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No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Emanuella de Castro Marcolino.pdf: 2439660 bytes, checksum: b61982f7bf9e5e2479353f79250564c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-28 / Introduction: It is understood by school violence those aggression situations arising from relationships and caused practices at school or out of it, including interpersonal conflicts, property damages and criminal acts committed by various school actors, namely to students, teachers, staff; manifested through aggression students and their peers, students and teachers, students and staff and unlike. Objective: To analyze the frequency and the factors associated with victimization and aggression of school violence among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years registered in municipal public schools in Campina Grande, Brazil. Materials and Methods: Set up as a cross-sectional epidemiological study with inductive approach, descriptive and analytical character. The sample was characterized as probabilistic by conglomerate in a stratum. The sample size calculation was done considering the prevalence of 50% of school violence, adopting a confidence level of 95% and 5% from error margin, design effect (Deff) of 1.7% and an increase of 20% for losses. He estimated the final sample in 678 adolescents. To collect the data we used the instrument called School Violence Scale, Likert scale that measures school violence frequency and severity. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, school violence physical, psychological, material, virtual and symbolic; victimization and aggression by school violence, physical, psychological and virtual bullying, alcohol use, weapon possession and firearm at school. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 18.0 and presented by descriptive statistics (absolute and percentage distributions, mean, median and standard deviation). For inferential analysis we used the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact. The significance level to be used in statistical tests was 5% and 95% confidence interval. Results: Self-reported school violence reached 86.3% of students. Girls were victims predominantly of psychological violence, while boys experienced higher victimization by physical and material violence. There was a significant association between the variables "being aggressor" with "alcohol use" (p <0.001; OR = 3.92 [2.01 to 7.65]), "carry weapon at school" (p = 0.03; PR = 2.17 [1.08 to 4.34]) and "porting firearm at school" (PR = 17.73; [2.32 to 135.02]). As for school bullying, 29.5% of students reported victimization by bullying, while 8.4% of the students said bullying practice against another student. There was a male students predominance in bullying cases both as victims and as perpetrators. Conclusions: It is inferred that school violence, in most cases, involves male students, with victims and / or aggressors who demonstrate risk behavior in school. Similarly, bullying affects, mostly, male students, who alternate in the role of victim and aggressors, and bullying aggressors more likely to use tobacco and alcohol at school. / Introdução: Entende-se por violência escolar as situações de agressão decorrentes das relações e práticas ocasionadas na escola ou fora desta, abrangendo conflitos interpessoais, danos ao patrimônio e atos criminosos cometidos pelos diversos atores escolares, a saber, alunos, professores, funcionários; manifestados por meio de agressões de alunos e seus pares, alunos e professores, alunos e funcionários e vice e versa. Objetivo: Analisar a frequência e os fatores associados à vitimização e a agressão da violência escolar entre adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos matriculados na rede pública municipal de ensino de Campina Grande/BR. Materiais e Métodos: Configura-se como um estudo epidemiológico transversal com abordagem indutiva, de caráter descritivo e analítico. A amostragem caracterizou-se como do tipo probabilística por conglomerado em um estrato. O cálculo amostral foi realizado considerando-se a prevalência de 50% de violência escolar, sendo adotado um nível de confiança de 95% e margem de erro de 5%, efeito do desenho (Deff) de 1,7 e um acréscimo de 20% para perdas. Estimou-se a amostra final em 678 adolescentes. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se o instrumento denominado Escala de Violência Escolar, escala tipo Likert que mensura frequência e gravidade da violência escolar. Analisou-se as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, violência escolar, violência escolar física, psicológica, material, virtual e simbólica; vitimização por violência escolar, agressão por violência escolar, bullying, bullying físico, bullying psicológico, bullying virtual, uso de álcool, porte de arma branca e arma de fogo na escola. Os dados coletados foram analisados com o SPSS versão 18.0 e apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva (distribuições absolutas e percentuais, média, mediana e desvio padrão). Para análise inferencial utilizou-se os testes do Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. O nível de significância a ser adotado nos testes estatísticos foi de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A violência escolar autorelatada atingiu 86,3% dos estudantes. As adolescentes foram vítimas, predominantemente, da violência psicológica, enquanto os adolescentes sofreram maior vitimização por violência física e material. Verificou-se associação significativa entre as variáveis “ser agressor” com o “uso de álcool” (p<0,001; RP=3,92 [2,01-7,65]), “portar arma branca na escola” (p=0,03; RP=2,17 [1,08-4,34]) e “portar arma de fogo na escola” (RP=17,73; [2,32-135,02]). Quanto ao bullying escolar, 29,5% dos escolares relataram vitimização por bullying, enquanto 8,4% dos estudantes afirmaram praticarem bullying contra outro estudante. Observou-se a predominância dos estudantes do sexo masculino nos casos de bullying tanto atingiu 86,3% dos estudantes. As adolescentes foram vítimas, como vítimas quanto como agressores. Conclusões: Infere-se que a violência escolar, na maioria dos casos, envolve escolares do sexo masculino, sendo vítimas e/ou agressores que demonstram comportamento de risco na escola. De modo semelhante, o bullying atinge, majoritariamente, estudantes do sexo masculino, que alternam o papel de vítima e de agressores, tendo os agressores de bullying mais chances de uso de fumo e consumo de álcool na escola.

