Rapporten undersöker vilka faktorer i influencers sponsrade inlägg på Instagram som påverkar studenters attityder gentemot influencers. Vidare undersöks hur influencer marketing påverkar studenters köpintentioner. Vald metod för undersökningen är en kvantitativenkätundersökning med 72 respondenter bestående av studenter på Högskolan i Borås. Resultatet visar att faktorer som påverkar studenters attityder gentemot influencers är hur ofta sponsrade inlägg publiceras, vilken typ av produkt eller tjänst som marknadsförs och om förmåner som rabattkoder inkluderas i det sponsrade inlägget. Vidare visar resultatet att studenters köpintentioner påverkas positivt om om det inkluderas rabattkoder i det sponsrade inlägget och om produkten eller tjänsten marknadsförs på ett tilltalande sätt enligt konsumenten. Därtill påverkas studenters köpintentioner positivt genom att de via sponsrade inlägg på Instagram lägger märke till produkter de tidigare inte haft kännedom om. Slutligen väljer studenter att köpa av influencers sponsrade inlägg då de litar på influencerns omdöme och förväntar sig därför att produkten eller tjänsten är bra. / This report examines the effects of influencer marketing on student attitudes and purchase intentions. The study focuses on the effects of influencers sponsored posts on their Instagram account. Its purpose is to identify the factors in sponsored Instagram posts that affect students attitudes towards influencers as well as to identify how it affects consumer purchase behaviours. The method used was a quantitative survey with 72 participants consisting of university students attending University of Borås. The results showed that factors affecting student attitudes towards influencers was frequency of posting, the type of product being advertised and different benefits included in the offer, such as discount codes. The results also showed that students purchase behavior is mainly affected by discounts and by how the product is being advertised. Students also claimed that their purchase behaviour is affected by the fact that the sponsored posts makes the consumer aware of a product that they did not know of previous to seeing the post. Lastly, consumer purchase behaviour is also affected positively because consumers claim to trust the influencers judgement and therefore believe that the product will hold a certain level of quality or standard. This study is written and conducted in Swedish.

The subject of non-theatrical films is an understudied topic in archival science. This paper shows how the different approaches to censorship measures that were in play during the 1920s have affected the archiving of non-theatrical films. In the advent of technical and artistic advancement of the film medium, non-theatrical film production had become a prolific business in both the USA and Sweden during the 1920s. At this point in time, filmmaking had become sophisticated enough to tackle more ambitious narratives, while non-fiction filmmaking was still in its gestational period before the 1930s when documentary filmmaking started to be regarded as an art form. As two major film nations of the 1920s, American and Swedish lobbying groups had different views on censorship legislation. In 1911, Sweden founded the first federal censorship bureau in the world, Statens biografbyrå. In America on the other hand, the National Board of Review vehemently opposed any federal attempts to legislate the contents of film. Instead, the National Board of Review implemented a different tactic to sanitize film by incentivizing high quality filmmaking through different strategies that were based on film producers’ voluntary cooperation. Through comparative critical discourse analysis of two case studies, this study found that the archival findings from Tullbergs film and Baumer films were symptomatic of being created during the evidence paradigm, as defined by Terry Cook, where the most useful documentation could be found in state institutions exerting control over film.

