Förstudiens syfte var att kartlägga användarbehov kring ROE inom svenska Marinen och ta fram stöd och hjälpmedel för att underlätta ROE-arbetet. I kartläggningen medverkade personal från olika staber, förband och skolor inom Försvarsmakten. Flertalet deltog sedan också i det iterativa utvecklingsarbetet. Tre användargrupper urskiljdes; Stabs- och fartygspersonal samt personal under utbildning. Några av de svårigheter som identifierades; Tolkningsskiljaktigheter mellan stabs- och fartygspersonal. ROE-arbetet ger ett administrativt merjobb för stabs- och fartygspersonal. Det finns inte tid eller resurser att öva ROE på ett realistiskt sätt med lämplig upptrappning av hotnivå. Det bedrivs ingen specifik ROE-utbildning vid Försvarsmaktens skolor eller centra. Utvecklingsarbetet bedrevs parallellt med kartläggningen och involverade stabs- och fartygspersonal. Efter ett antal utvärderingar med användare kunde tre koncept för stöd och hjälpmedel ges. För att öka förståelsen och visualisera koncepten har tre demonstratorer skapats. Koncepten har fått arbetsnamnen; - ADMIN - Administrativt stöd för ROE-hantering. - FARTYG - Utbildningshjälpmedel för fartygsledning och eventuellt skolor. - STAB - Stöd för framtagning av ROE-profil. Författarna rekommenderar FOI att fortsätta utreda ROE-arbetet inom Försvarmakten och även internationellt samt vidareutveckla de tre föreslagna koncepten. För att skapa en gemensam grund för sin personal bör Försvarsmakten hålla seminarium och utbildning inom ROE och tydligare definiera ansvarsförhållanden och begrepp.

In this thesis I combine the social network analysis approach with the traditional experimental approach to study the phenomena of jury decision-making. I examine whether with each trial a social network is formed. The jurors, the two teams of lawyers, as well as the accused and the judge, all form a social network with cliques and leaders. This division of individuals into specific cliques, along with the lawyers' performance in court, is hypothesized to have a significant impact on the jury's verdict. <br /><br /> Thus, by specifically studying the lawyers' engagement and disengagement on the jurors during a trial and the impact this has on the verdict, as well as understanding the structure of the social network that the individual jurors create, I hope to shed light on some of the influences that are key in delivering the verdict. In addition, this pioneering study may lead to significant policy changes in the future.

This study develops an interdisciplinary exploratory approach for understanding concepts and tools for local participation that leads towards sustainability. The research goals include : identifying effective public participation criteria and sustainability criteria, identifying lessons that might be learned from Canadian communities that have used, and applied, public participation and sustainability initiatives, exploring how might these lessons be applied to a mid-sized community such as the City of Waterloo, and exploring how might citizen advisory committees be more effectively engaged to foster sustainability. The ultimate objective is to identify effective participation processes in order to foster sustainability using both secondary literature and a case study methodology. Findings were assessed in the analysis of lessons learned of communities located across Canada to be later refined and tested using the case study of the City of Waterloo, Ontario. The thesis contains an analysis of the conceptual literature and case study research to ascertain the factors that determine effective public participation processes towards sustainability and recommendations for citizen advisory groups that can be used by various local governance stakeholders in a Canadian context.

A growing body of research demonstrates the links between parental involvement and students' outcomes. Some benefits of this involvement include improved academic achievement, higher grades, increased attendance, and better social skills (Henderson & Mapp, 2002; Sui-Chu & Willms, 1996; Dryfoos & Knauer, 2004; Coalition for Community Schools, 2003). Despite these benefits, many educators report challenges in engaging parents and community members within the school. The purpose of the research was to explore the processes two school staffs used to facilitate community engagement by utilizing community education practices and, within each individual site, compare to any increase in community engagement at the school. <p>Over the 2006-2007 school year, the researcher spent time connecting with staff members and parents at two schools a suburban elementary school, and an inner-city community school. Through observation, interviews with administrators, focus groups with parents, and focus groups with staff members, the researcher obtained information regarding staff members growth in community engagement, development of community education practices, and the impact of those practices on community engagement in the school. Through analysis of the data, the researcher identified themes, conditions for community engagement, and promising community education practices. <p>Data from observation, focus groups, and interviews demonstrated the importance of leadership, developing relationships with parents, creating a welcoming school environment, focusing staff development on community education, and creating opportunities for staff members and community members to come together, for community engagement to be successful. The research captured the importance of making beliefs and assumptions explicit, and identified how these beliefs can be helpful or harmful in engaging youth, families, and community members. The research study demonstrated that as staff members at Eagle Point School and Sunrise Community School increased their level of understanding of community education and created community education practices, they experienced greater community engagement in their respective schools.

Background: Encounters between patient and health care have been shortened and fragmented. Times when the patient is in the continuum of care is related to how well the patient feels confirmed in the meeting with his/her carers. Aim : The aim of this study is to highlight skills that nurses use to provide good care relationships with patients in the ambulance and emergency room. Method: A literature review was done. Search for articles was conducted in the databases Cinahl and Pubmed. Nine articles were selected for analysis. Results: Nurses used various communication strategies to successfully establish a good nursing relationship in the meeting with the patient. Patients experienced the nurse who took time and was present in the meeting as the one who was really professional. Six themes were found. These were: Establish a communicative environment, establish contact, listening, verbal and nonverbal communication, being available and provide information. Conclusion : Nurses need to use his special skill to meet patient's need to feel valuable, seen and significant.

