Pott’s disease is a health problem in developing countries and its diagnosis in children is a challenge. Here we present the case of a two-year-old boy with Pott’s disease involving T1 to T3 thoracic vertebrae. The clinical presentation was characterized by difficulty walking, fever, cough, and dyspnea. At physical examination, kyphosis and bony prominence were observed in the cervicodorsal area. A positive tuberculin test was obtained, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated via culture of the gastric aspiration sample. The spine MRI showed a chronic abscess, destruction of two vertebrae, and bone marrow compression. The patient experienced some improvement with anti-TB therapy. Here, we emphasize the importance of giving consideration to the clinical suspicion for the early detection of this condition, as well as a quick TB-treatment start so as to avoid the disability and mortality associated to this disease. / Revisión por pares / Revisión por pares

Objective: To evaluate the association between the use of a 3D virtual App and academic performance among Peruvian medical students. In addition, factors associated with academic performance were also assessed. Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in students enrolled in the Musculoskeletal System course during the first semester of 2019. Students filled out a data collection form and the "Self-directed learning readiness scale" (SDLRS) questionnaire adapted by Fisher, King, and Tangle. Linear regression models were carried out to assess the association between the appropriate use of the application and academic performance. Additionally, the factors associated with academic performance were evaluated using nested models, and beta coefficients were calculated by manual forward selection. Results: A total of 187 medical students were included. The 61% were female and the median age was 21 [20-22] years. The average grade was 13.5 +/- 2 and 21% reported an adequate use of a 3D App. No association was found between the use of the 3D App and academic performance in the adjusted model (a beta = 0.17; 95% CI: -0.45 to 0.80). We found that age (a beta = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.39 to -0.06), performing extracurricular activities (a beta = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.24) and having failed an anatomy/physiology course before (a beta = -2.11 to 95% CI: -2.9 to -1.8) were factors associated with academic performance. Conclusion: The adequate use of a 3D application to study the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system was not significantly associated with better academic performance. / Revisión por pares

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Introduction: Approximately, one in three Peruvian children aged 6 to 59 months old have anaemia. Maternal depression, which may be disabling and affect the proper care of children, is associated with chronic malnutrition in their offspring. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate if there is an association between depressive symptoms of mothers with the presence of anaemia in their children. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study of the Peruvian Demographic Health Survey 2015, which is nationally representative. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) using a score of 10 as cut-off. The presence of anaemia was measured using HemoCue® and was considered positive when the haemoglobin was less than 11 g/dl. Results: Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR and aPR) were calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI), using generalized linear models of the Poisson family. We analysed 6683 mother–child binomials. The prevalence of anaemia in the children and depressive symptoms in women were 28.7% (95% CI: 27.3–30.2) and 6.9% (95% CI: 6.1–7.9), respectively. We found no statistically significant association between these variables in the bivariable analysis or in the different multivariable models (aPR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85–1.30). The sample did not have moderate or severe malnutrition. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of anaemia in children of mothers with or without depressive symptoms. We recommend continuing research in this field to determine more associate factors to childhood anaemia in order to improve primary prevention interventions. Ideally, conducting longitudinal studies such as prospectives cohorts to determine risk factors should be done. / Revisión por pares

COVID-19 is rarely reported in children and they are mildly affected in most cases. The most common clinical presentation of COVID-19 is cough, fever and sore throat; severe cases show tachypnea. The course of the disease is from one to two weeks. Laboratory findings are nonspecific; lymphopenia, elevation of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin have been described. Early chest X-ray is usually normal, and the most common tomographic findings are consolidations with halo, ground-glass opacities and tiny nodules which mainly affects subpleural areas. Management of the disease is supportive; in severe cases, it should be focused on respiratory support. It is recommended to limit the handling of respiratory secretions and to follow the same preventive measures provided to adults. / Revisión por pares

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Jenkins Sleep Scale with 4 items (JSS-4) of the Peruvian health system's (PHS) nurses and physicians. Methods: We carried out a psychometric study based on secondary analysis in a sample from a nationally representative survey that used acomplex sampling design. The participants were physicians and nurses aged 18–65 years, working in PHS private and public facilities, who have fulfilled all JSS-4 items. We performed a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was evaluated via two estimates - classic alpha (α) and categorical omega (ω) coefficients. Also, we tested the invariance across groups of variables. The convergent validity was evaluated based on the relation between JSS-4 and PHQ-2 using Pearson's correlation coefficient and effect size (Cohen's d). Also, we designed normative values based on percentiles. Results: We included 2100 physicians and 2826 nurses in the analysis. We observed that the unidimensional model has adequate goodness-of-fit indices and values of α and ω coefficients. No measurement invariance was found between the groups of professionals and age groups; however, invariance was achieved between sex, monthly income, work-related illness, and chronic illness groups. Regarding the relation with other variables, the JSS-4 has a small correlation with PHQ-2. Also, profession and age-specific normative values were proposed. Conclusion: JSS-4 Spanish version has adequate psychometric properties in PHS nurses and physicians. / Revisión por pares