台灣加入WTO後，各產業面臨全球化之激烈競爭，而國內流通業者如何在連鎖化、大型化、多樣化、差異化的趨勢中，善用高科技，創新經營模式，提升競爭力，已是刻不容緩的課題。台灣流通業者，規模小，數量多，e化人才不足，因此政府在這方面之協助，更顯重要性。 商業司自民國90年起推動「商業e化輔導推動計畫」至民國93年止已輔導了127個體系，共由127家受輔導廠商及其帶動上線企業26,641家接受政府補助進行各項B2B需求鏈的e化應用，如電子採購(e-Procurement)、電子帳務處理(e-Payment)、企業資源規劃(Enterprise Resource Planning)、協同規劃/預測/補貨系統(Collaborative Planning， Forecasting & Replenishment)等。 為了暸解其效益，本研究就民國93年年度接受政府輔導的11個行業別，42個體系，42家受輔導廠商及5,697家帶動上線企業進行問卷普查，及個案訪談加上專家意見，進行方式與步驟如下： 1. 針對帶動上線企業之問卷調查與分析，暸解其持續上線狀況，e化效益，e化交易金額比重，e化困難點，e化滿意度並給予企業提出相關建議等。 2. 依據帶動上線企業各項問卷普查及意見彙整後，再提供受輔導廠商予以回覆，並了解關鍵性績效指標之改善或提升程度。 3. 針對回卷率特別偏低或高，或無持續上線率偏高，或持續上線率高，之受輔導廠商進行深度個案訪談。 4. 佐以商業司主辦的各項會議之專家意見 本研究綜合上述各項調查、個案訪談、意見彙總，除瞭解政府商業e化推動措施對流通業及物流業之效益外，亦針對政府、流通業及資服業提出建議，希望能在產官學研的共同努力下，利用e化提升我國流通業之競爭力。 / Industries in Taiwan have been facing severe competition in the global marketplace since Taiwan joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). E-Commerce is touted as the necessary technology and management innovation for the retailing industry in Taiwan to improve its productivity and competitiveness. Since most retailers in Taiwan are small and medium firms, they frequently lack sufficient resource to implement E-Commerce. Consequently, government must provide the retailers with necessary support and guidance to upgrade their E-Commerce practices. The Department of Commerce (DOC) in Taiwan has been actively assisting the retailers with their e-commerce implementation. Between 2001 and 2004, DOC embarked on the “E-Commerce Promotion and Assistance Plan” and successfully established 127 E-Commerce systems, sponsored 127 firms who subsequently involved 26,641 affiliated firms downstream to implement various B2B programs, including e-Procurement, e-Payment, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and Collaborative Planning, Forecasting & Replenishment (CPFR). The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of DOC’s current E-Commerce policy for supporting the retailers in Taiwan. To collect necessary information, this study surveyed 42 systems, 42 sponsored firms and 5,697 affiliated firms, visited several individual retailers, and interviewed a few industry experts. The following is the research procedure followed by this study. 1. Based on the completed questionnaires from the affiliated firms, this study analyzed and studied the progress, effectiveness, sales contribution, difficulties, and satisfaction of their E-Commerce implementation. Accordingly, several suggestions for improvement were proposed. 2. The feedback from the affiliated firms was provided to those sponsored firms for adjusting their future E-Commerce strategies. 3. Identified several sponsored firms who had either low or high usage of the established E-Commerce programs and conducted in-depth interviews to understand the success and failure of the implementation. 4. Solicited expert opinions from a few DOC-sponsored meetings. With valuable information collected from the above sources, this study intends to shed light in the effectiveness of the government’s current E-Commerce policy. Additionally, this study hopes to provide suggestions to the government, the retailing industry, and the IT industry for improving the practice of E-Commerce and ultimately the global competitiveness of the retailing industry in Taiwan.

