêmeas. Os níveis de uréia e creatinina forammaiores em indivíduos adultos do que jovens; enquanto cálcio, fósforo, FA e CK foram maiores em jovens, independentemente do sexo. No proteinograma, o sexo influiu sobre os níveis de beta-globulina, com maior concentração em fêmea no grupo geral e no grupo formado por adultos. O fator etário exerceu influência sobre a concentração de proteínas totais e albumina, onde os adultos apresentaram maiores níveis de proteínas totais e menores de albumina. Conclui-se que os valores obtidos para o hemograma, bioquímica sangüínea e proteinograma podem ser usados como parâmetros de normalidade para avaliação de macacos-prego criados sob as mesmas condições e utilizando metodologia semelhante e que, fatores como sexo e faixa etária podem influenciar algumas variáveis, portanto, devem ser levados em consideração quando da realização de um exame laboratorial nesses animais.

Orientador: Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-Espin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T00:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coronel_PabloFresia_D.pdf: 3741316 bytes, checksum: 4416d19fe30ca45f8d2185db03898903 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A mosca-da-bicheira, Cochliomyia hominivorax, é um ectoparasito obrigatório dos animais de sangue quente endêmico das Américas. As miíases causadas por esta praga geram severos prejuízos econômicos na produção pecuária da América do Sul e da região do Caribe, devido à mortalidade e redução na produtividade dos animais infestados. Nesta tese, abordamos alguns aspectos da distribuição da variação de seqüências do DNA mitocondrial de C. hominivorax em duas escalas geográficas e os eventos históricos que podem explicar os padrões observados. As principais contribuições foram compiladas em três artigos científicos. No primeiro artigo, (artigo 1) investigamos o padrão geral de estruturação geográfica da variabilidade genética em 38 localidades ao longo de toda a distribuição da espécie. As análises das seqüências parciais da região controle (CR) e dos genes COI e COII mitocondriais revelaram que a diversidade genética da espécie está estruturada em quatro grupos regionais principais, denominados Cuba (CG), República Dominicana (DRG), região norte e região sul da Amazônia (NAG e SAG, respectivamente). Foi sugerido que o padrão observado foi principalmente formado por eventos históricos, como a colonização das ilhas do Caribe, vicariância na região Amazônica e expansão das populações desde o último máximo glacial. O segundo artigo (artigo 2) apresenta um teste da hipótese de perturbação-vicariância na região Amazônica, que foi realizado através de simulações de coalescência e modelagem ecológica da espécie. Os resultados indicaram que os ciclos climáticos do Pleistoceno promoveram a expansão, fragmentação e mistura das populações na região Amazônica em diferentes momentos do passado. Detectamos que o primeiro momento de divergência dos grupos de populações analisadas (SAG, NAG e amostras da América Central e do Norte) é mais antigo que o último período glacial e deve ter acontecido no interglacial Yarmouth (~250.000 anos atrás). Porém, a demografia histórica da espécie e as relações filogenéticas das seqüências mitocondriais sugerem um padrão mais complexo, incluindo reticulação, para a evolução e divergência das populações na região Amazônica. No terceiro artigo (artigo 3), apresentamos o primeiro estudo da variabilidade genética de C. hominivorax em escala local, em que se analisaram indivíduos de 25 sítios de coleta distribuídos numa área de 90 km por 60 km próxima às cidades de Quaraí e Artigas, na fronteira entre Brasil e Uruguai. Os resultados sugerem que os indivíduos pertencem a uma única população com alto grau de polimorfismo, indicando que esta é uma população estável capaz de sobreviver às condições adversas do inverno local e que flutua demograficamente de acordo com o clima da região. Porém, há evidências de que estas amostras não estão em equilíbrio e, portanto, a ausência de estruturação baseada nas estimativas tradicionais deve ser interpretada com cuidado. Como esta é uma região importante para a atividade pecuária do Brasil e Uruguai, estes resultados são de interesse para um possível plano de controle na região. No entanto, serão necessárias análises de amostras seriadas ao longo de um ano, assim como de diferentes anos na mesma escala geográfica, para melhor entender o padrão de fluxo gênico na região / Abstract: The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an obligate ectoparasite of warm blooded vertebrates, endemic of the Americas. Myiasis caused by this pest fly generate great profit looses to the livestock sector in South America and the Caribbean region, due to mortality and productivity reduction of infested animals. In this thesis, we approach some aspects of mitochondrial DNA sequences variation