Food is vital to human life. Therefore, ensuring its safety as it moves from producer to consumer in food supply chains (FSCs) is essential. This can be achieved through the use of food traceability technology which enables track and trace of produce within a FSC. Recently, blockchain technology (BCT) has shown great potential to enhance traceability in FSCs, owing to its ability to securely store data in a decentralised and tamper-evident manner. However, it appears that research on blockchain-enabled food traceability exists primarily within the context of large FSCs, whilst scarce for local FSCs in which traceability is often an inefficient and manual process. Given this background, this exploratory research is carried out, to investigate whether a blockchain-enabled system can be used to improve traceability in local FSCs. To do this, we (i) collaborate with Oranjezicht City Farm Market (OZCFM) - a farmers market in Cape Town, the smallholder farmers that supply OZCFM with fresh local produce and the OZCFM patrons that purchase the produce; (ii) map out the local FSC by conducting observations and running surveys with the aforementioned actors; (iii) design, develop and pilot FoodPrint - a web based and blockchain-enabled food traceability application. During the pilot within the OZCFM-related local FSC, FoodPrint is used to capture data on the harvest, transportation and storage of produce; and reveal produce provenance at destination by scanning of supplier-produce specific quick response (QR) codes. We find that FoodPrint provides tamper-evident traceability and authentic transparency of produce related data to the local FSC actors. Further, we note that scanning a FoodPrint QR code for produce provenance does not enhance the consumers trust of the local FSC, as it pre-exists. This implies that local FSCs with existing and functional trust mechanisms do not benefit from trust-enhancing mechanisms such as blockchain-enabled traceability. Future work may consider data privacy in FSCs and automating FSC data entry to reduce the risk of fraud.

This diploma work deals with a design of the accumulated chain conveyor with circuit palette. The work is concentrated on the design of workings and functional and strenght caltulations. The drawing dokumentacions are within the range detail drawings and assembly drawings.

El artículo describe la importancia de la gestión de relación con los proveedores en la cadena de abastecimiento y describe algunos de sus beneficios.

Idag har bygg- och anläggningsbranschen låg produktivitet och icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter uppgår till 30- 35% av projektets produktionskostnad. Genom en effektiv logistikhantering ökar produktiviteten och minskar slöserier och därmed byggkostnaden. Studien fokuserar på anläggningsbranschen då det i dagsläget är brist på forskar- och grundutbildad personal inom anläggning vilket även speglar sig i antalet vetenskapliga artiklar som publicerats inom anläggning. Det finns därför ett syfte i att skapa en större teoretisk förståelse för anläggningsbranschen. Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka planeringsfasen för logistik i ett anläggningsprojekt och ta fram en konceptuell logistiskmodell för ett anläggningsprojekt. I anläggningsprojekt är det ofta problem med stora projektytor och svåråtkomlig terräng men det kan även vara problem med trånga utrymmen runt projektet. Dessutom innebär projekt i anläggningsbranschen ofta omfattande hantering av massor. I fallföretaget finns det ingen tydlig logistiskmodell som efterföljs och man har svårt att se fördelarna med att använda logistik. Målet med studien är att genom den konceptuellt framtagna logistiskmodellen få ett standardiserat arbetssätt och därmed effektivisera produktionen och minska kostnaderna. Dessutom är målet att bidra till forskningen om logistik i anläggningsbranschen. Explorativt forskningssyfte har använts för att uppfylla studien syfte. Detta för att skapa en större förståelse för logistik i anläggningsbranschen. Forskningsansatsen är deduktiv i och med att logistikmodellen har utvecklats från befintlig teori, och testas empiririsk i fokusgrupper. En kvalitativ strategi har tillämpats på denna studie då fokus är på att skapa en djupare förståelse och ge möjlighet till anpassning beroende på vad som hittas i datainsamlingen. De datainsamlingsmetoder som har använts är litteraturstudie, intervjuer, fokusgrupper och kvalitativ sekundärdata. För att säkerställa studiens kvalitet användes triangulering men även granskning av handledare och personer som deltog under fokusgrupper och intervjuer. Den konceptuella logistiskmodellen består av sjutton komponenter som innehåller aktiviteter/verktyg och förutsättningar som krävs för en effektiv logistikhantering i anläggning. Med hjälp av denna modell kan företag utvärdera vilka logistiska aktiviteter som bör genomföras i ett anläggningsprojekt samt se vilka förutsättningar som krävs. I fallföretaget genomförs inte alla dessa aktiviteter och det är vissa viktiga förutsättningar som fattas. Fallföretaget rekommenderas att upprätta en utbildning om logistik, skapa en tydligare logistikorganisation och ta fram standardiserade processer för logistik. / Today the construction industry has low productivity and the waste is about 30-35% of a project's production cost. By using an efficient logistics management the productivity will increase, which will reduce the waste and production cost. This thesis focuses on the construction industry with focus on civil engineering projects. It is a lack of research that focus on civil engineering projects, which is reflected in the number of scientific articles that has been published in this area. Hence, this is a reason to research further about civil engineering projects in order to create a bigger theoretical understanding. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the planning process with focus on logistic and to develop a conceptual logistic model for civil engineering projects. In civil engineering projects, companies often have problem with large project areas and difficult terrain around the project. But there can also be problems with narrow spaces. In addition to this, civil engineering projects often have to manage a large amount of masses. The company that this thesis has been conducted at has no clear logistic model that the staff follows, and they find it difficult to see the benefits with logistic. The aim of this thesis is to develop a conceptual logistic model that generates a more standardized work method that streamline the production and reduce the costs. In addition, the goal is also to contribute to research on logistics in the construction industry that focus on civil engineering projects. To fulfill the aim of the thesis an exploratory research have been used. This to create a greater understanding of logistics in the construction industry with focus on civil engineering projects. The research approach is deductive because the logistic model has been developed from existing theory and been empirically tested by using focus groups. A qualitative strategy has been applied on this thesis since the aim is to create a deeper understanding and a qualitative strategy gives an opportunity to adjust the thesis depending on what is found in the data collection. The data has been collected through a literature study, interviews, and focus groups. Data has also been collected from qualitative secondary data. During the focus groups the conceptual logistic model, which are based on the data from theory, interviews and empirical data, was tested. In order to ensure the quality of the thesis, triangulation was used. But the thesis was also reviewed by the supervisors and the persons who participated in the focus groups as well as the interviews. The conceptual logistic model consists of seventeen components that contains activities/tools and conditions that are required for an efficient logistics management. With this model the company that the thesis has been conducted at, but also other similar companies, can see what logistics activities needs to be done but also see what conditions are required. The company where the thesis has been conducted at does not perform all of these activities and some important conditions is not fulfilled. The company is recommended to educate in logistics, make a clear logistic organization and develop standardized processes for logistics.