Social media are online accommodations where users can interact with other users, which has become a phenomenon that has grown and completely exploded over the past decade. Companies are well aware of this and has invested a large amount of resources in order to establish a better contact with their customers. Companies have several different fields of applications with social media such as gathering information, promotion, communicating with customers and reach out to desired audience effectively. Millennials are the generation who most frequently use social media and also grown up during the phenomenon's development. Previous research has shown that companies have had difficulties in reaching out to the millennial generation. This thesis purpose is to gain a deeper understanding of how companies can use social media to facilitate the segmentation process and effectively reach out to the millennial generation. Therefor two research questions have been established. The two research questions have been answered with assistance from relevant theory and research in the subject area. A case study was applied for the study, where the data was gathered from two focus groups discussing the social media platform Facebook. Each focus group consisted of eight participants within the millennial generation containing basic knowledge in marketing. The study’s result indicates millennials to follow (and thereby self-segment themselves) influential profiles they have a personal interest towards. However, Facebook is not the platform where the millennials follow these profiles. The study also indicates the best way to capture millennials interest on Facebook is through short, humorous videos with an interest capturing beginning. The study’s results also show millennia’s have a low interest in interacting with companies on Facebook. / Sociala medier är onlineplatser där personer kan interagera med varandra. Detta fenomen har vuxit i en accelererande fart under de senaste decenniet och fångat stort intresse hos företag som lägger massiva resurser på att få en bättre kontakt med sina kunder. Företag har åtskilda användningsområden av sociala medier, som till exempel att samla kundinformation, marknadsföra sig, kommunicera med kunder och att nå ut till en önskad målgrupp. Millennials är den generationen som flitigast använder sociala medier och har växt upp under fenomenets utveckling. Tidigare forskning visar att företag har haft svårigheter med att nå ut till millennial generationen. Denna uppsats syfte är därför att ge en djupare förståelse om hur företag kan använda sig av sociala medier för att förenkla segmenteringsprocessen och nå ut till millennial generationen. För att få en djupare förståelse inom område, har vi formulerat två forskningsfrågor. Forskningsfrågorna har i sin tur blivit besvarade med ståndpunkt i relevant teori och forskning inom området. Studien utfördes som en fallstudie, där informationen samlades in från två fokusgrupper som diskuterade Facebook. Vardera fokusgrupp bestod av åtta deltager inom millennial generationen, med grundläggande marknadsförings kunskaper. Studiens resultat indikerar på att millennial generationen följer (och där igenom själv-segmenterar sig själva) inflytande profiler de finner ett personligt intresse för. Dock är Facebook inte den plattform de använder för att följa dessa profiler. Vidare indikerar studien att det bästa sättet att fånga millennial generationens intresse är genom en kort, roligt video, där något intressant händer under de första sekunderna. Studiens resultat visar även att millennial generation inte har något större intresse av att interagera med företag på Facebook.

A prestação privada de serviços públicos constitui atividade essencial do Estado contemporâneo. O objeto deste trabalho é o exame das formas de prestação privada de serviços públicos no Brasil. De início, analisa como pressuposto para o desenvolvimento do tema central a atividade administrativa estatal prestada nos três níveis da Federação (União, Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios), na qual se insere a atividade administrativa material de prestação de serviço público. A seguir, analisa a evolução e as motivações da passagem da execução do serviço público, de início apenas feita pelo próprio Poder Público, para os particulares. O exame dos fundamentos constitucionais do serviço público, plantados na Constituição de 1988, aplicáveis aos três níveis de poder federativo e o estudo das formas de delegação de serviço público aos particulares previstas nos artigos 175, 223 e nos incisos XI e XII do artigo 21 da Constituição Federal completam a análise. O tema central do estudo é tratado em seguida, que cuida especificamente das formas de serviço público que permitem sua prestação por particulares e que são admitidas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Demonstrado que a delegação de serviços públicos para a iniciativa privada, consoante determina a Constituição de 1988, se realiza sob três formas, a concessão, a permissão e a autorização, o trabalho se debruça inicialmente no exame da concessão de serviços públicos rotulada de tradicional. Por se tratar da primeira das fórmulas de execução privada de serviços públicos, detém-se o texto no estudo dos vários aspectos que envolvem essa modalidade de prestação de serviços públicos, aspectos que vão servir de parâmetro para a análise das demais espécies de delegação de serviços públicos aos particulares. Assim, após um breve histórico dos antecedentes da concessão de serviços públicos, examina, além de outros pontos, o significado da expressão e sua natureza jurídica, a exigibilidade de licitação e as formas de extinção da relação decorrente da concessão. As características da concessão são desenvolvidas sob a ótica tríplice do que se denomina de \"participantes\" ou \"atores\" na relação de concessão: a Administração Pública, o concessionário e o usuário e, a partir delas, busca extrair uma conceituação da concessão de serviços públicos adequada aos objetivos do trabalho. Nesse tópico, ponto relevante do tema é