Title: What does money smell like? – A mixed method study ofscents affect on consumer purchase of high-involvementproducts Keywords: Scent, congruency, consumer purchase behavior, consumerbehavior, high-involvement products, sensory marketing,marketing, causality, focus group, observation, mixedmethod, experiment, embedded design Background: To offer an experience means to activate the consumers’senses, and sensory cues in store atmospherics tend to catchcostumers’ interest and affect their retail experience(Sprangenberg 2006). These cues can be affected and calledsensory marketing, which by involving and stimulating all orparts of the senses, creates a more rich experience for the consumer (Hultén 2012). A more specific sense; the sense ofsmell, is connected to risk taking, variety seeking andstronger curiosity (Orth & Bourrain 2008) and also nostalgia(Lindstrom 2005). This depends on that these parts of thehumans’ brain is closely located to each other, and byunderstanding which scents that effects consumers and how,marketers can create favorable outcomes such as increased sales (Herrmann et al. 2013). Purpose: Explain how scent affects consumers’ in-store purchasebehavior of high-involvement products Methodology: A mixed method embedded design was preformed involvinga focus group, structured observation and secondary data Results: There were no statistical significance on consumers’purchase behavior when exposed to scent, and H1 wastherefore rejected Main implications: Suggestions for further research would be to try out otherscents that were not studied in this thesis, e.g. green apple. Also to have more variables in the secondary data, whentesting for the statistical significance

Firms have to constantly develop or innovate in order to stay competitive. Within the fields of marketing, product development and service development studies have examined how the customer can be a resource for development or innovation. Recently, customer value has been examined within the business model concept, which has emerged as a new unit of analysis and has steadily gained interest during the past 20 years. Linked to the concept of business model is the concept of business model development or innovation. Within this field of research there are very few studies on customer involvement. This is the starting point of our study. The few studies that exist regarding customer involvement in business model innovation have mainly focused on the customer as a resource for screening ideas. In our study, we focus on the customer as resource for idea generation. We also go in to detail and examines in what dimensions different customer groups can be a resource for business model innovation. Our theoretical framework consists of ten different studies that examine business model dimensions, from which we identify nine dimensions relevant for our context. We also use theories regarding business model innovation, business model design and customer involvement. We have conducted the study in the context of a small medical instrument firm. Our empirical data consists of fifteen interviews with customers and company representatives. The customers represent different customer groups: patients, nurses, doctors and managers.  Our analysis originates from the business model dimensions identified in the theoretical framework. We use the theoretical framework to understand in which dimensions the customer can be a resource for business model innovation. We also use the theoretical framework to look for differences and similarities within and between the customer groups.  The study concludes that the customer can be a resource for business model innovation in a number of business model dimensions. Furthermore, the majority of the ideas the customer has is similar or identical to the ideas that the company has. The ideas the customer has seem to be effected by their relationship to the business model. There are also some individuals that have substantially more ideas than others.

A literature and an empirical study disclosed that parental involvement in school activities has too little impact in education at different schools in the Dl 1 area. The literature study revealed that neither arguments for, nor arguments against parental involvement in school activities should be overemphasized at the expense of the principals and SGB's. The educators are taking no initiative to improve or build up home-school relationships with parents or with the community. For better results there should be: educator-parent involvement, which is essential in promoting and supporting school performance, teaching and learning, and in the general well-being of the citizens of the future; and a parental involvement, which can make a valuable contribution to the educational process through commitment to and knowledge of their children. The empirical method, using questionnaires, was successful in obtaining information about parental involvement in school activities. It also established how co-ordination can be successful at school between the principals, SGB's, educators, parents and learners in the promotion of effective education implementation. The study established that, if practical partnerships succeed, benefits will be reaped from increased parental involvement, in that there could be: an improvement of learners' academic achievement, attitudes and inspiration; an increased motivation to attend school; an involvement by the community in the structures of the school; parental assistance in the management of a school within the School Management Team and the School Governing Body; an improvement of home-school communication; an improvement at schools in all respects; and the end-product will not only be the creation of an atmosphere conducive to teaching and learning, but proper, practical partnerships will be established in the educational system in these areas. A number of recommendations were made with regard to the research findings for the Johannesburg South Mega District (Dl1). / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