of C. hominivorax in two geographic scales, and the historical events that could explain the observed patterns. The main contributions were compiled in three research articles. In the first (article 1), we investigate the general pattern of genetic variability distribution in 38 localities encompassing the species geographic range. The analysis of partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region (CR), COI and COII genes revealed four main regional groups of genetic diversity, denominated Cuba (CG), Dominican Republic (DRG), north region (NAG) and south region (SAG) of the Amazon basin. Results suggest that current distribution of C. hominivorax genetic diversity was mainly shaped for historical events, i.e. Caribbean islands colonization, vicariance in the Amazon region and population expansion since the last glacial maximum. The second article (article 2) presents a hypotheses test of vicariance-perturbation in the Amazon region, through coalescent simulations and ecological niche modeling of the species. The results indicate that Pleistocene climatic cycles promote expansion, fragmentation and mixture of Amazon region populations during the past. We detected that the divergence among groups of analyzed populations (SAG, NAG and samples from North and Central America) occurred before the last glacial maximum and may have happened during the interglacial Yarmouth (~250.000 years ago). However, the species demographic history and the phylogenetic relationships of the mitochondrial sequences suggest a more complex pattern, including reticulation, for the evolution and divergence of the Amazonian region populations. Finally, in the third article (article 3) we present the first study of the genetic variability of C. hominivorax in a local scale, in which individuals of 25 localities in a 90 km for 60 km area in the proximity of Artigas city and Quaraí city, in the border between Brazil and Uruguay, were analyzed. The results suggest that the individuals are from a unique population, with high level of polymorphism, indicating that this is a stable population which is capable of survive the adverse local winter conditions and demographically fluctuate in accordance to the region climate. However, there are evidences that these samples are not in equilibrium hence the absence of structure interpretation based on traditional estimates must be done carefully. As this is an important region for livestock industry of Brazil and Uruguay, these results are interesting for a possible control program in the region. However, studies of serially collected samples throughout the year and in different years at the same geographic scale will be necessary to better understand the gene flow pattern in the region / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

Este trabalho trata da revisão taxonômica das espécies de Morion do Continente Americano (M. arida, M. boliviensis, M. brasiliensis, M. cordata, M. costigera, M. cycloma, M. lafertii, M. monilicornis e M. simplex), sendo que apenas uma não ocorre na região Neotropical (M. monilicornis). Foi realizado um estudo morfológico detalhado de todas as espécies, visando encontrar novos caracteres diagnósticos para testar a hipótese taxonômica vigente e para facilitar a identificação das espécies. Não foram identificadas espécies novas e as nove spécies mostraram-se válidas. A análise de novas estruturas, além de revelar características antes não estudadas (como braquipteria em M. brasiliensis) deu mais robustez à hipótese existente. Também foram confeccionados mapas de distribuição geográfica de todas as espécies, o que revelou que algumas apresentam distribuição bastante restrita (principalmente as espécies braquípteras), enquanto outras têm uma distribuição bastante ampla. Uma chave dicotômica para a identificação das espécies foi preparada, visando facilitar a identificação das mesmas. / This study is a taxonomic revision of the New World Morion, which has nine valid species (M. arida, M. boliviensis, M. brasiliensis, M. cordata, M. costigera, M. ycloma, M. lafertii, M. monilicornis and M. simplex), of which, only one of them is not recorded in the Neotropical region (M. monilicornis). A detailed morphological study was done aiming for finding out new diagnostic characteristics in order to test the current taxonomic hypothesis and to make specific identification easier. These nine species were analyzed and remained valid; no new one was found. The analysis of new structures made it possible to find some characters never studied before (e.g., M. brasiliensis brachyptery) and strengthened the previous hypothesis. The maps representing the geographic distribution of all species revealed that some of them have a limited area of occurrence (mainly the flightless species), although others are widespread. A dichotomic identification key was also done to facilitate species identification.

