「醫師」是多種服務行業中，性質較為特殊的服務供給者。他們的工作成效直接就顯現在顧客（病患）身上，萬一有瑕疵缺失也難退還補救，除了本身的專業知識及醫術足夠外，尚得面對一般工作少有的人性尊嚴及道德問題。社經結構和消費價值觀的轉變，並沒有改變醫師特有的專業權威性，但醫病關係卻愈來愈像商品交易，醫師過去享有的良好評價及社會地位也不復見。資源和市場的有限與惡質，使得今日的醫師大多進入有組織型態的醫院內工作，雖然專業自主性和醫院的管理體系不一定起衝突，但其工作態度卻可能因組織（醫院）環境的不同，而有不同的表現。 　　 Blau (1987)認為一個投入於工作的人，他會十分在乎且關心他的工作，而就醫師來說，他的工作對象及內容，比一般職業更需要他的投入、在乎與關心，因此，醫師對工作的主觀感受，即工作投入程度如何，應是值得實務管理人員及學者去探究。基於以上種種原因，及醫師異於常人的職業特性和倫理道德要求，引發本人對醫師群體的興趣，而有本文的研究。本文的內容主要是研究醫師對工作投入的程度，及其影響因素為何。 　　本文共有六章十九節，各章要旨說明如下： 　　第一章「緒論」，計分三節，包括研究背景、研究目的、研究範圍與方法。 　　第二章「相關理論及文獻探討」，計分四節，包括工作投入理論、形成工作投入的動機理論、影響工作投入的相關概念、工作投入的形成過程及相關因素。 　　第三章「研究方法與設計」，計分四節，包括研究架構與研究假設、研究變項的操作性定義及衡量、研究設計、研究限制。 　　第四章「工作投入與其相關因素的描述性說明」，計分二節，包括個人屬性變項之整體性描述、工作投入與其相關因素之整體性描述。 　　第五章「工作投入與其相關因素之關聯性分析」，計有四節，包括工作投入與工作價值、工作因素、醫院環境、工作滿足之關聯性分析，工作投入與個人屬性的關聯性研究，公平敏感度、成長需求對醫院環境、工作特性與工作投入的相關影響分析，工作投入的預測因素。 　　第六章「結論與建議」，計分二節，包括研究發現及建議。

<p>Society has seen a tremendous increase in threats, violence and especially unprovoked violence perpetrated by youths. Violence and more seriously unprovoked violence has become a major problem for many service corporations as it gives them bad image and reputation. Corporate Social Responsibility CSR encourages many companies to engage in social activities as they realize that the company is part of the society and the environment. What affects society may sooner or later affect the corporate. For any business to prosper and create a long-term relationship with its customers, it needs a safe environment both for the customers and staff.</p><p>Feedback from customers and staff is survival and these two (customer and staff) are the most vital assets any firm could have. Their knowledge is vital to success for any firm despite direction. If corporate objective is to be possible and achievable, customer and staff involvement must be implemented in corporate strategy.</p><p>The aim of this essay is to examine the following problems and to find answers to them and where there is no answer we seek to find out why. Within the public transportation, and specifically the Stockholm Tube (Underground) as the theme of the essay we direct our attention to threats and violence within the Tube,</p><p>• How secure are the customers as well as personnel within Connex Tunnelbana AB and SL? (The Stockholm Tube or Underground)</p><p>• What business strategies have Connex respective SL in order to create a safer environment for both its customers and personnel?</p><p>• To which extent are SL/Connex customers involved in formulating and adapting a safety policy?</p><p>The research method being applied was survey research on a large scale but limited group with the help of e.g. questionnaire and interviews. Interviews were directed to some corporate leaders and staff within SL whiles questionnaires were directed to the customers.</p><p>The outcome and conclusion was that customer and staff involvement none existed within SL´s safety policy making decision. Gathering of customer knowledge was expected during the research, unfortunately that was also lacking. Customer feedback into safety decision making has been looked into and found to be very low within SL.</p><p>More striking was the fact that even corporate leaders within SL were more or less unaware of the lack of customer and staff involvement in the safety policy making decision. Finally, customer and staff involvement safety decision making has not been a high priority within SL.</p>