Parental involvement in education is accepted as an important aspect of learner academic achievement. In fact, there is research evidence that associates high learner achievement with high rates of parental involvement. However, judging by the poor levels of achievement attained by learners in, for instance, areas like reading, writing and numeracy in primary school grades, the question rises as to whether parental involvement is consciously promoted in primary schools. This empirical research intended to investigate how parental involvement is currently promoted in primary schools. The literature review revealed the basic obligations of schools and parents as expressed in Epstein's six typologies of parental involvement, which form the basis of all endeavours towards enhancing parental involvement. Consequently, it is concluded that strategies or programmes aimed at promoting parental involvement, must embody parenting, communication, volunteering, learning at home, participation in decision-making and collaboration with the community. In this regard, the child's environment should be regarded as an ecology consisting of the school, home and community. The main empirical research finding indicates generally, that the meaning attached to parental involvement falls short of its essence, and focuses on response activities from both school staff and parents. The main recommendation, therefore, is advocacy that begins with empowering all stakeholders with regard to the essence of parental involvement. In this regard, the Empowerment Approach to Parental Involvement (EAPI) recommended in this research, proposes a model that empowers individual schools and the community, through a school-based and cluster-based focus. The EAPI model presents a series of actions leading to a modus operandi that recognises the power of zenzele (do it yourself) for schools and parents, and masakhane (doing it for ourselves together) for school clusters and the community. Both concepts utilise principles based on ubuntu and express the adage: "it takes a village to raise a child." / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

A literature and an empirical study disclosed that parental involvement in school activities has too little impact in education at different schools in the Dl 1 area. The literature study revealed that neither arguments for, nor arguments against parental involvement in school activities should be overemphasized at the expense of the principals and SGB's. The educators are taking no initiative to improve or build up home-school relationships with parents or with the community. For better results there should be: educator-parent involvement, which is essential in promoting and supporting school performance, teaching and learning, and in the general well-being of the citizens of the future; and a parental involvement, which can make a valuable contribution to the educational process through commitment to and knowledge of their children. The empirical method, using questionnaires, was successful in obtaining information about parental involvement in school activities. It also established how co-ordination can be successful at school between the principals, SGB's, educators, parents and learners in the promotion of effective education implementation. The study established that, if practical partnerships succeed, benefits will be reaped from increased parental involvement, in that there could be: an improvement of learners' academic achievement, attitudes and inspiration; an increased motivation to attend school; an involvement by the community in the structures of the school; parental assistance in the management of a school within the School Management Team and the School Governing Body; an improvement of home-school communication; an improvement at schools in all respects; and the end-product will not only be the creation of an atmosphere conducive to teaching and learning, but proper, practical partnerships will be established in the educational system in these areas. A number of recommendations were made with regard to the research findings for the Johannesburg South Mega District (Dl1). / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

Parental involvement in education is accepted as an important aspect of learner academic achievement. In fact, there is research evidence that associates high learner achievement with high rates of parental involvement. However, judging by the poor levels of achievement attained by learners in, for instance, areas like reading, writing and numeracy in primary school grades, the question rises as to whether parental involvement is consciously promoted in primary schools. This empirical research intended to investigate how parental involvement is currently promoted in primary schools. The literature review revealed the basic obligations of schools and parents as expressed in Epstein's six typologies of parental involvement, which form the basis of all endeavours towards enhancing parental involvement. Consequently, it is concluded that strategies or programmes aimed at promoting parental involvement, must embody parenting, communication, volunteering, learning at home, participation in decision-making and collaboration with the community. In this regard, the child's environment should be regarded as an ecology consisting of the school, home and community. The main empirical research finding indicates generally, that the meaning attached to parental involvement falls short of its essence, and focuses on response activities from both school staff and parents. The main recommendation, therefore, is advocacy that begins with empowering all stakeholders with regard to the essence of parental involvement. In this regard, the Empowerment Approach to Parental Involvement (EAPI) recommended in this research, proposes a model that empowers individual schools and the community, through a school-based and cluster-based focus. The EAPI model presents a series of actions leading to a modus operandi that recognises the power of zenzele (do it yourself) for schools and parents, and masakhane (doing it for ourselves together) for school clusters and the community. Both concepts utilise principles based on ubuntu and express the adage: "it takes a village to raise a child." / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