o que diz respeito ao exame das espécies de concessão admitidas pela doutrina e pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: a concessão patrocinada, ou as parcerias público-privadas e a concessão administrativa, os consórcios público-privados e a franquia. As outras modalidades constitucionais de delegação de serviços públicos, a permissão e a autorização, constituem tema de estudo dos tópicos seguintes. Considera na análise dessas modalidades, particularmente no que diz respeito à autorização, a problemática apontada pela doutrina contemporânea quanto à sua inserção, dentre as formas de delegação de serviços públicos e a sua efetiva aplicabilidade na estrutura administrativa dos três níveis da Federação brasileira. / Providing public services is an essential duty of the modern state. The purpose of this study is to analyse the manners in which the private sector in Brazil provide public services. First it analyses as a precondition to develop the central theme, the state\'s administrative activities throughout Brazil\'s three constitutional levels (the union, states, federal district and the cities) in which the public services are provided. Then it analyses how public services have developed since they were first offered by the State, to their transformation in being offered by the private sector. There then follows a study of artides 175, 223 and 21(XI) and (XII) of Brazil\'s Constitution of 1988, which provide the grounds for the offering of public services throughout the levels of the federation. It closes with a study of how public services are delegated to the private sector. After it analyses the central theme of this study; the different types of public services that Brazilian law states may be delegated to the private sector. The study explains that under the 1988 Constitution, public services may be delegated to the private sector using three different forms: concessions; permissions, and authorisations. The text first examines the traditional method of delegating public service: the granting of concessions. The study then analyses the different forms of concession, which will act as a parameter for the other types of delegation. After a brief history of public service concessions, the study examines the legal meaning of \"concession\" under Brazilian law, the need for a public tender and how concessions are terminated. The characteristics of the concession are developed using three perspectives from what are called \"participants\" or \"actors\" in the concession relationship: the government, the concessionaire and the user of the services. The study then attempts to define a concept of a public services concession that ties in with the purposes of this study. In this context, the study then considers legal scholarship and the Brazilian legal system: sponsored concessions, or the public-private partnership (PPPs) the administrative concessions, the public-private joint venture and franchises. The study progresses to an analysis of the other types of delegated public services - the permissions and authorisations. In analysing these types of delegation - and especially the authorisation - the problem arising from modern legal scholarship is considered in the context of its relation with the other types of delegations of public services, and how it actually applies throughout the three constitutional levels.

Over the past decade, Social Impact Investing (SII) has garnered increasing attention among public policy makers as a solution for multigenerational, complex, intractable social and environmental problems, or as some advocates like to say, ‘wicked’ problems. The growing interest in SII aligns with the expansion, since the 1980s, of a set of public sector reforms that make use of new public policy instruments to achieve public objectives. Neoliberal economists and New Public Management (NPM) theorists have long argued for these reforms to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of government bureaucracies. These reforms have led to a paradigm shift that Lester M. Salamon has labeled ‘New Governance’, characterized by public policies that make use of market mechanisms, partnerships with new actors, networks and flexible rules. Public administration scholars have suggested focusing on public policy instruments instead of the traditional focus on programs and institutions to gain an understanding of the dynamics of the ‘New Governance’ paradigm and to address important questions that go beyond the dimensions of effectiveness and efficiency. This dissertation draws on Lester M. Salamon’s framework for analyzing public policy instruments combined with a conceptual framework developed by the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD). The thesis uses this framework to assess the SII market by examining three cases of Canadian federal public policy instruments designed and implemented to achieve socio-economic objectives. These policy instruments provide either a cash transfer or a tax incentive to create investment funds mandated to invest with a purpose of making a return and achieving a positive social outcome. The dissertation employs a qualitative research approach and case study method to explore questions of equity and effectiveness to produce findings and recommendations useful to pubic administration scholars who focus their research on public policy instruments and to public policy makers who are considering policy options for structuring and growing the SII market. Data was collected through an extensive document review and 19 semistructured interviews. A dimensional analysis, SII analysis and discourse analysis of the data were undertaken. The researcher made the choice of undertaking a discourse analysis in order to fill a gap in the public policy instrument literature and inform the debate on SII. This dissertation contributes to the body of knowledge on public policy instruments and SII by presenting the results of a comparative analysis of three public policy instruments that created investment funds mandated to produce socio-economic outcomes.

