La thèse vise à étudier la stratégie des clubs sportifs à travers leur évolution dans la hiérarchie compétitive. Elle s'appuie dans une première partie sur la discussion des apports de la théorie des parties prenantes, du leadership et de la théorie des conventions pour proposer un modèle d'analyse de la dynamique stratégique d'un club, ainsi qu'une typologie de configurations stratégiques. Dans une deuxième partie, la thèse confronte ce modèle à une étude longitudinale de trois clubs de basket-ball sur une quarantaine d'années. Les trois cas permettent d'analyser quatre types de configurations stratégiques : de croissance, de consolidation, de redéploiement, de sauvegarde.Les résultats de la thèse mettent en évidence quatre types de trajectoire correspondant à la succession de différentes configurations stratégiques. Les points d'inflexion apparaissent lorsque la stratégie n'atteint pas les effets attendus. La trajectoire stratégique, basée sur le résultat sportif, caractérise de la dynamique stratégique d'un club par l'enchaînement dans le temps des configurations.

<p>By what means can legislative committees exercise influence on policy outputs? How and why do committees in different countries differ in their abilities to do so? This dissertation argues that legislative committee power is a multidimensional concept. Committee procedures can be distinguished into three analytic dimensions: 1) committees' positive agenda power, their power to ensure the placement of legislative versions preferred by them on the floor; 2) committees' negative agenda power, their power to delay or block the progress of legislation; and 3) committees' information capacity, institutional incentives granted to them to gather and transmit information. These distinct dimensions benefit different legislative actors. Therefore, they reflect different features of a political system, and may not be consistently strong or week.</p><p>Based on an original cross-national data set, the dissertation shows that committee procedures cluster empirically in these three distinct dimensions. Furthermore, the dissertation also demonstrates how legislators' electoral incentives, the composition of multiparty governments, preexisting authoritarian incumbents' uncertainty and bargaining power, and the changes in legislative memberships affect different dimensions of committee power.</p> / Dissertation

Baigiamajame darbe analizuojamos Lietuvos ir Estijos fiskalinės politikos verslo ciklo atžvilgiu. Tiriama, kaip kito valstybių taikoma fiskalinė politika keičiantis verslo ciklo momentams ir valdančių partijų ideologijoms. Darbo tikslas: suformuoti metodiką fiskalinės politikos vertinimui verlso ciklų atžvilgiu. Pirmiausia, ištirta mokslinė fiskalinės politikos, ekonomikos augimo modelių ir valdančių partijų ideologijų teorija. Ja remiantis suformuotas modelis, paremtas Cobb-Duglas ekonomikos augimo veiksniais: darbu ir kapitalu. Sukurtu modeliu tiriama bendrojo vidaus produkto pokyčio priklausomybė nuo dirbančiųjų skaičiaus, bendrojo kapitalo formavimo ir asignavimų pasikeitimo. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad modelis neparodo fiskalinės politikos ir verslo ciklų ryšio. Valstybės asignavimai gauti kaip statistiškai nereikšmingi bendro vidaus produkto pasikeitimui. Bendram fiskalinės politikos įvertinimui naudotas lyginamosios dinamikos metodas, kuriuo remiantis Lietuva ir Estija vykdo prociklines fiskalines politikas, nepriklausomai nuo valdančių partijų ideologijų. / In the thesis it is analysed fiscal policy of Lithuania and Estonia regarding to business cycle. There is made research how governments’ fiscal policy was changing by business cycle moments and main political parties’ ideologies. Thesis objective: create the methodic for fiscal policy evaluation regarding to business cycles. First of all, in the thesis was made fiscal policy, business cycles, and political parties ideologies theoretical analysis. After theoretical analysis was formed model, by Cobb-Douglas production function major factors: capital and work force. Model was used to find dependence between gross domestic product changes and gross capital forming, employees, government expenditure changes. Research showed that model doesn’t reveal connection between fiscal policy and business cycles. Government expenditure was detected like statistically insignificant for gross domestic product changes. Comparative model was used for general fiscal policy assessment, which showed that in Lithuania and Estonia it is used procyclical fiscal policy independently from political parties’ ideologies.