Bombyliidae é uma das maiores famílias de Diptera com mais de 4822 espécies descritas ao redor do mundo, divididas em 16 subfamílias e 18 tribos. A tribo Exoprosopini dividem-se em 11 gêneros, dos quais Exoprosopa e Ligyra tem distribuição cosmopolita. O gênero Ligyra Newman s.l. objeto deste estudo, possui 109 espécies, das quais 20 têm sido descritas no Novo Mundo. Uma revisão taxonômica das espécies neárticas e neotropicais de Ligyra é feita no presente estudo, incluindo redescrições e registros fotográficos das mesmas. Após a revisão taxonômica, quatro espécies foram sinonimizadas (L. fenestella syn. nov. e L. maracaensis syn. nov. são consideradas sinônimos júnior de Gen. nov. harpyia; L. guerinii syn. nov. foi considerado sinônimo júnior de Gen. nov. latreilli; L. klugii syn. nov. foi considerado sinônimo júnior de Gen. nov. proserpina e a subespécie Ligyra cerberus trifigurata foi considerada sinônimo júnior de Gen. nov. cerberus). Uma chave para identificação destas espécies, baseada em caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos, de fácil observação, também é apresentada. Além da revisão taxonômica uma análise cladística de Ligyra no Novo Mundo foi feita a fim de testar se essas espécies, que atualmente estão incluídas no gênero, pertencem, de fato, a este grupo ou se precisam ser realocadas em algum outro gênero de Exoprosopini ou ainda em um novo gênero. Para tal, neste estudo foi utilizada uma matriz de caracteres morfológicos disponível em literatura, que já vem sendo utilizada para inferir a filogenia dos Exoprosopini. A análise cladística contou com 92 táxons terminais e 207 caracteres morfológicos obtendo-se como resultado, após análise com algoritmos de novas tecnologias a partir do software TNT, 12 árvores mais parcimoniosas cujo consenso estrito possui L=3089, CI: 15 e RI: 49. Os resultados apontam que Ligyra s.l. forma um grupo monofilético composto pelos gêneros: Ligyra s. str. (spp. Australianas), Euligyra (spp. Afrotropicais) e Gênero novo (spp. do Novo Mundo). As espécies de Ligyra s.l. no Novo Mundo foram realocadas em um gênero novo suportado por uma sinapomorfia e quatro homoplasias. / Bombyliidae is one of the largest families of Diptera with more than 4800 species, known worldwide, divided in 16 subfamilies and 18 tribes. The tribe Exoprosopini is divided into 11 genera, of which Exoprosopa Macquart and Ligyra Newman has cosmopolitan distribution. The genus Ligyra s.l., main subject of this study, has 109 species, of which 20 were described to the New World. A taxonomic review of the Nearctic and Neotropical species of Ligyra is implemented in this study, including redescription and photographic records of them. After the taxonomic review, four species were synonymized (L. fenestella syn. nov.and L. maracaensis syn. nov. are considered junior synonym of Gen. nov. harpyia; L. guerinii syn. nov. is considered junior synonym of Gen. nov. latreilli; L. klugii syn. nov .is considered junior synonym of Gen. nov. proserpina and the subspecies Ligyra Cerberus trifigurata is considered junior synonym of Gen. nov. cerberus). An identification key for these species, based on morphological diagnostic characters, easily seen, is also presented. Besides the taxonomic revision a cladistics analysis of the New Worlds Ligyra is implemented in order to test whether these species, which are currently included in the genus, belong, in fact, to this group or if they need to be relocated at some other genus of Exoprosopini or even to a new genus. For this purpose, we used a matrix of morphological characters available in the literature, which is already being used to infer the phylogeny of Exoprosopini. The cladistic analysis included 92 terminal taxa and 207 morphological characters. After analysis with algorithms of new technologies from the software TNT, 12 more parsimonious trees, whose strict consensus has L = 3089, CI 15 and RI: 49, are obtained. The results show that Ligyra s.l. constitutes a monophyletic group composed by the following genera: Ligyra s. str. (Australian spp.), Euligyra (Afrotropical spp.) and New Genus (New World spp.). The species of Ligyra s.l. in the New World are relocated into a new genus, which monophyly is supported by one synapomorphy and four homoplasies.

