ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CA / In this paper we consider the possibility of using a communications system that is operating between probes on the surface of an asteroid and an orbiting satellite to more accurately determine spatial positions. This is done by measuring the round trip communication delay between the orbiter and various surface probes to estimate distance. From these distance measurements, the position can be determined using trilateration - the same basic technique behind the earth-based GPS system. Within the framework of this scenario, the location of the probes or the orbiter can be determined depending on the scenario.

Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να μελετήσουμε την επίδραση της θερμοκρασίας στο ολικό μεταγράφωμα νυμφών zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton 1822), θέλοντας να εστιάσουμε το ενδιαφέρον μας στη διερεύνηση μηχανισμών και μορίων που εμπλέκονται στο φυλοκαθορισμό του συγκεκριμένου ψαριού. Kατορθώσαμε να επιδράσουμε με τρεις διαφορετικές θερμοκρασίες σε μία θερμοκρασιακά ευαίσθητη οντογενετική περίοδο, η οποία οριοθετείται από την 10 έως την 20dpf. Η επιλογή των θερμοκρασιών έγινε με σημείο αναφοράς τους 28 ºC, η οποία είναι η πρότυπη θερμοκρασία ανάπτυξης των zebrafish. Η μελέτη της επίδρασης της θερμοκρασίας επιτεύχθη με διατήρηση των πειραματικών μας πληθυσμών σε θερμοκρασίες που αποκλίνουν κατά 4-6 ºC από την πρότυπη, δηλαδή στους 32 ºC και 22 ºC αντίστοιχα. Ως εκ τούτου, ολόκληρος ο πειραματικός πληθυσμός αναπτύχθηκε στη πρότυπη θερμοκρασία των 28 ºC μέχρι και την 10 dpf, όπου μετά την πάροδο της χωρίστηκε σε τρεις υπoπληθυσμούς καθένας από τους οποίους εκτέθηκε στους 22 ºC, 28 ºC ή 32 ºC αντίστοιχα για 280 θερμοημέρες (χρονική περίοδος :10-20dpf). Ακολούθησε δειγματοληψία (100 περίπου ατόμων) από κάθε υποπληθυσμό και εν συνεχεία πραγματοποιήθηκε απομόνωση ολικού RNA. Τα δείγματα μας υβριδοποιήθηκαν σε microarrays, τα οποία έφεραν αντιπροσωπευτικές αλληλουχίες για 15.500 γονίδια του zebrafish. Τα δεδομένα επεξεργάστηκαν με τη χρήση δυο εξειδικευμένων βιοπληροφορικών προγραμμάτων, τα Biosystanse και Dchip, με τη βοήθεια των οποίων συγκρίθηκαν οι εξής καταστάσεις: 10dpf _28 ºC με 20dpf _28 ºC, η οποία αποτελεί την αναπτυξιακή σύγκριση ώστε να ελέγξουμε γονίδια των οποίων η έκφραση αυξάνεται ή ελαττώνεται στα δυο αυτά στάδια αλλά και 20dpf_22 ºC με 20dpf_32 ºC, 20dpf_22 ºC με 20dpf_28 ºC και 20dpf_28 ºC με 20dpf_32 ºC, ώστε να παρατηρηθεί η επίδραση του περιβαλλοντικού παράγοντα ″θερμοκρασία″ στο μεταγράφωμα των ιχθυδίων. / The purpsose of this research was to analyse how temperature effects the total trascriptome at juvenile zebrash (Danio rerio, Hamilton 1822). So, we focus our investigation in the inspection of mechanisms and molecules which probably associated with the sex determination at this specific type of fish. We militated in the thermosensitive ontogenetic period ( from 10 to 20 days post fertilization) with three different temperatures. These three temperatures were 22, 28 and 32οC. Exemplary temperature for zebrafish is 28οC (environmental temperature). Initially, experimental population grew up to 28οC until the 10th day post fertilization. After this temporal period, population separated to three smaller experimental populations which of them grew up to 22, 28 and 32οC respectively for 280 thermodays ( chronic period: 10-20dpf). The next step was sampling (about 100 fish from each experimental population) and then isolating total RNA from each one of the samples. Total RNA samples hybridized on microarrays. Microarrays contained complementary sequences for about 15.500 genes of zebrafish genome. The data analyzed with two specific bioinformatics programs, Biosystance and Dchip. The use of these bioinformatics programs helped us comparing the following situations: 10dpf _28 ºC to 20dpf _28 ºC (developmental comparison) over and above 20dpf_22 ºC to 20dpf_32 ºC, 20dpf_22 ºC to 20dpf_28 ºC and 20dpf_28 ºC to 20dpf_32 ºC (temperature comparison).

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Promoting student self-determination has been identified as best practice in special education as an effective way to promote goal attainment and successful post school outcomes for students with disabilities. There have been, however, limited evaluations of the effects of interventions to promote self-determination with students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. This study reports finding from a quasi-experimental switching replication study examining the impact of intervention using the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction on student self-determination and goal attainment for students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. Findings within this study using the current research design and limited sample do not support the efficacy of the model for differential goal attainment and goal attainment facilitation by Group assignment but students who are classified as DHH were able to set goals and attain these at a better than expected level of progress. Measures of self-determination used in this study proved to have good internal reliability with students who have various levels of hearing loss and who use various modes of communication.

Research on high school dropouts has largely focused on dropout prevention and the identification of risk factors that contribute to leaving school early. While the long-term prognosis of dropouts is often very poor, some individuals manage to change course and return for additional education later in life. In this exploratory qualitative study, five individuals who successfully returned for additional education and continued on to higher education were interviewed. Self-Determination Theory was used to analyze the data, which were examined for the decision-making processes that led to the changes in direction, and the factors that contributed most to facilitating their transitions. Overall, the participants followed similar stages of growth, and ultimately arrived at a turning point that resulted in their new directions. Several themes emerged from their stories, including the need for sufficient social capital, the significance of family and friends, the importance of taking responsibility, and overcoming previous negative experiences.

