Title: Model constructions for bounded arithmetic Author: Michal Garlík Abstract: We study constructions of models of bounded arithmetic theories. Us- ing basic techniques of model theory we give a new proof of Ajtai's completeness theorem for nonstandard finite structures. Working in the framework of restricted reduced powers (a generalization of the ultrapower construction) we devise two methods of constructing models of bounded arithmetic. The first one gives a new proof of Buss's witnessing theorem. Using the second method we show that the theory R1 2 is stronger than its variant strictR1 2 under a plausible computational assumption (the existence of a strong enough one-way permutation), and that the theory PV1 + Σb 1(PV ) − LLIND is stronger than PV1 + strictΣb 1(PV ) − LLIND under the same assumption. Considering relativized theories, we show that R1 2(α) is stronger than strictR1 2(α) (unconditionally). 1

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The integration of nonstandard (temporary) workers into an organization is called a “blended workforce,” and such an arrangement is a breeding ground for potential conflict. Until very recently, much of the research on nonstandard workers has been limited to exploring those in low-wage positions requiring limited skills and the detriments of such working arrangements. However, with advances in technology that allow working from remote locations and the desire of firms to more quickly adapt to changes in the market, the role of high-skill, high-wage nonstandard workers is steadily growing. Pondy (1967) proposed that conflict episodes are composed of five possible stages: latent, perceived, felt, manifest and the aftermath. These conflict stages provided the framework for the consideration of conflict in blended organizations. Through an extensive literature review of nonstandard workers, this research determined six potential areas of latent conflict in blended organizations. Next, the research determined if those areas of latent conflict move into advanced stages of conflict within blended organizations that integrate high-end nonstandard workers. Finally, the research explored how those conflicts that emerge from the use of a blended workforce are managed.

This paper presents new concepts in the use of infinite and infinitesimal numbers in real analysis. theory is based upon the hyperreal number system developed by Abraham Robinson in the 1960's in his invention of "nonstandard analysis". paper begins with a short exposition of the construction of the hyperreal nU1l1ber system and the fundamental results of nonstandard analysis which are used throughout the paper. The new theory which is built upon this foundation organizes the set hyperreal numbers through structures which on an infinite base logarithm. Several new relations are introduced whose properties enable the simplification of calculations involving infinite and infinitesimal The paper explores two areas of application of these results to standard problems in elementary calculus. The first is to the evaluation of limits which assume indeterminate forms. The second is to the determination of convergence of infinite series. Both applications provide methods which greatly reduce the amount of con1putation necessary in many situations. / Master of Science

<p>This essay deals with the use of linguistic stereotypes in Hollywood movies. It investigates whether attitudes towards English dialects found in studies on perceptual dialectology are reflected in the selected movies and discusses the notion of linguistic identity and how standard and nonstandard speech, respectively, are used symbolically to emphasize features of characters in eleven movies from three different movie series, namely <em>The Lord of the Rings</em>, <em>Star Wars</em> and <em>Transformers</em>, with a main focus on syntactic and phonological dimensions. The essay finds a correlation between standard speech and features of competence and wisdom, and nonstandard speech and features of solidarity, sociability and traits of stupidity and humor. Moreover, very specific perceptions of certain varieties of English are probably utilized as amplifiers of equally specific characteristics of some characters. The use of dialects and accents in these movies is probably intentional and not coincidental.</p>