<p>Introduction: This thesis concerns the loyalty variables within the publishing industry. The author has chosen to investigate the following publishing companies: Albert Bonniers, Norstedts, Ordupplaget and Leopard Publishing by using a Network perspective as well as a Transactional and Relationship marketing perspective.</p><p>Aim/purpose: The purpose of this essay is to analyse important variables to create author loyalty.</p><p>Methodology: Data was collected through a total of 18 interviews that were conducted face to face or via telephone with authors and their respective publisher. A gap analysis was then conducted in order to see if any discrepancies existed between what authors valued and what their publisher’s thought they valued.</p><p>Results: The research shows that gaps were bigger and more frequent in big traditional publishing companies. As a result, author’s loyalty level was also lower. Authors with Albert Bonnier demonstrated a low level of loyalty, there is a high level of dissatisfaction and most authors would change to another company if offered a higher compensation. Norstedts authors also show a significant level of dissatisfaction, however, they would only consider changing companies if the new publisher also offered “traditional” publishing company values, such as good reading, credibility, and a stable company.</p><p>Authors with small publishing companies demonstrated a high level of loyalty; this could be due to the non-existing gaps between publishers and their authors. There is a high level of agreement on goals and authors’ satisfaction level is very high. Authors would not consider changing publisher and companies unless their existing company showed a low level of interest in their new script.</p><p>Conclusions: The author of this thesis concludes that all authors seem to value involvement and interest from their publisher more than money. The crucial part seems to be that publishers show a genuine interest in their authors’ scripts and dedicate time to authors and their personal development. Publishers in small companies seem to live up to their author’s expectations, publishers in traditional publishing companies are most of the time aware of their author’s expectations, they do, however, not cater for them. Small companies enjoyed a more favourable position, where gaps were small or non-existent and authors demonstrated a high level of loyalty.</p>

Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

Parental involvement in education is accepted as an important aspect of learner academic achievement. In fact, there is research evidence that associates high learner achievement with high rates of parental involvement. However, judging by the poor levels of achievement attained by learners in, for instance, areas like reading, writing and numeracy in primary school grades, the question rises as to whether parental involvement is consciously promoted in primary schools. This empirical research intended to investigate how parental involvement is currently promoted in primary schools. The literature review revealed the basic obligations of schools and parents as expressed in Epstein's six typologies of parental involvement, which form the basis of all endeavours towards enhancing parental involvement. Consequently, it is concluded that strategies or programmes aimed at promoting parental involvement, must embody parenting, communication, volunteering, learning at home, participation in decision-making and collaboration with the community. In this regard, the child's environment should be regarded as an ecology consisting of the school, home and community. The main empirical research finding indicates generally, that the meaning attached to parental involvement falls short of its essence, and focuses on response activities from both school staff and parents. The main recommendation, therefore, is advocacy that begins with empowering all stakeholders with regard to the essence of parental involvement. In this regard, the Empowerment Approach to Parental Involvement (EAPI) recommended in this research, proposes a model that empowers individual schools and the community, through a school-based and cluster-based focus. The EAPI model presents a series of actions leading to a modus operandi that recognises the power of zenzele (do it yourself) for schools and parents, and masakhane (doing it for ourselves together) for school clusters and the community. Both concepts utilise principles based on ubuntu and express the adage: "it takes a village to raise a child." / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential contribution of religious involvement, spiritual well-being, existential well-being and HIV-related symptoms to health-related quality of life in HIV-infected African American women recovering from substance abuse. The study also examined whether religious and spiritual variables served as potential moderators between HIV symptoms and health-related quality of life. This study relied on data obtained as part of a larger longitudinal investigation of the effectiveness of Structural Ecosystems Therapy (SET) for HIV infected women in substance abuse recovery. A total of 175 participants were recruited from regional residential and outpatient clinics. The sample in this study included 99 African American women who had completed the required baseline assessment. It was hypothesized that religious involvement, spiritual well-being and existential well-being would be positively associated to various health-related quality of life indicators (i.e., physical functioning, social functioning, mental health functioning and health distress). On the other hand, HIV symptoms were hypothesized to be inversely related to the health-related quality of life indicators. Religious involvement, spiritual well-being and existential well-being were posited to moderate the relationship between HIV symptoms and the health-related quality of life indicators. Findings from the multivariate analysis of variance showed existential well-being to be significantly related to mental health functioning and health distress and HIV symptoms to be significantly related to mental health functioning and physical functioning. Results from the regression analyses also showed that after controlling for age, both existential well-being and HIV symptoms were significantly related to mental health functioning. Results suggest that increased symptom frequency is significantly associated with worse mental health while higher levels of existential well-being are significantly related to better mental health. No evidence was found in support of the hypothesized moderating role of religious involvement, spiritual well-being and existential well-being between HIV symptoms and health-related quality of life indicators. Research and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Introduction: This thesis concerns the loyalty variables within the publishing industry. The author has chosen to investigate the following publishing companies: Albert Bonniers, Norstedts, Ordupplaget and Leopard Publishing by using a Network perspective as well as a Transactional and Relationship marketing perspective. Aim/purpose: The purpose of this essay is to analyse important variables to create author loyalty. Methodology: Data was collected through a total of 18 interviews that were conducted face to face or via telephone with authors and their respective publisher. A gap analysis was then conducted in order to see if any discrepancies existed between what authors valued and what their publisher’s thought they valued. Results: The research shows that gaps were bigger and more frequent in big traditional publishing companies. As a result, author’s loyalty level was also lower. Authors with Albert Bonnier demonstrated a low level of loyalty, there is a high level of dissatisfaction and most authors would change to another company if offered a higher compensation. Norstedts authors also show a significant level of dissatisfaction, however, they would only consider changing companies if the new publisher also offered “traditional” publishing company values, such as good reading, credibility, and a stable company. Authors with small publishing companies demonstrated a high level of loyalty; this could be due to the non-existing gaps between publishers and their authors. There is a high level of agreement on goals and authors’ satisfaction level is very high. Authors would not consider changing publisher and companies unless their existing company showed a low level of interest in their new script. Conclusions: The author of this thesis concludes that all authors seem to value involvement and interest from their publisher more than money. The crucial part seems to be that publishers show a genuine interest in their authors’ scripts and dedicate time to authors and their personal development. Publishers in small companies seem to live up to their author’s expectations, publishers in traditional publishing companies are most of the time aware of their author’s expectations, they do, however, not cater for them. Small companies enjoyed a more favourable position, where gaps were small or non-existent and authors demonstrated a high level of loyalty.