O presente trabalho pretende ser uma contribuição aos estudos que se dedicam a compreensão da figura da vítima e seu lugar em nosso arranjo social contemporâneo. Investigando a trajetória e experiências de um grupo de familiares de vítimas da violência armada, especialmente policial, formado no Estado de São Paulo a partir dos Crimes de Maio de 2006, a centralidade da vítima e seus discursos foram sociologicamente analisados. Nos interstícios de nosso recente regime democrático, permeada por práticas autoritárias dos agentes dos órgãos encarregados de garantir a lei e a ordem, encontrarmos as Mães de Maio, atores que em suas narrativas exteriorizam as experiências de uma violência institucional caracterizada pelo silêncio e pela impunidade. Iniciamos nosso percurso versando sobre alguns dos processos e atores históricos que tornaram possível a centralidade da figura da vítima em nosso arranjo contemporâneo, qualificando a compreensão relativa aos significados de sua presença e discursos no Brasil. Seguimos realizando discussões sobre os Crimes de Maio de 2006 e suas condições de possibilidades para depois retratar as experiências dos familiares das vítimas da violência armada em suas peregrinações pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A tese se encerra através de algumas considerações acerca dos impactos da emergência da figura da vítima nas interpretações acerca do fenômeno violência e na produção da teoria social contemporânea / The present study is intended to be a contribution to studies that are dedicated to understanding the figure of the victim and its place in our social arrangement contemporary. Investigating the history and experience of a group of family members of the victims of armed violence, especially police, formed in the State of Sao Paulo from the Crimes of May 2006, the centrality of the victim and their speeches were sociologically analyzed. In the interstices of our recent democratic regime, permeated by authoritarian practices of agents of the bodies responsible for ensuring law and order, find the Mothers May, actors that their narratives externalize the experiences of an institutional violence characterized by silence and impunity. We started our journey dealing about some of the processes and historical actors that made possible the centrality of the figure of the victim in our contemporary arrangement, qualifying the understanding concerning the meanings of their presence and speeches in Brazil. We continue holding discussions on the Crimes of May 2006 and its conditions of possibility for after portraying the experiences of family members of the victims of armed violence in their pilgrimages by Brazilian legal system. The thesis concludes with some considerations about the impacts of the emergence of the figure of the victim in interpretations about violence phenomenon and in the production of contemporary social theory