No description available.

One of the most important areas of development within the evolution of commerce, is the acknowledgement that businesses can no longer compete as individual entities, but rather must function as part of a supply chain. Within an ever-competitive business environment, the ultimate success of a business can often be tied directly to the overall functionality and efficiency of its supply chain. Research within the area of supply chain management is vast, with prior contributions exploring the function of a supply chain from a plethora of social, economic, and commerce perspectives. Prior research has extended to evaluate multiple industries and geographies, over a number of economic and social issues (e.g. environmental sustainability through transport route modification, poverty reduction through global value chain refinement), along with core management and commerce areas (e.g. marketing initiatives through production cycle analysis, operations management through production capacity). Substantial contributions exist which focus on the role of supply chain management and the value of refining, optimizing and designing a chain to the requirements of an industry, economic environment, or business process. In addition to investigation on the definition, function, and applicability of the concept, prior contributions have effectively demonstrated the value of supply chain management in gaining competitive advantage, and improving the overall performance of a business. The notion that supply chain efficiency defines business advantage, has led to exploration of physical configurations and specifications of supply chains; with the primary undertone often centering around evaluating drivers of supply chain optimization, and therein organizational performance. Within existing research, the process of physical site placement, and managerial decision makers within an organization are identified as being key factors in the optimization of a supply chain. As such, a number of prior studies have investigated the drivers which influence physical location decisions, with the majority of research focusing on the impact of geographical location factors. Other studies have centered on the impact of management structure as a catalyst in refining and optimizing a supply chain. While significant research has focused on both areas individually (Barney, 1991; Chopra & Meindl, 2002; Christopher, 1998), relatively little attention has been placed on evaluating the correlation between these paradigms, and therein exploring the root drivers for management decisions. There appears to be substantial value in directly investigating this relationship, as the analysis of this interaction would provide a comprehensive interpretation of specific factors contributing to physical supply chain development decisions. This research evaluated decision making drivers impacting the placement of physical supply chain entities using augmented qualitative and quantitative primary data. One of the main objectives of this study was to define the accepted sequence of decision making priority with respect to land value determination, transportation and accessibility considerations, and tax incentive structures. Data for the study was collected through electronic surveys and interviews, from supply chain managers working at organizations with a minimum annual revenue of $1,000,000 USD. The proposed relationships were evaluated using rigorous statistical analysis including factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Results indicated the existence of a clear sequence in decision structure, with a measurable pattern of priority placed on specific decision criteria. Aspects of corporate culture within the scope of supply chain decision making were explored with insight into the foundation for physical site evaluation. Empirical data suggested the value of land as having the most substantial influence when making physical location decisions. A number of factors influence how managers determine land value, however the location of a site and its proximity to a firms affiliates (e.g. potential partners, strategic alliances) were identified as having the strongest impact. Other considerations including transportation structures, tax incentives, and the ability of a firm to attract highly productive labor also influenced location decisions, albeit to a lesser degree. While prior research suggests businesses often design supply chains with the intention of attracting inexpensive labor, the results of this study were contradictory. Specifically, this study identified a common hierarchical decision making structure, and finds businesses often place value on highly productive labor (not inexpensive labor) when making supply chain location decisions. Fundamentally, the results presented in this study allows firms to gain insight on how decision makers process and interpret information. Establishing the pattern and sequence of decision making priority in the initial physical site placement stage is critical in ascertaining how supply chain networks develop and grow. From an economic standpoint, findings from this study could be applied to competitor assessment, growth planning, and managerial assessment. Based on the notion that competition takes place through supply chain performance, the practical applications of this study provide a meaningful foundation for optimization and therefore competitive advantage. On a larger scale, this contribution is substantial, as it holds value to both academic and business paradigms in further evaluating the definition and optimization potential of a supply chain, and in providing insight into additional areas of business competitiveness.