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EwertonDN_DISSERT.pdf: 4357482 bytes, checksum: 09ab69bc2fc80d44211436da767b9227 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-27 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / Objective: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of sports activities for children participating in social programs. Method: It s dealt with in a survey of a descriptive nature. The sample was composed of 51 participants from the Project Nova Descoberta, ranging in ages from 8 to 17, males (n=29) and females (n=22). A semi-directed interview was applied with 10 items over a period of 2 consecutive years (2007-2008) with children and adolescents, besides obtaining documental data in the schools that have an agreement with the Project. Results: The performance of the participants in the groups that joined and did not join in terms of schoolwork production in the year 2007 did not present statistical differences (p<0,05). A significant difference (p<0,05) was observed in the discipline of Portuguese when compared between the groups, with a higher average for the students who joined in 2008. Discussion: In the face of the context found in social sports projects, emerges a series of indicators that contribute for a reliable evaluation. The manifestation of other characteristics in the environment could be interfering in the participation and involvement in physical activity and consequently in the health and quality of life situation of the children and adolescents. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the school work performance indicators can be taken together with other indicators, such as a development of various abilities, participation in other activities, motivation for the activities, behavior and attitudes at home and at school, for evaluation of social projects / Objetivos: O presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a contribui??o das pr?ticas desportivas para as crian?as participantes em programas sociais. M?todo: Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza descritiva. A amostra foi composta por 51 participantes do Projeto Nova Descoberta, com faixa et?ria entre 8 a 17 anos, do sexo masculino (n=29) e feminino (n=22). Como instrumento foi aplicado uma entrevista semi-aberta com 10 itens em um per?odo de dois anos consecutivos (2007 e 2008) com as crian?as e adolescentes, al?m dos dados documentais nas escolas conveniadas do Projeto. Resultados: O desempenho dos participantes nos grupos aderentes e n?o aderentes em termos de rendimento escolar no ano de 2007 n?o apresentaram diferen?as estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05). Observou-se diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) na disciplina de Portugu?s quando da compara??o entre os grupos, com m?dia maior para os alunos aderentes no ano 2008. Discuss?o: Diante do contexto encontrado nos projetos esportivos sociais, surge uma s?rie de indicadores que contribuiriam para uma avalia??o da validade da proposta com fidedignidade. Existe a possibilidade de outras caracter?sticas do ambiente interferir na participa??o e no envolvimento em atividade f?sica, e conseq?entemente, na situa??o sa?de e qualidade de vida das crian?as e adolescentes. Conclus?o: Verificou-se que indicadores de desempenho escolar podem ser tomados em conjunto com demais elementos como desenvolvimento de habilidades, participa??o em outras atividades, motiva??o para as atividades, comportamento e atitudes tanto na casa dos participantes como na escola, para avalia??o mais ampla e efetiva de projetos sociais

We carried out an observational, retrospective and descriptive study in order to identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a Peruvian national referral hospital. We included patients from one month old to fourteen years old hospitalized between March and August 2020. A total of 125 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted, 18.4% (n = 23) had critical illness and 16.8% (n = 21) had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). The absence of comorbidities and previous history of epidemiological contact were more frequent in patients with MIS-C. Patients in critical condition and patients with MIS-C had lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and higher C-reactive protein, ferritin and D-dimer values than patients who did not have said conditions. Six (4.8%) out of 125 children died, as well as 3 (13%) children from the group of patients in critical condition. None of the children with MIS-C died. / Revisión por pares

The master's thesis is concerned with digital image denoising methods. The theoretical part explains some elementary terms related to image processing, image noise, categorization of noise and quality determining criteria of denoising process. There are also particular denoising methods described, mentioning their advantages and disadvantages in this paper. The practical part deals with an implementation of the selected denoising methods in a Java, in the environment of application RapidMiner. In conclusion, the results obtained by different methods are compared.