Depuis une quinzaine d'années, l'Espagne traverse un mouvement de réflexion complexe ayant trait au legs de la violence d'Etat perpétrée sous la Guerre Civile (1936-1939) et sous la dictature franquiste (1939-1975). Ce mouvement de « récupération de la Mémoire Historique », selon la dénomination autochtone, regroupe un ensemble d'initiatives militantes (mobilisations « mémorielles », de « victimes », de lutte contre l' « impunité »), qui reproduisent les lexiques et les pratiques en vogue dans les contextes de post-conflit (lutte pour la « justice, la vérité, la réparation, exhumations de fosses communes,»...). Cette thèse analyse les logiques de production de catégories nouvelles de la protestation (« disparus », « victimes », « vérité et justice »...), la circulation internationale de compétences militantes propres au post-conflit (exhumations, militantisme des droits de l'homme »...), des nouvelles lectures à porter sur la violence passée. Cet espace protestataire étant majoritairement composé par un personnel héritier ou issu de la gauche républicaine espagnole, cette thèse rend compte des manières dont ce nouveau militantisme des droits de l'homme a contribué à recomposer l'espace protestataire de la gauche espagnole. / Over the last decade in Spain, the legacy of the political violence perpetrated throughout the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the Francoist regime (1939-1975) became a significant issue among various protest movements. “The Recovery of Historical Memory Movement”, according to the local denomination, gathers a large scale of collective actions in which prevails the use of typical “postconflict” resources, practices and registers : collection of testimonies, mass grave exhumations, mobilization for “Justice, Truth and Reparation”, etc. This thesis analyzes the social logics underlying the production of new protest categories (“disappeared”, “victims”, “truth and justice”), the international circulation of specific “conflict resolution” expertises and authorities (exhumations, human rights militancy), and new readings of past violence. This protesting space being predominantly composed of actors heiring or stemming from the Spanish republican left, I will analyze the ways by which this new human rights militancy has contributed to the recomposition of the local leftist militancy.

Cette recherche a pour objectif de saisir les mobilisations plurielles et éclatées autour de la mise en récit publique du conflit armé dans un contexte de violence en Colombie. Inspirée par les travaux sur les sorties de conflit et la sociologie de la mémoire, elle prend comme terrain d’observation les lieux de mémoire (musées et maisons de la mémoire, monuments) qui se multiplient depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt-six. Elle envisage les lieux de mémoire comme des objets pertinents pour saisir les rapports de force politiques et sociaux qui se nouent dans un contexte de sortie de conflit très relatif. À partir d’entretiens et d’observations ethnographiques menées dans trois lieux de mémoire, ce travail questionne les effets des lieux de mémoire sur le politique. Il met en évidence les limites du pouvoir des lieux de mémoire à encadrer les mémoires et à participer à la fin du conflit. En revanche, ils pacifient le rapport historiquement conflictuel qu’entretient l’État avec certains groupes sociaux en reformulant des problèmes politiques et économiques sous l’angle du symbolique et en créant de nouvelles formes de luttes et d’engagement politique. Les lieux de mémoire reconfigurent les rapports entre gouvernants et gouvernés : à travers mise en récit du conflit armé, des revendications sociales et politiques en sortent pacifiées et re-politisées. / The aim of this research is to capture the plural and fragmented mobilisations around the elaboration of a public narrative of the armed conflict in a context of violence in Colombia. Inspired by works on conflict resolution and on the sociology of memory, it takes as its field of study the places of memory (museums and houses of memory, monuments) that have multiplied since the end of the eighties. It considers the places of memory as relevant objects to grasp the relationships that come into being between political and social forces in a context of a very relative conflict resolution. From interviews and ethnographic observations conducted in three places of memory, the thesis questions the effects of places of memory on politics. This work highlights the limits of the power of the influence that places of memory have on the framing of the memories and in participating in the conflict resolution. On the other hand, they pacify the historically conflictual relationship that the state maintains with certain social groups by reformulating political and economic problems, giving them a symbolic prism, and by creating new forms of struggle and political activism. Places of memory reconfigure relations between those that govern and the governed: through the elaboration of a narrative for the armed conflict, social and political demands come out pacified and re-politicized.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an extremely prevalent and concerning social issue, with limited current intervention and prevention strategies. Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have demonstrated some small effects of programs in reducing offender recidivism, however there is a growing understanding that not all offenders respond similarly to batterer intervention and the problem of IPV persists. Restorative justice programs including impact panels may be an important addition to BIPs, but research is extremely limited on impact panel effectiveness and whether panels are appropriate for IPV or pose additional safety risks to survivors. The current study consists of a naturalistic mixed-methods evaluation of the use of IPV impact panels in the context of batterer intervention. Data collection methods include an ethnographic inquiry of the program setting and participant experiences, archival data analysis of offender responses to the panel (N = 287), and focus groups (k = 4) with survivors, offenders, and BIP providers to investigate the panel's impact on survivors and offenders and generate potential indicators of panel outcomes for survivors and offenders. Findings suggest that panel impacts on survivors include reaching new understandings, healing, and empowerment; panel impacts on offenders include connection with survivor speakers, reaching new understandings, and healing. Implications, limitations, and future aims of this program of research are discussed.