A prestação privada de serviços públicos constitui atividade essencial do Estado contemporâneo. O objeto deste trabalho é o exame das formas de prestação privada de serviços públicos no Brasil. De início, analisa como pressuposto para o desenvolvimento do tema central a atividade administrativa estatal prestada nos três níveis da Federação (União, Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios), na qual se insere a atividade administrativa material de prestação de serviço público. A seguir, analisa a evolução e as motivações da passagem da execução do serviço público, de início apenas feita pelo próprio Poder Público, para os particulares. O exame dos fundamentos constitucionais do serviço público, plantados na Constituição de 1988, aplicáveis aos três níveis de poder federativo e o estudo das formas de delegação de serviço público aos particulares previstas nos artigos 175, 223 e nos incisos XI e XII do artigo 21 da Constituição Federal completam a análise. O tema central do estudo é tratado em seguida, que cuida especificamente das formas de serviço público que permitem sua prestação por particulares e que são admitidas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Demonstrado que a delegação de serviços públicos para a iniciativa privada, consoante determina a Constituição de 1988, se realiza sob três formas, a concessão, a permissão e a autorização, o trabalho se debruça inicialmente no exame da concessão de serviços públicos rotulada de tradicional. Por se tratar da primeira das fórmulas de execução privada de serviços públicos, detém-se o texto no estudo dos vários aspectos que envolvem essa modalidade de prestação de serviços públicos, aspectos que vão servir de parâmetro para a análise das demais espécies de delegação de serviços públicos aos particulares. Assim, após um breve histórico dos antecedentes da concessão de serviços públicos, examina, além de outros pontos, o significado da expressão e sua natureza jurídica, a exigibilidade de licitação e as formas de extinção da relação decorrente da concessão. As características da concessão são desenvolvidas sob a ótica tríplice do que se denomina de \"participantes\" ou \"atores\" na relação de concessão: a Administração Pública, o concessionário e o usuário e, a partir delas, busca extrair uma conceituação da concessão de serviços públicos adequada aos objetivos do trabalho. Nesse tópico, ponto relevante do tema é o que diz respeito ao exame das espécies de concessão admitidas pela doutrina e pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro: a concessão patrocinada, ou as parcerias público-privadas e a concessão administrativa, os consórcios público-privados e a franquia. As outras modalidades constitucionais de delegação de serviços públicos, a permissão e a autorização, constituem tema de estudo dos tópicos seguintes. Considera na análise dessas modalidades, particularmente no que diz respeito à autorização, a problemática apontada pela doutrina contemporânea quanto à sua inserção, dentre as formas de delegação de serviços públicos e a sua efetiva aplicabilidade na estrutura administrativa dos três níveis da Federação brasileira. / Providing public services is an essential duty of the modern state. The purpose of this study is to analyse the manners in which the private sector in Brazil provide public services. First it analyses as a precondition to develop the central theme, the state\'s administrative activities throughout Brazil\'s three constitutional levels (the union, states, federal district and the cities) in which the public services are provided. Then it analyses how public services have developed since they were first offered by the State, to their transformation in being offered by the private sector. There then follows a study of artides 175, 223 and 21(XI) and (XII) of Brazil\'s Constitution of 1988, which provide the grounds for the offering of public services throughout the levels of the federation. It closes with a study of how public services are delegated to the private sector. After it analyses the central theme of this study; the different types of public services that Brazilian law states may be delegated to the private sector. The study explains that under the 1988 Constitution, public services may be delegated to the private sector using three different forms: concessions; permissions, and authorisations. The text first examines the traditional method of delegating public service: the granting of concessions. The study then analyses the different forms of concession, which will act as a parameter for the other types of delegation. After a brief history of public service concessions, the study examines the legal meaning of \"concession\" under Brazilian law, the need for a public tender and how concessions are terminated. The characteristics of the concession are developed using three perspectives from what are called \"participants\" or \"actors\" in the concession relationship: the government, the concessionaire and the user of the services. The study then attempts to define a concept of a public services concession that ties in with the purposes of this study. In this context, the study then considers legal scholarship and the Brazilian legal system: sponsored concessions, or the public-private partnership (PPPs) the administrative concessions, the public-private joint venture and franchises. The study progresses to an analysis of the other types of delegated public services - the permissions and authorisations. In analysing these types of delegation - and especially the authorisation - the problem arising from modern legal scholarship is considered in the context of its relation with the other types of delegations of public services, and how it actually applies throughout the three constitutional levels.