Inertial sensors and magnetometers are often used for attitude determination of moving platforms. This thesis treats an alternative method; GPS-based attitude determination. By using several GPS-antennas, and with carrier phase measurements determining the relative distance between them, the attitude can be calculated. Algorithms have been implemented in Matlab and tested on real data. Two commercial GPS-based attitude determination systems have also been tested on a mobile platform and compared to a navigation grade Inertial Navigation System (INS). The results from the tests show that GPS-based attitude determination works well in open areas, but would require support from additional sensors in urban and forest environments.

A capture step with protein A is the most common purification step in the downstream purification process of monoclonal antibodies. It is therefore of great importance to increase the knowledge of the interactions involved in this purification technique. The purpose of this master thesis project was to determine the affinity of protein A domains to IgG subclasses by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Besides the five homologous IgG-binding protein A domains (E, D, A, B, and C) an engineered domain, similar to domain B and used in the protein A media MabSelect Sure™ (GE Healthcare) was included in the study. The domains were expressed in E.coli, affinity purified and immobilized onto sensor chip surfaces by amine coupling. The antibodies used in the interaction analyses were of the human IgG subclasses 1, 2, 3, and 4. Affinity determination was performed by kinetic analyses with the SPR-biosensor Biacore™ 2000. All human IgG subclasses except IgG3 were shown to bind to all protein A domains including the monomer of the SuRe ligand. The equilibrium constants, KD-values, obtained were all in the low nanomolar range. For IgG1 and IgG4, no significantly differences in the affinity to any of the protein A domains were found, except for domain E where there might be quality issues of the prepared domain. Furthermore, a detected quality issue with the commercial IgG2 made it impossible to determine the KD-values for this subclass with any reliability.

This qualitative study explored the process of recovery from alcoholism as experienced by individuals who recovered from alcoholism without formal treatment or intervention. This study sought to reveal those factors that initiated recovery and those that maintained and supported it, including some of the strategies and skills used by respondents in self-resolution of their alcoholism. Limitations of the study are discussed, as are the requirements for future studies of natural recovery. It is hoped that understanding some of the natural processes involved in recovery from alcoholism may lead to developing more informed and creative treatment approaches which will harness the strengths, knowledges and abilities of individuals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants and their families across a broad range of age, gender, race and socio-economic status. Participants were selected from those individuals who responded to an article in the daily newspapers in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal. South Africa and who fitted the criteria of being alcoholics who had achieved two or more years of sobriety without formal treatment. This study seemed to indicate that natural recovery was the preferred choice of some individuals struggling with an alcohol problem. This choice appeared to have been made because of negative associations with and perceptions of treatment, combined with a belief in the individual's ability to solve their own problems. Reasons for stopping varied, but seemed to be underpinned by a process of cognitive self-evaluation that precipitated abstinence. Maintenance of sobriety was achieved by a variety of skill s, strategies and processes that corresponded, in the main, with similar international studies. There appears to be a strong relationship with spirituality in all stages of the natural recovery process. Finally. it appeared that individuals who possess a variety of personal and social resources appeared to be best suited to and equipped for the natural recovery process, although some exceptions were noted. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

The use of goal programming in various real-world areas - including resource allocation, engineering, agriculture and other applications - has increased a lot in the past few years. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate goal programming approaches in determining prices. Various aspects of price determination - such as cosls, existing prices, competitors' prices, volume change due to price change and other aspects are incorporated in the model in order to suggest reasonable and realistic prices. Taking just these factors into account will not completely solve the problem, as there are usually certain goals that the decision maker would like to achieve. For example, the decision maker would probably like to attain an acceptable pre-specified minimum profit level without adjusting current prices too much whilst keeping prices competitive to insure that customers are not lost in the process of change. In this study, a goal programming model is developed for the determining of products' prices with consideration of these goals. The model makes provision for the change in demand due to the change in prices. / Mini-dissertation (M.Com. (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Lignin is a major chemical component of plants and the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose. The concerns and interests of agriculture and industry have stimulated the study of genes governing lignin content in plants in an effort to adapt plants to human purposes. Arabidopsis thaliana provides a convenient model for the study of the genes governing lignin content because of its short growth cycle, small plant size, and small completely sequenced genome. In order to identify the genes controlling lignin content in Arabidopsis accessions using Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis, a rapid micro-scale method of lignin determination is required. The acetyl bromide method has been modified to enable the rapid micro-scale determination of lignin content in Arabidopsis. Modifications included the use of a micro-ball mill, adoption of a modified rapid method of extraction, use of an ice-bath to stabilize solutions and reduction in solution volumes. The modified method was shown to be accurate and precise with values in agreement with those determined by the conventional method. The extinction coefficient for Arabidopsis lignin, dissolved using acetyl bromide, was determined to be 23.35 g-iLcm-1. This value is independent of the Arabidopsis accession, environmental growth conditions and is insensitive to syringyl/guaiacyl ratio. The modified acetyl bromide method was shown to be well correlated with the 72% sulfuric acid method once the latter had been corrected for protein contamination and acid-soluble lignin content (R² = 0.988, P < 0.0001). As determined by the newly developed acetyl bromide method and confirmed by the sulfuric acid method, lignin content in Arabidopsis was found to be a divergent property. Lignin content in Arabidopsis was found to be weekly correlated with growth rate among Arabidopsis accessions (R² = 0.48, P = 0.011). Lignin content was also found to be correlated with plant height among Arabidopsis accessions (R² = 0.491, P < 0.0001).