COMMUNITY ON CAMPUS: THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL SPACE by Kim D. Harrington The physical environment of a college campus provides the context for learning and social interactions. These interactions lead to involved students, which help build community, and vibrant communities on college campuses contribute to student persistence and academic success (Kuh, Cruce, Shoup, Kinzie & Gonyea, 2008; Palmer, Maramba & Dancy, 2011; Strange & Banning, 2001; Tinto & Goodsell - Love, 1993). The purpose of this study was to explore the role of physical space on student involvement and community. The methodology was ethnography and the methods of data collection included photo elicitation and semi - structured interviews. This qualitative study presents the visual and interview data from 9 participants enrolled at a research university in the South. The student participants reported that they developed meaningful connections with their peers through interactions in outdoor spaces, student organization offices, academic facilities and recreational areas. The participants felt that many of the physical spaces encouraged interaction and helped to facilitate campus involvement. The findings of this work indicate that the natural and built environments at this university influenced how students discovered, built, and sustained community.

With a primary focus on Health Canada (HC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), this thesis describes the state of microbial related public involvement and risk communication undertakings. The findings show that HC engages with experts to a far greater extent than with the lay public and that HC has not upheld its stated commitment to transparency. Furthermore, both HC’s and the CFIA´s approach to risk communication is overly general, has failed to provide opportunities for dialogue with vulnerable groups and is not rooted in foodborne surveillance data. Public involvement in food safety governance would be improved if HC provided the lay public with a seat on advisory committees and improved its reporting methods. HC and the CFIA could also make improvements by creating opportunities for dialogue between officials and the general public, and by exploring the potential use of alternative risk communication vehicles, such as food labels.

The aim of this study was to try to get an overall image of how participation is constituted in the organization of AMA, a Human Service Organization (HSO) that is part of the Vasteras municipality.  With focus on mainly participation but also communication and leadership the goal was to find out more about how the governing parts of the organization was able to communicate and create participation amongst their employees. Did the message come across? Using a triangulation method including interviews, surveys and observation hopefully this question would be answered along with trying to depict an overall image of the participation within the organization. The results indicated that there were both differences as well as similarities between the employees and the management with regards to how they experienced participation. A surprising result was that the geographical location was found to have an impact on how the staff perceived participation. The employees that had the longest distance to their boss were the ones who didn’t feel that they participated as much within the organization. / Syftet med denna studie var att försöka få en övergripande bild av hur delaktighet konstitueras inom organisationen AMA som utgör en del av Västerås stads verksamhet. Med fokus på främst delaktighet men också kommunikation och ledarskap var målet att ta reda på mer om hur de styrande delarna av organisationen kunde kommunicera och skapa delaktighet bland sina anställda. Har budskapet nått fram? Genom en typ av triangulering som innefattade intervjuer, enkäter och observationer söktes svaret på denna fråga samt eftersträvades en så fullständig bild som möjligt av delaktighetsbegreppet inom organisationen. Resultaten tydde på att det finns både skillnader och likheter mellan de anställda och ledningens uppfattning av delaktigheten inom organisationen och ett överraskande resultat var att den geografiska spridningen visade sig ha betydelse för upplevelsen av delaktighet. De anställda som var mest utspridda och hade längst avstånd till sin chef kände sig också minst delaktiga.

No description available.