When facing the highly competitive environment in high-tech industry, how to excite the employee¡¦s job involvement and drive their performance turns to be an important issue. Especially when the stock bonus is no longer a key stimulation tool to the employer, leadership will be and important part to make human resource more effective. The major purpose of this research is to examining the effect of transformational leadership on job performance and use job involvement as mediating factor. This research was proceeded by questionnaire to the sampling objects of high-tech enterprises. The result verified the hypotheses below. 1.Transformational leadership effects positively on job involvement. 2.Job involvement effects positively on job performance. 3.Transformational leadership effects positively on job performance. 4.Job involvement has mediating effect between transformational leadership to job performance.

This research was to learn the trust of direct leaders from the points of the staff, and to discuss how to influence organizational commitment and job involvement. Since trust of direct leaders was one of the key factors to increase organizational commitment and job involvement, the cohesion will turn up when the staff accept the concern from directors, and the group can collaborate. Therefore, the operation of an organized system and the achievement of assignment were necessary to base on the trust of direct leaders, then it brought the maximum beneficial result. After getting nine hundred and thirty-six available questionnaires, this research used the methods of Analysis of One-Way Factorial Variance, Correlation Analysis, and Analytical Regression Process to get the verification. According to the statistics, I addressed the conclusion and recommendation of this research. In the discovery of the result, individual variables were including the trust of direct leaders, organizational commitment and job involvement. There wasn¡¦t any noticeable difference in sex, but it existed in marriage, age, work experience, education level and position. Moreover, according to the result of the research in Correlation Analysis, the trust of direct leaders, organizational commitment and job involvement caused high positive correlation . It means the degree of the trust of direct leaders is higher, and the staff would have higher organizational commitment, and degree of job identification and involvement. In addition, the work experience with directors was interference variables, and to prove if there was the interference effect in the trust of direct leaders from organizational commitment and job involvement, the verified result revealed that there wasn¡¦t any interference effect in any other factors, except Cognition-based Trust could effect the value and effort commitment . In terms of the collection of this research results, the assumptions approximately existed in Correlation Analysis, and on the contrary, they didn¡¦t exist in interference effect. In conclusion, I had some recommendation for this research to provide the enterprise some different ideas and directions of management. The organization should emphasize how to increase the trust of direct leaders, enhance the interaction between the management and the staff, lift organizational commitment from the personnel, and raise the degree of job involvement for the advantage of the organization development.

Society has seen a tremendous increase in threats, violence and especially unprovoked violence perpetrated by youths. Violence and more seriously unprovoked violence has become a major problem for many service corporations as it gives them bad image and reputation. Corporate Social Responsibility CSR encourages many companies to engage in social activities as they realize that the company is part of the society and the environment. What affects society may sooner or later affect the corporate. For any business to prosper and create a long-term relationship with its customers, it needs a safe environment both for the customers and staff. Feedback from customers and staff is survival and these two (customer and staff) are the most vital assets any firm could have. Their knowledge is vital to success for any firm despite direction. If corporate objective is to be possible and achievable, customer and staff involvement must be implemented in corporate strategy. The aim of this essay is to examine the following problems and to find answers to them and where there is no answer we seek to find out why. Within the public transportation, and specifically the Stockholm Tube (Underground) as the theme of the essay we direct our attention to threats and violence within the Tube, • How secure are the customers as well as personnel within Connex Tunnelbana AB and SL? (The Stockholm Tube or Underground) • What business strategies have Connex respective SL in order to create a safer environment for both its customers and personnel? • To which extent are SL/Connex customers involved in formulating and adapting a safety policy? The research method being applied was survey research on a large scale but limited group with the help of e.g. questionnaire and interviews. Interviews were directed to some corporate leaders and staff within SL whiles questionnaires were directed to the customers. The outcome and conclusion was that customer and staff involvement none existed within SL´s safety policy making decision. Gathering of customer knowledge was expected during the research, unfortunately that was also lacking. Customer feedback into safety decision making has been looked into and found to be very low within SL. More striking was the fact that even corporate leaders within SL were more or less unaware of the lack of customer and staff involvement in the safety policy making decision. Finally, customer and staff involvement safety decision making has not been a high priority within SL.