La Fièvre catarrhale ovine (FCO) est une arbovirose émergente en Europe depuis la fin desannées 90. Elle affecte principalement les ruminants par la piqûre de petits moucheronshématophages, les Culicoides (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae). Pendant l’été 2006, l’introductiondu sérotype 8 de la FCO, dans la région de Maastricht (Pays-Bas) a rapidement diffusé dansles Ardennes, générant de lourdes pertes pour les éleveurs de bovins et d’ovins. Cesévènements interrogent sur la capacité des Culicoides de la région paléarctique à transmettrela FCO. Ils révèlent la nécessité de mieux connaître la biologie de ces diptères.Nous avons développé successivement dans ce travail, trois axes de recherche qui se sontappuyés sur un travail de terrain réalisé principalement au sein de deux élevages situés dansles Ardennes françaises.Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé une expérimentation de gorgement de Culicoidesde captures et d’émergences, provenant des Ardennes, sur petits ruminants virémiques pour leBTV8. A l’issue des expérimentations, une femelle gorgée de l’espèce Culicoides obsoletus apondu et a été retrouvée faiblement positive lors de la recherche du génome du virus de laFCO. Les résultats obtenus ainsi que les difficultés rencontrées lors de la réalisation de cetype d’expérimentation sont discutés.Le deuxième travail exposé s’est intéressé au comportement trophique des Culicoides parl’étude de l’origine du repas sanguin de femelles de Culicoides piégées dans des biotopesvariés. A cette fin, nous avons utilisé des marqueurs moléculaires pour amplifier l’ADN devertébré présent dans les estomacs de femelles gorgées. Ces analyses ont permis de mettre enévidence que des espèces appartenant aux complexes Obsoletus, Pulicaris, ou encore,Culicoides dewulfi, avaient un spectre d’hôte large. Certaines d’entre elles peuvent se gorger àla fois sur les ruminants domestiques et sur la faune sauvage. De plus, ce type d’étuderenseigne sur l’écologie des différentes espèces de Culicoides.Enfin, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude faunistique fondée sur des captures avec despièges lumineux, mais aussi, des prélèvements de boue pour la recherche des gîtes larvaires.Les résultats de piégeages entre les deux exploitations ont été comparés, notamment en termesde biodiversité, et sont discutés en regard des différences de pratiques d’élevage entre lesdeux exploitations choisies d’une part, et la mise en évidence des gîtes larvaires d’autre part.De nombreuses espèces de Culicoides ont émergé au laboratoire à partir des prélèvements deboues, qui ont été caractérisés macroscopiquement. Les gîtes larvaires de C. obsoletus, peuconnus jusqu’alors, ont été mis en évidence dans les deux fermes. Ils ont fait l’objet d’un suivisur plusieurs mois.L’ensemble de ces études contribue à la meilleure connaissance des Culicoides présents dansles Ardennes et de leur biologie, elles permettent de rendre compte des espèces qui semblenttrès inféodées à l’élevage de bovins, et celles qui sont plus ubiquistes. Certains travauxprésentés pourraient être poursuivis pour mettre en évidence les espèces ou populations deCulicoides plutôt sylvatiques, et pour mettre en place de nouvelles expérimentations sur lacompétence et la capacité vectorielle des Culicoides. / Since the late 90’s, Bluetongue disease (BT) can be considered as an emerging arbovirose inEurope. This disease is mainly transmitted to ruminants by the bites of minute size midges,the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), also known as biting midges. An outbreak of BTserotype 8 occurred during summer 2006, in the region of Maastricht (Netherlands) andspread quickly to the Ardennes region. The epizooty lead to severe losses in cattle and sheepholdings. These events highlighted the lack of knowledge on the vectorial capacity ofpaleartic Culicoides species, and more generally on their biology.Three approaches are successively treated in this document. They are all based on field workconducted mainly in two holdings located in the Ardennes region.First, an experiment to assess oral susceptibility of Culicoides to Bluetongue virus (BTV) 8was undertaken. Field collected and emerging Culicoides coming from the Ardennes wereengorged on viremic small ruminants. At the end of the experiments, one Culicoides obsoletusfemale was found bloodfed and laid eggs. She was tested for BTV and was found weaklypositive for BTV genome. This result and the difficulties met during the experiment havebeen discussed.The second study focused on the bloodmeal origin of engorged females of Culicoides. Thesewere collected by light traps set in different kinds of environment. Molecular markers wereused in order to amplify the DNA of vertebrates present in the stomach of bloodfed females.Some of the species processed belonging to the Obsoletus or the Pulicaris complex, andCulicoides dewulfi fed on a wide variety of hosts, including domestic ruminants and wildanimals. Moreover, this kind of study brings information on the ecology of different speciesof Culicoides.Finally, a faunistic survey is presented. It was achieved through light trap collections ofmidges and also thanks to the sampling of potential breeding sites. Biodiversity in thecollection of midges captured by light traps between the two holdings were compared.Differences observed are discussed taking into account the differences in breeding practicesbetween the two holdings and the breeding sites investigations. Numerous species ofCulicoides emerged in the laboratory from soil samples which were macroscopicallydescribed. Breeding sites of C. obsoletus, which were not well documentated in the literature,were found in both farms. These were monitored over some months.This work contributes to a better knowledge of the Culicoides present in the Ardennes andtheir biology. It highlights the species which are closely related to the cattle holdingenvironment, and those which are ubiquist. Some of these studies could be continued in orderto highlight the species more related to the forested areas, and to set new experiments onvectorial competence and capacity.

The main health interventions for health promotion and disease prevention that should be performed in women in the Peruvian health system are described. A review of normative technical documents and the recommendations of the main organizations for worldwide prevention was carried out. The prevention activities included physical activity, healthy eating, tobacco counseling, immunizations; In addition, the main screening for women, such as depression, violence, cardiovascular risk, cervical cytology, mammography, colon cancer, are detailed; and within the spectrum of quaternary prevention, interventions that have not shown evidence of benefit to women are detailed. The health interventions that are offered from the Peruvian health system for women, being merely focused on reproductive aspects, lose the conception of integrality that should prevail for the maintenance of health. In that sense, it is proposed to develop strategies that not only have evidence, but also know how to respond to the needs of women in the Peruvian context. / Revisión por pares