CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Sabemos que o problema do livre-arbÃtrio à tratado, pelo menos, desde Epiteto. A liberdade de escolha que âjulgamosâ possuir à algo que supomos ser inerente à natureza humana. AlÃm disso, parece que sà poderemos ser pessoalmente responsÃveis por nossos atos se os realizarmos livremente. Acreditamos que ser responsÃveis por nossas aÃÃes e escolhas à o que nos torna diferentes dos outros animais. No entanto, apesar de todas essas nossas intuiÃÃes, nÃo sà algumas correntes filosÃficas defendem que nÃo somos livres, mas tambÃm a ciÃncia parece nos dizer que somos sistemas ou mÃquinas determinÃsticas. Os resultados de vÃrios experimentos neurocientÃficos tÃm sugerido que nÃo escolhemos conscientemente fazer o que fazemos. E, posto que a noÃÃo de livre-arbÃtrio tem como prÃ-requisito bÃsico a noÃÃo de consciÃncia, entÃo parece que hà um conflito entre nossas intuiÃÃes cotidianas e as conclusÃes cientÃficas e filosÃficas. O objetivo central desta dissertaÃÃo serÃ, nÃo somente analisar a coerÃncia conceitual das diversas teses sobre o livre-arbÃtrio que surgiram na GrÃcia clÃssica e nos estudos neurocientÃficos atuais, mas tambÃm mostrar que as explicaÃÃes que tentam conectar os fenÃmenos subjetivos e objetivos relativos ao problema nos levaram, ao menos, atà o presente momento, a uma lacuna explicativa. Isto Ã, uma lacuna na explicaÃÃo sobre como podemos conectar nossas intuiÃÃes subjetivas sobre como somos os autores de nossas aÃÃes e as explicaÃÃes objetivas sobre como nosso corpo executa tais aÃÃes.

Julgo que a recusa do determinismo causal em Metaphysica E3/K8 mediante a tese de que nem todo evento se deve a causas necessitantes de seus efeitos acarreta (mediante a concepção em Categoriae 5 segundo a qual a proposição é verdadeira ou falsa conforme em um tempo se dê ou não se dê a correspondência entre a proposição e um estado de coisas situado nesse mesmo tempo) a recusa do determinismo lógico em De Interpretatione 9 mediante a tese de que proposições a respeito de eventos futuros contingentes não são nem verdadeiras nem falsas ex ante facto e, por conseguinte, nem toda proposição é em qualquer tempo verdadeira ou falsa. Julgo, ademais, que o comprometimento com a tese de que nem todo evento se deve a causas necessitantes de seus efeitos decorre de o filósofo comprometerse com a noção de deliberação. Acompanha o presente trabalho a tradução comentada de De Interpretatione 9. / Aristotles refusal of causal determinism in Metaphysics E3/K8 by means of the thesis that not every event is necessitated entails (given the conception put forward in Categories 5 that a proposition is either true or false according to its either corresponding or not corresponding at a given time to a state of affairs at that same given time) his refusal of logical determinism in De Interpretatione 9 by means of the thesis that propositions about future contingent events are neither true nor false ex ante facto but become either true or false afterwards. Aristotles commitment to non-necessitated events stems, it is argued, from his commitment to the notion of deliberation. This work includes a translation, with commentary, of De Interpretatione 9.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Auro Key Honda.pdf: 1165962 bytes, checksum: 9595232e5174c5eb282aff0d0157cb97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-13 / This Master s thesis aims at translating into Portuguese Peirce s essay Causation and Force, which is part of the Conferences given by him in Cambridge in 1898, as well as to offer some theoretical elements for its reading and understanding. With this in mind, we present different manners on how the issue of causality has been considered historically, particularly Peirce s critical view concerning a one determined world. Herein we also discuss the main questions raised by Peirce regarding the deconstruction of determinism and his defense of chance as an ontological principle operating in the constitution of the reality / Esta dissertação se propõe a efetuar uma versão para o português do ensaio ―Causation and Force‖, incluído nas conferências de Peirce proferidas em Cambridge em 1898, bem como oferecer elementos teóricos para sua leitura e compreensão. Para tanto, apresentamos diferentes formas sobre como a questão da causalidade tem sido considerada historicamente, em particular a visão crítica do próprio autor acerca de um mundo determinado. Discutimos as principais questões levantadas por Peirce sobre a desconstrução do determinismo e sua defesa do acaso como princípio ontológico atuante na constituição da realidade

abstract: The aim of this research study is to develop a passive architectural design morphology, tuned to the Sonoran Desert, which redefines Desert Modernism and integrates: (a) mitigation of heat transfer through the exterior envelope, and (b) use of daylight to inform appropriate architectural massing. The research investigation was delimited to mid-nineteenth century European modernist examples, and ends with mid-twentieth century modern architecture in the southwestern United States as viewed through the lens of environmental design. The specific focus was on Desert Modernism, a quasi-architectural movement, which purportedly had its beginnings in 1923 with the Coachella Valley, Popinoe Desert Cabin. A mixed-method research strategy comprised of interpretive-historical research, virtual simulation/modeling analysis and logical argumentation is used. Succinct discussions on desert vernacular design, Modernism’s global propagation, and the International Style reinterpretations were illustrated to introduce the possibility of a relationship between Modernism and the vernacular. A directed examination of climatic responses included within examples of California Modernism, the Case Study Houses and Desert Modernism follows. Three case studies: a) the Frey House II, b) the Triad Apartments, and c) the Analemma House were assessed using virtual simulation and mathematical calculations, to provide conclusive results on the relevance of regionally tuned exterior envelope design and planning tactics for the Phoenix, Arizona area. Together, these findings suggest a correlation between environmental design principles, vernacular architecture, and Modernism. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Architecture 2019