Secondary victims of traumatic violent crimes are subject to continuing the process of fighting for the loved ones they have lost. Once the offender is incarcerated, such victims may still have to face the process of parole if the offender has been granted a possibility of parole after years served. There is a gap in the literature and a need for research in the area of lived experiences for secondary victims as they progress through the parole process. For this study, a phenomenological study was utilized with 10 secondary victim participants. Participants were interviewed questions via telephone and the data were clustered and then thematically analyzed, revealing that participants had feelings of fear, depression, and being forgotten. The participants also stated a lack of aid and knowledge during the parole process and expressed their experiences of difficulty during the parole process. The study found a need for victim aid and resources. The study has positive social implication through research examining the need for victim aid and education for the criminal justice system.

Thesis (MPA) --University of Limpopo, 2011

L’indemnisation du patient victime de soins repose d’une part sur le choix de la procédure adéquate et d’autre part sur la recherche de l’origine du dommage. L’expertise apportera les éléments nécessaires à la compréhension de la survenance du dommage. La faute peut revêtir plusieurs contours, mais celle-ci n’est pas exclusive de la possibilité d’indemnisation. Le législateur apporte une facilitation de l’action en indemnisation, par la mise en place de nouvelles instances. Une alternative est ainsi proposée sans pour autant se substituer aux juridictions. Des critères de recevabilité pour l’entrée dans le nouveau dispositif sont prévus, ainsi qu’une possible prise en charge par la solidarité nationale en cas d’accident médical non fautif ou infections nosocomiales graves. Par ailleurs certains dommages comme ceux qui sont liés à des contaminations transfusionnelles, vaccinations obligatoires ou d’autres encore prévus par le législateur seront pris en charge sans conditions de gravité. Il s’agit d’un dispositif évolutif en écoute avec les attentes d’une société. Au terme de plus de dix ans d’application de la loi du 4 Mars 2002, il convient de dresser un bilan certes perfectible, mais largement positif. / Compensation for victims of patient care depends partly on the choice of the proper procedure and secondly on finding the cause of the damage. The expertise will provide the necessary components for the understanding of the occurrence of the damage. The fault may take differents shapes, but this does not exclude the possibility of compensation. The legislator helps the compensation of the damages by establishing new faculties. An alternative is offered without replacing the courts. The eligibility criteria for entry into the new device are provided, as well as possible support by national solidarity in the event of a grave non-fault accident or a nosocomial infection. In addition, some damage as those by transfusion-related infections, mandatory vaccinations or others defined by the legislator are supported regarless of the gravity. It is an evolutionary device which listens to the expections of the society. After more than ten years of enforcement of the law of 4 March 2002, its balance sheet is largely positive.

No description available.

Abstract not available