This thesis explores how the paratexts to and physical features of English Tudor books about the New World presented the books’ content to their original readers. The contribution this thesis makes to knowledge is threefold. First, the field of study of English travel and colonial literature lacks a bibliographically informed account of how the books’ constitutive elements of type and paper affect meaning. Widespread use of modern editions of the few accessible texts effaces the originals’ rich aesthetic, structural and tactile forms and fails to comprehensively historicise the production and intentions of the books. The careful, contextualised examinations of typefounts and composition included in this thesis go beyond what has been previously done and suggest agendas for further, necessary and illuminating bibliographical work. Second, the thesis presents the first comprehensively investigative survey of how the paratextual elements of the books marketed the New World to Tudor England. It goes beyond John Parker’s fifty-year-old _Books to Build an Empire_ (1965) by considering the full range of forty-three editions’ paratextual apparatus, not just prefaces, proems and dedications. It is simultaneously a counterbalance to the narrow focus on Richard Hakluyt’s anthological _Principal Navigations_ (1598-1600). The thesis begins the much-needed recovery of the conceptual and publication histories of both the constitutive texts reprinted in _Principal Navigations_ and those not included in Hakluyt’s anthology that are nontheless relevant to the history of the genre. Third, this survey that challenges a still powerful teleology: that the publications were unequivocally books to build an empire. Many of these books were in fact marketed as recreational reads. As the paratextual, structural and material features of many of the books this thesis looks at are under-explored and under-reported, close examination of multiple exemplars was necessary to ensure that this thesis is a representative and reliable record of the marketing strategies used to promote Tudor books about America.

This dissertation makes the argument that the Franklin Roosevelt administration (1933-1945) embarked upon a global hegemonic project to transform the United States into a world empire and bring about the "New World Order." In addition, the expansion of U.S. commercial and military air routes was seen as instrumental to the realization of this project.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the relationally based “Calm-Driven” Service (CDS) training program from the New World Kirkpatrick model perspective. The CDS training program is designed to help automotive professionals in sales and service to relate to their customers by (a) thinking in a different way about human relationships, and (b) realizing their own role in relationships and behavior. The CDS training program is based on the relational systems theory concepts of relational triangles, chronic anxiety, and differentiation of self from the Bowen Family Systems Theory. The results suggest that the participants had a positive reaction to the training program. Specifically they found the training favorable, relevant to their professional needs, engaging, comprehendible, and capable of creating change in educational experience through time (level 1: reaction). They gained the intended knowledge, skills, attitude, confidence, and commitment to apply newly gained knowledge on the job (level 2: learning). Participants’ behavior changed in their ability to relate to their customers by being (a) able to think in defined ways, and (b) realize their own role in relationships and behavior. Notably, newly learned behaviors were maintained two months after the training program was complete due to a successful monitoring, reinforcing, encouraging, and rewarding system (level 3: behavior). The improvement of the associates’ relational skills indicates that the training helped the organization to move on track to their overall goal, which is to help the stakeholders to become the number one volume dealer (level 4: results). Evaluation results demonstrate that relational training based on the Bowen Family Systems Theory could be successfully implemented and show positive results for the organization and their associates. Therefore, it is recommended that marriage and family therapists, as specialists in relational systems thinking, would focus future research on development, application, and evaluation of relationally based trainings.

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This is an investigation of the epic poetry produced in and about the Ibero-American world during the early modern period (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries) in trilingual perspective: in addition to the more familiar Spanish- and Portuguese-language texts, consideration is also––and, for the purposes of the thesis, above all––given to material in Latin. Latin was the third of the international literary languages of the Iberian imperial world; it is also by far the most neglected, having fallen between the cracks of modern disciplinary boundaries in their current configurations. The thesis seeks to rehabilitate the Latin-language component as a fully-fledged member of the Ibero-American epic tradition, arguing that it demands to be analysed with reference not only to the classical and classicising traditions but to those same themes and concerns––in this case, the centre|periphery binary––as are investigated for counterparts when in Spanish or Portuguese. The crucial difference is that––while the ends may be the same––the means of thematising these issues derive in form and signifying power from interactions with the conceptual vocabularies and frameworks of the Greco-Roman epic tradition. How is America represented and New World space figured––even produced––in a poetic idiom first developed by ancient Mediterranean cultures with no conception whatsoever of the continent of the western hemisphere? At the core is one such long neglected Ibero-American Latin-language epic by a figure who lived across the Iberian imperial world: the 'De Invento Novo Orbe Inductoque Illuc Christi Sacrificio' (Faenza, 1777) by Catalan-born Jesuit José Manuel Peramás. Peramás’s epic––which has never been the subject of a literary-critical study before––is offered as a test case: an exercise in analysing a Latin-language Hispanic epic qua Hispanic epic and setting it into Ibero-American literary-cultural context. This is to be understood in relation to the field of so-called ‘New World poetics’: an at present emergent zone of inquiry within Iberian colonial studies which until now has been developing almost completely without reference to the Latin-language portion of the corpus.