The United States is the single largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Its engagement is therefore critical to the success of any international effort to prevent man-made global climate change. It was therefore a huge step-back for the international community when President Bush soon after taking office in 2001 rejected the Kyoto Protocol. Despite a strong opposition the international community did not convince the Bush administration to reconsider its decision and re-engage in the Kyoto Protocol process. The objective of this thesis is to investigate which central elements that will increase a US inclination to participate in international agreements after the first commitment period in the Kyoto Protocol. These elements were found through a literature study of four peer-reviewed articles and an empirical analysis of four international partnership agreements. The overall conclusion is that there are several central elements that could increase a US inclination to participate in international agreements after the first commitment period in the Kyoto Protocol. These elements cover a wide range of disciplines from technology over research and development to business interests.

¡@What is literature?(Qu'est-ce que la litt&#x00E9;rature?) is a thesis on literature written by Jean-Paul Sartre, the French philosopher, in 1947. By proposing the concept of literary engagement, Sartre attempted to prove that it was natural for literature to engage in the society. Needless to say, such an idea triggered a series of controversy among which the key issue was what the relation between literature and reality was. Regarding this, the current article, starting from the intentionality of the phenomenology, will discuss Sartre¡¦s negativity and Emmanuel Levinas¡¦ shadow concepts in order. It attempts to describe the relation between literature and reality and to unfold such two concepts in parallel at the utmost. However, its purpose is not only to visualize a certain possible mode between literature and reality but to indicate that the difference between literary engagement controversy and others is that it seems to mark the overall symptoms prompted by defining literature with theories. Accordingly, perhaps it is closer to the problematics of literary engagement to find out, apart from repeatedly fixing literature, such a top in movement, to facilitate description, whether it is possible to shed light on the basic fact that literature always conceals itself to draw out reality based on the results that the confrontation between the above-mentioned two theories and literature always leads to, such as communication inability and their being driven away. We thus realize that it is not impossible for the models of Sartre¡¦s and Levinas¡¦ literary objects to converse with such a problematic.

The study investigated the relationship among supervisor's job insecurity, job stress, abusive supervision, employee¡¦s job engagement and innovative behavior. The author distributed 90 questionnaires for supervisors and 270 questionnaires for employees who work in research and development department. In all, questionnaires were completed by the 83 supervisor and 133 employees and analyzed by factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, regression analysis and path analysis to measure the relationship among the constructs. Research results found that: (1) Supervisor¡¦s job insecurity and work stress was positively related to employee¡¦s perception of abusive supervision. (2) Employee¡¦s perception of abusive supervision was negatively related to their job engagement. (3) Employee¡¦s job engagement was positively related to their innovative behavior. The results provide an idea that encourages researchers to explore other possible factors which cause abusive supervision in the future.

The goal in mathematics has shifted towards an emphasis on both procedural knowledge and conceptual understanding. The importance of gaining procedural knowledge and conceptual understanding is aligned with Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000), which encourages fluency, reasoning skills, and ability to justify decisions. Possession of only procedural skills will not prove useful to students in many situations other than on tests (Boaler, 2000). Teachers and researchers can benefit from this study, which examined the effects of representations, constructivist approaches, and engagement on middle school students' algebraic understanding. Data from an algebra pretest and posttest, as well as 16 algebra video lessons from an NSF-IERI funded project, were examined to determine occurrences of indicators of representations, constructivist approaches, and engagement, as well as student understanding. A mixed methods design was utilized by implementing multilevel structural equation modeling and constant comparison within the analysis. Calculation of descriptive statistics and creation of bar graphs provided more detail to add to the findings from the components of the statistical test and qualitative comparison method. The results of the final structural equation model revealed a model that fit the data, with a non-significant model, p > .01. The new collectively named latent factor of constructivist approaches with the six indicators of enactive representations, encouragement of student independent thinking, creation of problem-centered lessons, facilitation of shared meanings, justification of ideas, and receiving feedback from the teacher was shown to be a significant predictor of procedural knowledge (p < .05) and conceptual understanding (p < .10). The indicators of the original latent factor of constructivist approaches were combined with one indicator for representations and two indicators for engagement. Constant comparison revealed similar findings concerning correlations among the indicators, as well as effects on student engagement and understanding. Constructivist approaches were found to have a positive effect on both types of student learning in middle school mathematics.

The current study tested the effect of ego resilience on engagement and achievement as mediated by social relatedness, using three waves of data and controlling for the stability of each construct as well as within wave correlations among study variables. Using structural equation modeling, we were able to control for the stability of each construct as well as the within wave correlations of residual error variances between constructs. The model also took into account the transactional properties of academic engagement and academic achievement. Furthermore, the study tested the moderation effects of gender on each theoretically-significant path. Despite the models having adequate fit indices, in the larger context of the model the hypothesis that ego resiliency predicts subsequent social relatedness was not supported in either reading or math revised models. Because of this, the overall study hypothesis that social relatedness would mediate the relationship between ego resiliency and subsequent academic engagement and achievement was not supported. However, there were several findings of interest. The results of this study were consistent with the reasoning that social relatedness helps children feel more accepted and supported by peers and teachers, therefore promoting more classroom engagement. Findings suggested that, while social interactions seem to impact students? academic engagement across in the subsequent year, their level of ego resilience at school entry appears to be an important long-term contributor to math achievement two years later. The moderation analyses indicated that ego resilience had more effect on boys? reading achievement and academic engagement two years later. Study limitations and implications were also discussed.