This thesis examines industrial welfarism in Australia from 1890 to 1965. This period witnessed the gradual spread of the welfarism movement throughout Australian industry as employers sought ways to increase productivity and control in the face of external challenges. Once reaching its peak in the immediate post-War period, the welfarism movement was gradually subsumed as part of the increasing formalisation of personnel management. Waves of interest in welfare provision coincided with periods of labour shortage and/or labour militancy in Australia, indicating its dual role in the management of labour. Firstly, by offering benefits and services beyond that made necessary by the law or industrial awards, welfarism was designed to create a pool of good quality workers for management to draw from. Secondly, managers sought to enhance their control over these workers and their productive effort, using welfarism as a technique to build worker consent to managerial authority. This could be achieved through subtle methods aimed at boosting loyalty and morale, or through more direct programs designed to increase worker dependency on the company. In both ways, individual and collective worker resistance could be minimised, thereby reinforcing managerial prerogative. Despite its adoption by a variety of companies, a number of economic, political and institutional factors limited the extent of industrial welfarism in Australia. These include the small-scale of most enterprises prior to the Second World War, state involvement in the area of industrial relations and welfare provision, and the strength of organised labour. While the welfarism movement did not reach the heights experienced overseas, it nonetheless provided an important contribution to the development of formal labour management in Australia.

No description available.

Game theory and mechanism design have emerged as an important tool to model, analyze,and solve decentralized design problems involving multiple agents that interact strategically in a rational and intelligent way. Some examples of these design problems include: auctions and markets in electronic commerce; network economics; dynamic pricing; routing protocols in wireless networks; resource allocation in computational grids; algorithms for selfish agents;etc. The motivation for this doctoral work springs from the high level of current interest indesigning innovative mechanisms for solving emerging game theoretic problems in the area of electronic commerce. In this thesis, we focus on three such problems and advance the current art in mechanism design while developing new, innovative mechanisms to solve the problems. The first problem we explore is the highly strategic problem of forming a high value E-business supply chain by choosing the best mix of supply chain partners. In our research, we formulate the supply chain formation problem as a mechanism design problem in a generic wayand show that the well known VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) mechanisms provide an apt frame-work for solving this problem. We provide a compelling example of a three stage automotive distribution network to illustrate the power and e±cacy of the proposed methodology. The second problem we model and solve is that of designing a revenue maximizing sponsored search auction. This is a problem that is faced by every Internet search engine, such as Google,MSN, and Yahoo!, whenever it receives a search query. In our research, we take a comprehensivelook at existing auction mechanisms for this problem. Our work leads to an innovative new auction mechanism, which we call OPT (optimal mechanism), that exhibits a superior level ofperformance. The proposed mechanism extends, in a non-trivial way, the well known Myersonoptimal auction to the specific setting of sponsored search auctions. The proposed mechanism maximizes the revenue to the search engine and also satisfies two crucial properties, Bayesian incentive compatibility and interim individual rationality. The third contribution is in respect of Stackelberg problems, which are game theoretic problems that involve hierarchical and sequential decision making. By focusing attention on an important subclass of these problems, namely the Single-Leader-Rest-Followers (SLRF) problems, we extend all relevant aspects of classical mechanism design theory to the case of SLRF problems. We derive many important results in respect of procurement auctions with reserve prices using the developed theory. The research carried out as part of this doctoral work, we believe, advances the current art in mechanism design while developing innovative mechanisms to solve those problems.