This diploma thesis focuses on the constructive normative reproductive age. This topic is analyzed by semi structured quantitative interviews. These interviews were carried out by 6 women who became pregnant in the age of 35 and older which is considered to be a turning point in defining whether the pregnancy is risky or not. Purpose of this research is to understand how women view and deal with risky pregnancy and also how much that can be influenced by society. The analytical part of the thesis is focused on searching answers for these questions. The first part consists of the theoretical terms related to this topic i.e. concept of stratify reproduction, the risk in terms of reproduction as well as medicalization of pregnancy and the relationship to social age category. Keywords: pregnancy, age, risk, responsibility, risky pregnancy, medicalization, normative age, woman

The thesis deals with the construction of pictures of women who experienced with prison institution represented through films. From a gender perspective, the thesis analyzes how these structures are depicted and reflected as a part of the characters' stories in selected Czech and Czechoslovak films. The thesis consists of five parts. The first part introduces the theoretical background, then the second part focuses on the topic of gender and prison, or better said on the prison service in the Czech Republic. Part of this specification includes also the topic of power and women's crime; a large part is devoted also to gender-normative ideas in the institution of prison and the depiction of these topics in media (film). The fourth empirical part deals with methodological bases and the research methodology itself. The last fifth part presents the research and its results. The films reproduce the gender normative images of women thereby constantly anchoring them or disproving the concrete ideas about what the "right" and "desirable" women should be in order to be accepted in society. Linking women and the restrictive establishment of prison is one of the taboo-themed topics across the whole society. The thesis investigates how this topic is presented to the Czech and Czechoslovak film audience. Key...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the didactic potential, and applicability of fiction in religious education. The subject I wanted to examine was J.R.R. Tolkiens The Fellowship of the Ring and whether it could be enriching for religious studies in upper secondary school, focusing on normative ethics.The study used a qualitative research method and the empirical material consisted of J.R.R. Tolkiens The Fellowship of the Ring. The book was read several times and sorted and reduced using focused coding searching for ethical dilemmas and different thematic units. The result was analyzed with the help of the high school’s curriculum, previous research, and selected theoretical concepts, normative ethics and didactic potential.The results showed that the book contained a large number of ethical dilemmas and several thematic units wich could help realize its didactic potential. The book’s usefullnes and didactic potential, focusing on normative ethics in religious studies, could then be proven on the basis of the upper secondary school’s and religious studies curriculum, as well as using previous research. The ethical dilemmas and thematic units found throughout the book make it highly usefull for discussing issues of normative ethics in the classroom.

[pt] A presente pesquisa buscou entender de que forma o consentimento à precarização do trabalho é construído em dinâmicas disfuncionais de estágio, tendo como contexto as transformações de ordem estrutural e ideológica do capitalismo, refletidas na conjuntura ocupacional, no sistema de ensino superior e nas práticas de inserção de jovens no mercado de trabalho através de estágios. Partindo desta perspectiva, a presente dissertação problematiza esta experiência como uma forma de socialização ao trabalho precarizado, sujeitando o estudante a determinadas dinâmicas, distantes de um propósito educacional. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e, por meio da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2016), explorou-se as percepções dos estudantes na dinâmica do estágio, seu aprendizado, como entendiam ou justificavam seu engajamento a ele. Observou-se a ocorrência de disfunções e desvios da proposta educacional do estágio, aproximando-o de uma configuração de contrato precário de trabalho. Estes desvios passam a se justificar na fala dos estudantes por meio de sua percepção de autonomia, aprendizado, pelas promessas de efetivação e da conquista de empregabilidade. Como desdobramentos dessas justificativas às disfunções, os estudantes manifestaram uma adesão pragmática a elas, em outros casos o enaltecimento destas disfunções, mas também o estranhamento e questionamento destas experiências disfuncionais. / [en] The present research seeks to understand how the form or consent to make work precarious is built on dysfunctional internship dynamics, having as a context structural and ideological transformations of capitalism, reflected in the occupational context, no higher education system and youth insertion practices in the labor market through internships. From this perspective, this dissertation problematizes this experience as a form of socialization in precarious work, subjecting or studying the dynamic dynamics, distancing an educational instruction. Individual interviews were carried out and, through Content Analysis (BARDIN, 2016), explored as perceptions of high school students, their learning, how they understood or justified their involvement with it. Observe an occurrence of dysfunctions and deviations from the educational internship proposal, approximating a precarious employment contract configuration. These deviations pass to justify students conversations through their perception of autonomy, learning, promises of effectiveness and achievement of employability. As an development of these justifications for the dysfunctions, the students manifested a pragmatic adherence to them, in other cases or in the case of these changes, and also in the removal and questioning of these dysfunctional ones.