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Célio Adrega de Moura Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2017. / Atualmente esta sendo desenvolvendo um experimento de oscilacao de neutrinos de longa linha de base, o Deep Undergound Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). O DUNE tem como objetivos mensurar fase de violacao CP, descrita pelo parametro CP e determinar a hierarquia de massa e o octante do angulo de mistura 23. Alem disso, o DUNE tambem investigara os neutrinos de supernovas, o decaimento do proton (que pode ser um indicio da unificacao das forcas) e fisica alem do modelo padrao. Neste trabalho, explora-se o potencial e a sensitividade do DUNE para determinar os valores dos parametros que mensuram interacoes de neutrinos nao descritas pelo Modelo Padrao das Particulas Elementares (MP), chamadas de interacoes nao-padrao (NSI). Investiga-se tambem como a distribuicao de materia ao longo da linha de propagacao de neutrinos influencia na determinacao dos parametros de NSI. Para tanto, descreve-se como sao as interacoes de neutrinos com a materia terrestre por interacoes padrao e nao-padrao. Apresentam-se as caracteristicas do DUNE e os dois modelos de densidade de materia para a linha do feixe que foram testados: a gReferencia Preliminar do Modelo da Terrah (PREM) e o modelo descrito por Shen e Ritzwoller (SR). Simula-se o espectro de energia no detector utilizando-se o software General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator (GLoBES). Obtem-se a sensitividade dos parametros de interesse utilizando um metodo de 2 e compara-se a sensitividade para os diferentes modelos de densidade de materia utilizando-se as areas das curvas de sensitividade do espaco de parametros e tambem as amplitudes dos parametros. Os resultados corroboram com a proposta do DUNE em medir os valores de CP e 23 com uma precisao maior que os experimentos atuais, assim como determinar a hierarquia das massas. Como uma nova contribuicao para a colaboracao DUNE, mostrou-se que a mudanca na distribuicao da densidade de materia da linha do feixe causa um desvio de no maximo 1,4 relativo na determinacao do intervalo de valores de CP . Para a determinacao dos intervalos de valores dos parametros de NSI, ha um desvio minimo de 1,4 relativo para a determinacao de "ee e um desvio maximo de 4 relativo na determinacao de |"e¿Ê|. Mostra-se ainda que o DUNE podera restringir os valores dos parametros de NSI para valores menores que 1 para os parametros "ee e " e valores menores que 0,1 para os demais parametros de NSI. / Currently it is being developed an experiment of long baseline neutrino oscillation, the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). DUNE aims to measure the CP violation phase, described by the parameter CP , determine the mass hierarchy, and the octant of the mixing angle 23. In addition, DUNE will also investigate supernova neutrinos, proton decay (which may be a signal of the unification of forces), and physics beyond the standard model. In this work, we explore the sensitivity of DUNE to determine the values of the parameters that measure neutrino interactions not described by the Standard Model of Elementary Particles (MP), the so called nonstandard interactions (NSI). We also investigate how the distribution of matter along the baseline of neutrino propagation influences the determination of NSI parameters. Therefore, standard and nonstandard neutrino interactions with Earth¿s matter is described. We present the features of DUNE and test two models of matter density along the beam line. These models are the "Preliminary Reference Earth Model" (PREM) and the model described by Shen and Ritzwoller (SR). The energy spectrum is simulated in the detector using the General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator (GLoBES) software. The sensitivity of the parameters of interest are obtained using a method of 2 and the sensitivities for the different matter density models are compared using the allowed regions in the parameter space. The results corroborate with DUNE proposal to measure the values of CP and 23 with greater accuracy than current experiments and determine the mass hierarchy. As a new contribution to the DUNE collaboration, we show that the change in the density distribution of the beam line causes a deviation of at most 1.4 relative in determining the range of values of CP . For determination of the ranges of values of the NSI parameters, there is a minimum deviation of 1.4 relative for the determination of "ee and a maximum deviation of 4 relative in determining |"eì|. We also show that DUNE may restrict the values of the NSI parameters to values less than 1 for the parameters "ee and " , and values less than 0.1 for the other NSI parameters.

This thesis studies ultrafilters and their various applications in topology, social choice theory and construction of a nonstandard universe. First of all, we introduce basic properties of ultrafilters and show how to use them to construct nonstandard framework. Next, we prove Arrow's impossibility theorem which states that every electoral system with a finite set of voters satisfying certain natural conditions necessarily admits at least one dictator who determines the society's preferences. However, if the set of voters is infinite, this is not true anymore and ultrafilters play a key role in the proof. We present two counterexamples in the infinite case using nonstandard framework. A similar theorem holds in the case where the preferences are real functions. Again, we show two examples of electoral systems that are not dictatorial - one using Banach limits and the other using hyperfinite sums. Finally, we use the ultrafilters to construct the Čech-Stone compactification of natural numbers. We show that the nonstandard enlargement of natural numbers equipped with suitable topology is the Čech-Stone compactification of the set of natural numbers. 1

No description available.

