<p>I den här studien undersöks hur vägledning av nyanlända elever på grundskolan går till utifrån ett vägledarperspektiv. Undersökningen är förlagd till grundskolor i Stockholms stad som har förberedelseklasser på högstadienivå. Genom en kvalitativ metod har studie- och yrkesvägledare intervjuats om arbetssätt, syn på användande av tolk vid samtal och hur de själva ser på sina styrkor och svagheter som vägledare. Resultatet visar att i de flesta fall blir det samtal som är baserade på information istället för vägledning. Informationen handlar om IVIK och vägen dit. Vägledarna upplever att det finns svårigheter i samtalen som kan handla om okunskap om olika kulturer och om vägledarens egna fördomar. Resultatet visar dock att vägledarna anser sig ha många av de egenskaper som de tycker att en vägledare ska ha i samtal med nyanlända elever. Det är bland annat empati, vara bra på att lyssna och ha förmågan att visa respekt för alla elever oavsett bakgrund.</p>

I den här studien undersöks hur vägledning av nyanlända elever på grundskolan går till utifrån ett vägledarperspektiv. Undersökningen är förlagd till grundskolor i Stockholms stad som har förberedelseklasser på högstadienivå. Genom en kvalitativ metod har studie- och yrkesvägledare intervjuats om arbetssätt, syn på användande av tolk vid samtal och hur de själva ser på sina styrkor och svagheter som vägledare. Resultatet visar att i de flesta fall blir det samtal som är baserade på information istället för vägledning. Informationen handlar om IVIK och vägen dit. Vägledarna upplever att det finns svårigheter i samtalen som kan handla om okunskap om olika kulturer och om vägledarens egna fördomar. Resultatet visar dock att vägledarna anser sig ha många av de egenskaper som de tycker att en vägledare ska ha i samtal med nyanlända elever. Det är bland annat empati, vara bra på att lyssna och ha förmågan att visa respekt för alla elever oavsett bakgrund.

Municipalities in Sweden have had severe difficulties with providing housing for newly arrived immigrants that have been granted permanent or temporary residency in Sweden. There is a shortage of affordable apartments and houses in Sweden, due to multiple reasons. The purpose of this essay was to study social workers’ experiences and perceptions of the housing situation for newly arrived immigrants and the tools and strategies they possess to affect the housing situation.  The empirical data has been gathered through semi-structured interviews with seven social workers in three municipalities in Sweden. Our result shows that social workers in this sector have to deal with a wide range of emotions, such as stress, frustration, anger and joy. Furthermore, the result proved that current housing policies are not working in favour of newly arrived immigrants. The social workers interviewed in the study experienced that newly arrived immigrants had very limited possibilities to retain a place to reside in Sweden. We have analyzed our findings through the theoretical concepts of social capital and empowerment, and found that a person’s social capital has a large impact on his or hers housing situation. As a conclusion, we feel that further research about newly arrived immigrants and housing is needed so that unacceptable living conditions for newly arrived immigrants as well as stress and frustration for the people in this line of work can be avoided.

Objet de forts débats, la scolarisation des enfants immigrés en Europe est un défi pour tous les acteurs impliqués. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comparer, d’une part, les attitudes des enfants immigrés et, d’autre part, l’implémentation des systèmes éducatifs à Paris et à Bruxelles (Communauté francophone). La méthodologie s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain dans une perspective ethnographique avec des observations participantes et des entretiens dans quatre écoles élémentaires de chaque ville.Deux hypothèses sont formulées. La première suppose que ces enfants sont des acteurs sociaux actifs dans la gestion de situations de conflits et dans leur processus de socialisation en général. La seconde suggère que leurs expériences en tant qu’enfants immigrés mettent en cause le statu quo scolaire car elles dévoilent les contradictions des systèmes éducatifs par rapport à leurs principes de base. Le résultat le plus important est qu’il n’y a pas de différences significatives entre les écoles parisiennes et bruxelloises. La présence d’enfants immigrés exige de nouvelles réponses de la part des acteurs impliqués. L’École souffre ainsi d’une remise en cause de ses principes de base de normalisation et de discipline. Les difficultés à prendre en compte les immigrés et travailler avec eux, le décalage entre les cultures scolaire et non scolaire, les efforts vains pour soutenir la fiction de l’égalité, le manque de professionnalisation du personnel, génèrent des symptômes d’évitement, d’ennui collectif et individuel, et parfois même la peur chez certains adultes vis-à-vis des élèves immigrés – autant de symptômes qui contribuent à renforcer les phénomènes de ségrégation scolaire. / Object of strong debates, migrant children’s schooling is a challenge for all social actors involved.The objective of this thesis is to compare, on the one hand, migrant children’s attitudes, and, on the other hand, the implementation of programmes within primary school educational systems in Paris and Brussels (French community). Methodology includes fieldwork with an ethnographical perspective involving participant observations and interviews in four primary schools in each city.I make two hypotheses. First, migrant children are active social actors embedded in conflictual situations and in their socialisation process in general. Second, their experiences as migrant children challenge the status quo of the existing school system because they reveal the contradictions of educational systems in relation to their basic principles. The main result is that there are not many differences between primary schools in Paris and Brussels. The presence of migrant children shows that School which is sees its core principles of normalisation, discipline and formation challenged. Their presence requires new answers from all adults involved. Difficulties to acknowledge migrants and to work with them, gaps between schooling and extra-schooling culture, efforts to maintain the fiction of equality (égalité), the lack of professionalization of staff; all generate symptoms such as avoidance, collective and individual boredom, and even fear amongst some adults towards their migrant pupils. In turn, these symptoms tend to further increase the phenomenon of segregation in schooling.

Immigrants are more likely to be unemployed, have temporary jobs and low income, which makes labour market integration an important political challenge. Access to paid work is central for the economic situation and social position in society, but knowledge of factors and policies that improve labour market integration for newly arrived immigrants still remains limited. Prior research point out that integration is a process involving both micro and macro dimension, where individuals gradually approach employment. However, no measure of distance to the labour market exist which can give insight on individuals far away from the labour market. With data from the Public Employment Service, this thesis will develop an index as a way to scale the distance between unemployed and employed. It will look into the dynamics of labour market integration by investigating the hub of active policies aiming at directly affecting the economic situation of immigrant; the introduction programme. A year after finishing the introduction program, there are significant differences in the distance to the labour market and probability of employment between the index groups. The results indicate three main findings; the number of activities, the time until you start an activity and what activities are included in the introduction plan matter for labour market integration. Comparing groups within the index reveals that women, lower educated and individuals arriving as quota refugees are further away from the labour market. In conclusion the index is a useful tool to assess labour market distance and provides a measure with predictive power, even after controlling for individual characteristics.