El presente trabajo de tesis tiene como propósito diseñar una cadena de Suministro de materiales OCTG que permita a Petroselva S.A asegurar el abastecimiento oportuno de materiales críticos para el desarrollo de sus proyectos en fase de desarrollo. Para ello inicialmente se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a fin de conocer a profundidad conceptos claves como la aplicación de Lean Management en la Cadena de Suministros (Compras, Almacenamiento y Distribución), Herramientas para la mejora de procesos y Gestión de Compras. Estos conceptos y herramientas nos permitieron realizar la segunda etapa del trabajo de tesis. En la segunda etapa se realizó el diagnóstico del proceso en la actualidad, analizando cada etapa de los procesos internos y externos en la cadena de suministro. Para ello se considera el alcance desde la solicitud de las materiales a comprar, hasta el proceso de distribución y recepción de los materiales OCTG, con el fin de identificar oportunidades de mejora en los procesos de adjudicación, compra, distribución, almacenamiento. De esta forma podremos plantear un nuevo modelo de SC alineados con la estrategia, metas y objetivos de la empresa. Del análisis realizado y posterior uso de la herramienta diagrama de Ishikawa y matriz de priorización se obtiene que las 3 principales causas raíz de los problemas son: Mala Planificación de compras, Excesivas aprobaciones en el proceso de compras y una deficiente gestión de proveedores. Así mismo resulta clave definir mediante la matriz de Kraljic el tipo de producto (Estratégico) y por ello la mejor estrategia a utilizar para la presentación de las propuestas de mejora en cada uno de los problemas identificados. Finalmente se propone la implantación de una nueva cadena de suministro que nos permite cumplir con la entrega reduciendo los tiempos de adjudicación, compra y entrega de los materiales OCTG. / Tesis

Three methods for claims reserving are compared on two data sets. The first two methods are the commonly used chain ladder method that uses aggregated payments and the relatively new method, double chain ladder, that apart from the payments data also uses the number of reported claims. The third method is more advanced, data on micro-level is needed such as the reporting delay and the number of payment periods for every single claim. The two data sets that are used consist of claims with typically shorter and longer settlement time, respectively. The questions considered are if you can gain anything from using a method that is more advanced than the chain ladder method and if the gain differs from the two data sets. The methods are compared by simulating the reserves distributions as well as comparing the point estimates of the reserve with the real out-of-sample reserve. The results show that there is no gain in using the micro-level method considered. The double chain lad- der method on the other hand performs better than the chain ladder method. The difference between the two data sets is that the reserve in the data set with longer settlement times is harder to estimate, but no difference can be seen when it comes to method choice. / Tre reservsättningsmetoder jämförs på två dataset. De första två metoderna är den välkända chain ladder-metoden som använder sig av aggregerade utbetalningar samt den relativt nya metoden double chain ladder som förutom utbetalningarna använder sig av antalet anmälda skador. Den tredje metoden baseras på mikro-nivå och kräver information om varje enskild skada, såsom anmälningstid och antalet utbetalningsperioder. De två dataseten som används är ett som innehåller skador med typiskt kortare avvecklingstider och ett som innehåller skador med typiskt längre avvecklingstider. Frågorna som behandlas är om man vinner något på att använda en mer avancerad metod än chain ladder och om det skiljer sig åt mellan dataseten. Metoderna jämförs genom simulering av reserven, men också genom att jämföra punktskattningar med den verkliga reserven. Resultaten visar att man I detta fall inte vinner något på att använda mikro-metoden. Double chain ladder å andra sidan presterar bättre än chain ladder. Skillnaden mellan de två dataseten är att det är svårare att estimera reserven när avvecklingstiden är längre, men ingen skillnad ses när det gäller val av metod

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This paper is a research on recent studies on the importance of global supply chains from the perspective of farmers and suppliers. For the specific case of coffee in Peru, a survey model was used for assessing integration levels at the cooperatives in Quillabamba, Cusco, which revealed that the lack of alliances between first-level suppliers and farmers/cooperatives significantly affects sustainability in supply chain management. Therefore, this study proposes a strategic sourcing model where an intermediary integrates or strengthens the relationships between smallholders and improves interrelationships within the supply chain, thereby increasing productivity, yielding higher income, and improving product quality.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Over the years, the telecommunications sector has steadily grown in the last ten years while gaining relevance in the global market. Management of the supply chain generates various risks and complications, and many industries seek effective supply chain operation methods to meet their variable requirements. The objective of this research is to propose a supply-chain model focused on on-time delivery compliance with substantial support of knowledge management methodologies. The research study yielded a 91% increase in compliance from the given scenario.