The Planguages project is the birthplace of the Planguage programmingapproach, which is designed to alleviate the task of writing parallelprograms and harness massively parallel computers and networks of workstations. Planguage has two existing translators, Parallel C (PC) and Pfortran,which is used for their base languages, C and Fortran77. The translatorswork with MPI (Message Passing Interface) for communications. SOS(ipStreams, Overlapping and Shortcutting), a function library that supportsthe three named functionalities, can be used to further optimize parallel algorithms. This project is the next step in the continuing project of updatingthe PC Compiler. The goal is to test the viability of using “shortcutting”functions. Parallel programs with the ability to shortcut can be generatedby the updated version of the PC Compiler. In addition, this project introducesthe ability of the PC Compiler to translate a race condition intoa non-deterministic solution. This document explores different phases of the project in detail. Thefollowing phases are included: software design, algorithm design, analysis,and results. The deliverables, source code, and diagrams are included asAppendices.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [56]-68).

Communication complexity is an area of complexity theory that studies an abstract model of computation called a communication protocol. In a $k$-player communication protocol, an input to a known function is partitioned into $k$ pieces of $n$ bits each, and each piece is assigned to one of the players in the protocol. The goal of the players is to evaluate the function on the distributed input by using as little communication as possible. In a Number-On-Forehead (NOF) protocol, the input piece assigned to each player is metaphorically placed on that player's forehead, so that each player sees everyone else's input but its own. In a Number-In-Hand (NIH) protocol, the piece assigned to each player is seen only by that player. Overall, the study of communication protocols has been used to obtain lower bounds and impossibility results for a wide variety of other models of computation. Two of the main contributions presented in this thesis are negative results on the NOF model of communication, identifying limitations of NOF protocols. Together, these results consitute stepping stones towards a better fundamental understanding of this model. As the first contribution, we show that randomized NOF protocols are exponentially more powerful than deterministic NOF protocols, as long as $k \le n^c$ for some constant $c$. As the second contribution, we show that nondeterministic NOF protocols are exponentially more powerful than randomized NOF protocols, as long as $k \le \delta \cdot \log n$ for some constant $\delta < 1$. For the third major contribution, we turn to the NIH model and we present a positive result. Informally, we show that a NIH communication protocol for a function $f$ can simulate a Stack Machine (a Turing Machine augmented with a stack) for a related function $F$, consisting of several instances of $f$ bundled together. Using this simulation and known communication complexity lower bounds, we obtain the first known (space vs. number of passes) trade-off lower bounds for Stack Machines.

This paper considers the influences of fate and free will in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. Current scholarship on the topic generally agrees that Rowling champions free will by allowing her characters learning opportunities through their choices. By using Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy on fate and free will and by more closely examining the Harry Potter texts, this paper demonstrates fate’s stronger presence in Rowling’s fictional world. Certain strong-willed characters rise above their peers’ fated states by embracing their personal fates and exercising their wills to create themselves within fated destinies. The paper also explores the possibility of an authority directing fate.

Communication complexity is an area of complexity theory that studies an abstract model of computation called a communication protocol. In a $k$-player communication protocol, an input to a known function is partitioned into $k$ pieces of $n$ bits each, and each piece is assigned to one of the players in the protocol. The goal of the players is to evaluate the function on the distributed input by using as little communication as possible. In a Number-On-Forehead (NOF) protocol, the input piece assigned to each player is metaphorically placed on that player's forehead, so that each player sees everyone else's input but its own. In a Number-In-Hand (NIH) protocol, the piece assigned to each player is seen only by that player. Overall, the study of communication protocols has been used to obtain lower bounds and impossibility results for a wide variety of other models of computation. Two of the main contributions presented in this thesis are negative results on the NOF model of communication, identifying limitations of NOF protocols. Together, these results consitute stepping stones towards a better fundamental understanding of this model. As the first contribution, we show that randomized NOF protocols are exponentially more powerful than deterministic NOF protocols, as long as $k \le n^c$ for some constant $c$. As the second contribution, we show that nondeterministic NOF protocols are exponentially more powerful than randomized NOF protocols, as long as $k \le \delta \cdot \log n$ for some constant $\delta < 1$. For the third major contribution, we turn to the NIH model and we present a positive result. Informally, we show that a NIH communication protocol for a function $f$ can simulate a Stack Machine (a Turing Machine augmented with a stack) for a related function $F$, consisting of several instances of $f$ bundled together. Using this simulation and known communication complexity lower bounds, we obtain the first known (space vs. number of passes) trade-off lower bounds for Stack Machines.

The linguistic relativity hypothesis (LRH), otherwise known as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (SWH), has been passionately debated over the last 60 years. It has undergone a renewed upsurge in scientific, anthropological and social interest. Several attempts have been made to prove or disprove the moderate version of the theory without producing conclusive results. This study analyses the history of the LRH and attempts to clarify its uses and limitations pertaining to ESL discourse in Swedish upper-secondary schools. Pedagogical implications of the study indicate that, if the LRH is correct, there could be a colossal, logistical impact on the national testing of semantic information in English studies which would have to be addressed in order to effectively and fairly assess every student based on their individual, cognitive skills and culturally influenced knowledge of language.