Durant la dernière décennie, les développements technologiques en radiothérapie ont transformé considérablement les techniques de traitement. Les nouveaux faisceaux non standard améliorent la conformité de la dose aux volumes cibles, mais également complexifient les procédures dosimétriques. Puisque des études récentes ont démontré l’invalidité de ces protocoles actuels avec les faisceaux non standard, un nouveau protocole applicable à la dosimétrie de référence de ces faisceaux est en préparation par l’IAEA-AAPM. Le but premier de cette étude est de caractériser les facteurs responsables des corrections non unitaires en dosimétrie des faisceaux non standard, et ainsi fournir des solutions conceptuelles afin de minimiser l’ordre de grandeur des corrections proposées dans le nouveau formalisme de l’IAEA-AAPM. Le deuxième but de l’étude est de construire des méthodes servant à estimer les incertitudes d’une manière exacte en dosimétrie non standard, et d’évaluer les niveaux d’incertitudes réalistes pouvant être obtenus dans des situations cliniques. Les résultats de l’étude démontrent que de rapporter la dose au volume sensible de la chambre remplie d’eau réduit la correction d’environ la moitié sous de hauts gradients de dose. Une relation théorique entre le facteur de correction de champs non standard idéaux et le facteur de gradient du champ de référence est obtenue. En dosimétrie par film radiochromique, des niveaux d’incertitude de l’ordre de 0.3% sont obtenus par l’application d’une procédure stricte, ce qui démontre un intérêt potentiel pour les mesures de faisceaux non standard. Les résultats suggèrent également que les incertitudes expérimentales des faisceaux non standard doivent être considérées sérieusement, que ce soit durant les procédures quotidiennes de vérification ou durant les procédures de calibration. De plus, ces incertitudes pourraient être un facteur limitatif dans la nouvelle génération de protocoles. / During the past decade, technological developments in radiation therapy have considerably transformed treatment techniques. Novel nonstandard beams improve target dose conformity, but increase the complexity of dosimetry procedures. As recent studies demonstrated the invalidity of these protocols to nonstandard beams, a new protocol applicable to nonstandard beam reference dosimetry is in preparation by the IAEA-AAPM. The first goal of the study is to characterize the factors responsible for non-unity corrections in nonstandard beam dosimetry, and provide conceptual solutions to minimize the magnitude of the corrections. The second goal is to provide methods to estimate uncertainties accurately in nonstandard beam dosimetry, and estimate uncertainty levels achievable in typical clinical situations. Results of this study show that reporting dose to the sensitive volume of the chamber filled with water reduces the correction factor approximately by half under high gradients. A theoretical expression of correction factor is obtained for ideal nonstandard reference fields. In radiochromic film dosimetry, levels of uncertainty of the order of 0.3% are achieved with strict procedures and show great potential for nonstandard beam measurements. Results also suggest that experimental uncertainties in nonstandard beam are an important issue to consider both during daily QA routine and reference dosimetry, and could be a limiting factor in the new generation of protocols.

Ancien activiste d’extrême gauche, ouvrier, alpiniste, Erri De Luca (1950-) est un écrivain « non-croyant » hanté par le texte biblique. Refusant toute autorité (qu’elle soit étatique, divine ou littéraire), il s’inscrit « contre » tous, dans un « à-côté », dans un hors norme traductif et exégétique biblique qui est pourtant norme de l’herméneutique rabbinique. Notre travail s’attache à montrer comment De Luca propose à un lecteur protéiforme une mise en scène des modalités d’une lecture qui s’écrit. Dans une écriture du non-dit, l’auteur s’inspire de sa lecture, de sa traduction et de son commentaire du texte biblique pour mieux questionner les genres. Il crée ainsi, dans une œuvre babélienne où les origines sont horizon, dans une zone mouvante qui échappe à toute catégorisation, un « entre-deux ». Sa position scripturale est duale, entre culture innée (d’origine chrétienne) et culture inventée (d’origine juive). Sa re-traduction n’est pas écriture seconde ou sous-écriture ; elle naît comme écriture. Décontextualisant, littérarisant, resémantisant la méthode exégétique rabbinique du midrash, De Luca propose une forme de réception personnelle du texte fondateur : il lorgne dans les interstices du texte biblique afin de lui conférer une « autre possibilité ». / Erri De Luca (Naples, 1950-), former far-left activist, workman, climber, is a “non-believer” who is haunted by the Bible. Refusing any authority (let it be from a State, a God, or a literary rule), he places himself “against” everyone, on the “sideline”, outside the standards of translation, outside the standards of biblical exegetic compendiums. Yet, De Luca's method fits well in the standards of rabbinical hermeneutical methods. Our work's goal is to show how De Luca offers to a proteiform reader an arrangement of his writing. While De Luca's writing signifies by what is kept quiet, his readings, his translations, and its biblical compendiums serve his inspiration to better question the genre. He therefore creates, in a babelical masterpiece where origins are horizon, in a shifting area that refuses any classification, a place “in-between” every other places. His writing position is dual, in-between an inborn culture (of Christian origin) and a created culture (of Jewish origin). His re-translation is not yet “another writing” nor a “cheap writing”: his translation erects itself as writing. With his very personal style, outside of any context, but flourishing with literary references and by reusing the rabbinical hermeneutical method of the midrash, De Luca proposes a personal reading of the Bible. He squeezes within the Bible's interstices in order to give it an “other possibility”.

In this thesis we use nonstandard methods for the valuation of derivatives on electricity. We model the dynamics of electricity spot price as mean reverting processes on the hyperfinite binomial tree and by switching to the risk-neutral world we derive analytical formulas for the price of forward contracts. Both of our models are fitted to the German electricity market and forward price predictions are compared with forward products traded on the exchange. We conclude that both the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and the Schwartz one factor model fit long-term forward contracts well while our prediction results for short-term forward prod- ucts are not conclusive due to low liquidity and alternative approaches might be suitable. 1