Visame pasaulyje vis daugiau dėmesio skiriama aplinkos apsaugai. Žmonės vis labiau supranta, jog visa socialinė gerovė bei progresas priklauso nuo aplinkos būklės. Lietuva taip pat eina subalansuotos plėtros keliu: aplinkosauginių normų pagrindai įtvirtinti Lietuvos Konstitucijoje, detalizuojami Lietuvos įstatymuose. Kadangi Lietuvoje pagrindinis politinės arenos dalyvis yra politinės partijos, tai labai svarbu žinoti kokią aplinkosauginę politiką jos siūlo. Partijos rinkiminėse programose deklaruoja savo politiką, kurioje išdėsto siekius, tikslus ir kaip jie bus realizuojami. Šiose programose partijos turi galimybę išdėstyti savo poziciją aplinkos apsaugos srityje. Trečiame skyriuje nagrinėjamos 2008 metų rinkimuose į Seimą patekusių partijų programos, bei jų įtaka formuojant penkioliktąją Vyriausybės veiklos programą. Pateiktose rinkiminėse programose partijų siūloma aplinkos apsaugos politika yra labai skirtinga. Partijos patekusios į Seimą turi galimybę įgyvendinti siūlomą politiką, kadangi konstitucinė prigimtis lemia jai ypatingą vaidmenį valstybės valdžios institucijų sistemoje. Seimo pagrindinė funkcija yra įstatymų leidyba, o Seimo nariai turi jiems suteiktą įstatymų iniciatyvos teisę. Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti politinių partijų rinkiminėse programose siūlomą aplinkosauginę politiką, kiek iškelti aplinkosaugos tikslai atitinka Lietuvoje aktualias problemas ir kiek dėmesio skiriama globalioms aplinkos problemoms. Išanalizavus politinių partijų pozicijas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Every new day people try to pay more attention on environment issues. They understand that welfare of the people and related progress depends on environmental conditions. This concerns Lithuania as well. The fundamentals of environment control norms are consolidated in the constitution of the republic of Lithuania and elaborated in laws of Lithuania. For the reason that the key point in this area refers to Lithuanian political parties, it is important to know, which environmental politics they do offer. In election programs, particular parties declare their politics, where members present different objectives and purposes, and steps of realizations. Within these programs, political parties have opportunities to provide member positions in the area of environmental protection. In Chapter 3, the party programs, which were elected in 2008, are analyzed along with their impact forming the fifteenth government activity program. The proposed environmental protection policy of all presented parties is very different. According to the constitution of the republic of Lithuania, elected to the Seimas political parties have an opportunity to implement their own proposed policy. The major role of the Seimas is law making. The Seimas members have appropriate rights to initiate a certain law, respectively. The main objective of the project is to analyze proposed environmental protection policies of all presented parties within election programs, investigate whether given environmental... [to full text]

The arbitration legislation of Kazakhstan has no direct answer to the problem of possible participation of the third parties therein. The analysis of the Kazakhstani legislation and practice, as well as the comparison of the Kazakhstani approach with international approaches regarding the problem of the third parties have revealed the necessity in the legislative reforms to be taken in Kazakhstan. These reforms are required for stabilization and equilibration of the position of third parties with all rest parties of the arbitration proceedings. Thus, the main aim of this thesis is to elaborate a series of suggestions on the potential development of the arbitration procedural legislative system and to address some of the gaps in the existing arbitration legislation.

The arbitration legislation of Kazakhstan has no direct answer to the problem of possible participation of the third parties therein. The analysis of the Kazakhstani legislation and practice, as well as the comparison of the Kazakhstani approach with international approaches regarding the problem of the third parties have revealed the necessity in the legislative reforms to be taken in Kazakhstan. These reforms are required for stabilization and equilibration of the position of third parties with all rest parties of the arbitration proceedings. Thus, the main aim of this thesis is to elaborate a series of suggestions on the potential development of the arbitration procedural legislative system and to address some of the gaps in the existing arbitration legislation.

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Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama radikalios dešinės politinių jėgų ideologija, visuomenės radikalizacijos procesas, radikalios dešinės politinės partijos bei jų rinkiminės sėkmės veiksniai. Remiantis ekspertų interviu tyrimu, analizuojama radikalios dešinės situacija ir perspektyvos Lietuvoje, taip pat yra tiriamos Lietuvos politinių partijų rinkiminės programos, siekiant nustatyti jose esančias radikalios dešinės ideologines ir programines nuostatas. / Master's thesis analyzes the ideology of radical right, public radicalization process, radical right political parties and factors of their electoral success. Based on expert‘s interviews study the situation and perspectives of radical right in Lithuania are analyzed, Lithuanian political parties electoral programs are studied in order to determine the presence of radical right ideological and programmatic provisions.

Belgium has recently undergone a 541-day period with no elected government following the 2010 general election. This has been called a government and cabinet crisis. This thesis aims to determine what is different about Belgium in 2010/11 compared to past years and what has contributed to Belgium’s difficulty forming coalitions recently. By using coalition formation theory and investigating institutional and sociological aspects of Belgian politics, this research project has found an initial explanation for why the Belgian government crisis of 2010 occurred. Several institutional and sociological aspects are now working against each other and hindering cooperative behaviour among the Belgian political parties. Belgium has become the victim of its own well-adapted and unique political system.

This is an analysis of flank and shift effects in political sociology that focuses on anti-immigrant parties in eight European countries. In a positive radical flank effect the radical party makes the moderate and mildly-threatening parties look good. In turn, that moderate party then gains power or at least many of their ends. A negative radical flank effect occurs when the actual or perceived association of the moderate party with the radical party causes the moderate party to lose support. Radical shift effects are when the moderate or conservative party shifts its policy toward the radical direction. In this case, the radical party may become a coalition partner with the moderate or conservative party. And conservative or moderate shift is when the radical party shifts its policy toward a more moderate direction in order to assume power or court votes. The radical flank effects have some currency in the civil rights literature, but the other two effects have been largely ignored. This thesis shows that the radical shifts, radical flank, and moderate shift effects do have explanatory value in political sociology.