Purpose - The purpose of this thesis was to explain the influence of organizational commitment on employee turnover within the audit industry.  Design/methodology/approach - The thesis has a quantitative methodology, and a deductive and explanatory approach. Hierarchical regressions were used to investigate data gathered through a survey.  Findings - The main results revealed that all dimensions of organizational commitment had a negative relation to turnover intentions, where affective commitment was the strongest predictor. Career opportunities had a positive relation to affective commitment and sense of obligation had a positive relation to normative commitment.  Research limitations - The study was performed during the busy season and the Covid-19 pandemic, which potentially could have impacted the results. Snowball sampling was used, which means the non-response rate and the population could not be determined.  Practical implications - Since affective commitment was the strongest dimension to explain turnover intentions, organizations should mainly focus on strategies related to that dimension in order to avoid undesired employee turnover.  Originality/value - This thesis has tested all three dimensions of organizational commitment among audit assistants in Sweden. While previous research has mainly focused on the affective dimension and a mixture of occupational groups within the accounting sector.

This thesis acknowledges the increasingly important issue of global freshwater scarcity. It focuses on water consumption in private households and examines whether social nudging, specifically the focus theory of normative conduct, can serve as a tool to reduce it. This is examined through action research conducted on the island of Gotland, Sweden, in cooperation with the local major housing company GotlandsHem. Despite some limitations, the findings show with a significance of 0.033 that, on average, almost 50 litres of water less were used weekly by each household after two social nudging interventions. This corresponds to 7,472.99 litres for all 151 nudged households. The findings show that the research design represents a way for housing companies to use the focus theory of normative conduct from the field of social nudging to reduce their tenants’ water consumption.

The European Union is one of the most significant international actors whose institutional character and specific conduct of foreign policy make it an interesting object of study. It creates robust policies and programmes to frame relations with both the Member States, as well as with neighbouring countries. The European Neighbourhood Policy, and the Eastern Partnership specifically, is one such example. Even though the ENP was formally designed as a policy of non - membership, the communication of the EU's stance tends to refrain from framing it that way. Consequently, this creates a situation in which the neighbouring state continues to aspire to become a member of the EU, despite lack of reform progress, in hope of a "membership delay". The thesis addresses this discrepancy on the example of the relationship between the EU and the Republic of Moldova after the signature of the Association Agreement by interpreting its development and by assessing how the EU uses its normative power to Europeanize Moldova. Keywords Normative power, Europeanization, EU-enlargement, the European Union, the Republic of Moldova

The fashion industry is the third largest manufacturing industry in the world. Companies’ sustainability reports contain the organization's social, economic and environmental work. Comparability is a necessary principle for stakeholders to make investment decisions between companies based on their sustainability reports. Voluntary sustainability reporting has recently become more common. Furthermore, states årsredovisningslagen (ÅRL) in Sweden that certain companies are obliged to prepare sustainability reports. In the US, on the other hand, there are no requirements for companies to report about sustainability. The comparability between companies' sustainability reports is improved by following Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The purpose of the study is to make a comparison between Swedish and American companies' sustainability reports and within each country in the fashion industry. The aim is to see how well companies’ sustainability reports in the US and Sweden follow the principle of comparability in terms of indicators in GRI's standards. To investigate this, a quantitative and qualitative method have been used. Theories used in the investigation to study comparability in American and Swedish clothing companies are the institutional theory and the legitimacy theory. The study shows that comparability is generally deficient between the US and Sweden and within each country. Worst comparability was found between Sweden and the US but within each country, Sweden had the best comparability

Master thesis "Comparison of Immigrant Integration Policies in the Netherlands and the Czech Republic" aims to give an evaluation of existing immigrant integration policies focused on the third-country nationals, from the perspective of their different socio-political historical developments and their practical functioning at the present days. This involves assessment of roles of all involved actors: the newcoming immigrants, already settled immigrants and both governmental and non-governmental actors. Conclusions of the thesis will reveal the main differences in the integration policies of the Netherlands and the Czech Republic.

This thesis concerns the topic of normative solidarity in informal elderly care. The main aim is to find the normative premises of informal elderly care, their specific examples and to prepare a possible way of including normative solidarity into the model of solidarity premises of informal elderly care. The results are based on an analysis of in-depth interviews. Firstly, specific examples of the normative solidarity concepts are presented. Secondly, the possible option of how to include normative solidarity in the model is proposed, including eight main points that are mainly about a potential carer's previous experiences and her/his opinions about care. The quantitative research shall either prove this or show that it was specific to respondents of this particular research only.