Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:26:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandraMarques2009.pdf: 692808 bytes, checksum: 9a7b1bde8039039ba579f8e25c59ead5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-03 / In recent years the number of infections caused by microbacteria non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has increased mainly due to opportunistic infections in individuals imunocompormetidos and improvement of farming techniques and identification of MTN. Mycobacterium massilienese is an emerging body associated with wound infections, abscesses and pneumonia. An outbreak of infection after videoscopy occurred between 2005 and 2007 in seven hospitals in Goiânia-GO, in central Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify NTM isolated from patients with infection after arthroscopy and lararoscopia by PCR followed by analysis of fragment length polymorphism restrção (PRA-hsp65), compared by gel electrophoresis pulsed-field gel (PFGE), sequencing of the partial rpoB gene and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro. NTM were recovered from samples (exudate abscess subcutâneio) of 18 patients involved in the outbreak. In the period leading up to this study there was no reported case of infection after videoscopy caused by MTN in Goiania. The 18 isolates were identified as M, massiliene and genotyped as a single clone, indicating that they had a common origin, suggesting a common source of infection for the patients involved in the outbreak. The epidemic isolates were susceptible to amikacin (MIC90 4 micrograms / ml) and clarithromycin (MIC90 <1 ug / ml), but resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC90 <128g/ml), tobramycin (MIC90 32 micrograms / ml) and intermediate susceptibility to cefoxitin (MIC90 64 ug / ml). In conclusion this study demonstrated the clonality of strains of M. massiliense involved in infections after procedures videoscopes and that they are susceptible to drugs indicated for the treatment / Durante os últimosd anos o número de infecções causadas por microbactérias não-tuberculosas (MNT) tem aumentado principalmente devido às infecções oportunistas em indivíduos imunocompormetidos e ao aprimoramento das técnicas de cultura e identificação das MTN. Mycobacterium massilienese é um organismo emergente, associado a infecções de feridas, formação de abscessos e pneumonias. Um surto de infecção após videoscopias ocorreu entre 2005 e 2007 em sete hospitais privados de Goiânia-GO, na região central do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar MNT isoladas de amostras de pacientes com infecção após artroscopia e lararoscopia por PCR seguida de análise de polimorfismo de fragmentos de restrção (PRA-hsp65), comparação por eletroforese em gel em campo pulsado (PFGE), sequenciamento parcial do gene rpoB e determinação da suscetibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro. MNT foram recuperadas das amostras (exsudato de abscesso subcutâneio) de 18 pacientes envolvidos no surto. No período antecedente a esse estudo não houve nenhum relato de caso de infecção após videoscopias causada por MTN em Goiânia. Os 18 isolados foram identificados como M, massiliene e genotipados como um único clone, indicando que tiveram uma origem em comum, o que sugere uma fonte comum de infecção para os pacientes envolvidos no surto. Os isolados epidêmicos apresentaram sensibilidade a amicacina (CIM90 4 ug/ml) e claritromicina (CIM90 < 1 ug/ml), porém resistência a ciprofloxacina (CIM90 < 128g/ml), tobramicina (CIM90 32 ug/ml), e sensibilidade intermediária a cefoxitina (CIM90 64 ug/ml). Em conclusão este estudo evidenciou a clonalidade de cepas de M. massiliense envolvidas em infecções após procedimentos de videoscopia e que as mesmas são suscetíveis às drogas indicadas para o tratamento

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Com o objetivo de enfatizar a importÃncia do diagnÃstico laboratorial de micobactÃrias em sÃtios extrapulmonares, exceto renal, utilizou-se neste trabalho a reaÃÃo em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Na PCR foram empregados iniciadores especÃficos para a detecÃÃo de micobactÃrias do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) e nÃo pertencentes ao complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MNTB). Foram comparados os resultados obtidos na PCR com os mÃtodos microbiolÃgicos convencionais. Foram analisadas 114 amostras clÃnicas (lÃquidos corporais) provenientes de pacientes internados ou em atendimento ambulatorial, com suspeita clÃnica de tuberculose extrapulmonar, exceto renal. As amostras foram coletadas no perÃodo de 2001 a 2003 e cedidas pelo LaboratÃrio de Microbiologia do LaboratÃrio Central do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio (HUWC-UFC) e pelo LaboratÃrio Central de SaÃde PÃblica da Secretaria de SaÃde do Estado do Cearà (LACEN-CE). A baciloscopia e a cultura foram negativas em todas as amostras. A pesquisa molecular para o gÃnero Mycobacterium foi positiva em dez amostras e, para o complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, foi negativa em todas as amostras. / In order to focus on the importance of laboratorial diagnosis of extrapulmonary mycobacteria, except renal, we employed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical samples (body fluids) were tested by PCR for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (MNTB). We compared the results obtained through the PCR with the ones obtained through conventional microbiological methods. The 114 clinical samples were obtained from internal patients or from or in ambulatorial attendance with clinical suspicion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, except renal. The samples were collected from 2001 to 2003, and ceded to this research by the LaboratÃrio de Microbiologia do LaboratÃrio Central do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio (HUWC-UFC), and by the LaboratÃrio Central de SaÃde PÃblica da Secretaria de SaÃde do Estado do Cearà (LACEN-CE). The direct microscopy and culture were negative in all the samples. The molecular research, for the Mycobacterium genus was positive in 10 samples, and for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was negative in all the samples.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jessyca Rodrigues Braga - 2017.pdf: 4744453 bytes, checksum: 900a3d7f082db5d208a086c58466aa61 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-04 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Surgical Site Infection (SSI), besides being an indicator of the quality of care, is one of the main healthcare-associated infection (HAI). SSI caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has become increasingly frequent, increasing the prevalence of SSI in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of SSI by MNT in the city of Goiânia-Goiás. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study, carried out from the Municipal Coordination of Infection Control and Patient Safety in Health Services (Comciss), of the Municipality of Goiânia - Goiás (Brazil). The population consisted of clinical cases of SSI by probable MNT notified to Comciss, by public and private health institutions of the city of Goiânia-Goiás, in the period from 2006 to 2015. Data were collected during the months of October to December 2015 and March 2016. The source of the data consisted of the notification/investigation forms of SSI cases by MNT stored in Comciss. The data were organized, processed and analyzed in SPSS software version 20.0 and estimated by means of simple frequency and measures of central tendency (average, fashion and median). Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to assess the differences between proportions, and Odds Ratio to estimate the chance of positivity for each outcome. The level of significance was considered p <0.05. RESULTS: One hundred twenty two specimens were positive for MNT and 9 were negative. The average age of the patients was 38.15 years (SD: 13.8, min: 19 and max: 86 years). The female sex predominated in 77.1% of the cases. Comciss was the main responsible (67.1%) for the notifications. The private healthcare institutions accounted for 92.3% of the surgeries performed. Aesthetic surgeries were the most prevalent (51.9%), with mammoplasty being the most frequent. The conventional route stood out with 44.2%, compared to those made by video. The species M. abscessus and M. fortuitum prevailed. Orthopedic surgery (p = 0.002) and general surgery (p <0.001) presented a statistical association for M. abscessus infection. The use of prosthesis (p <0.001, OR 95%: 6.12) and plastic surgery (p <0.001; OR 95%: 5.90) showed statistical difference for M. fortuitum infection, but were not associated in regression. Signs / symptoms were present in 119 patients, including fever, secretion, abscess, nodules, hyperemia, among others. Clarithromycin was the most commonly used antimicrobial for the treatment of SSI by M. abscessus, and amikacin-associated clarithromycin was the most commonly used antimicrobial therapy for M. fortuitum. Resistance to 12 (80%) different antimicrobials was found for M. abscessus, and 15 (88.2%) for M. fortuitum. CONCLUSIONS: Females predominated, with mammoplasty being the main surgery. M. abscessus and M. fortuitum were the most prevalent species, being resistant to up to 15 (88,2%) antimicrobials. Being submitted to orthopedic and general surgery was a factor associated with ISC by M. abscessus. / A Infecção de Sítio Cirúrgico (ISC), além de ser um indicador da qualidade da assistência, é uma das principais infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS). As ISC causadas pelas Micobactérias Não Tuberculosas (MNT) têm se tornado cada vez mais frequentes, aumentando a prevalência de ISC na prática clínica. OBJETIVO: Analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos das ISC por MNT no município de Goiânia-Goiás. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo do tipo transversal, realizado a partir do banco de dados da Coordenação Municipal de Controle de Infecção e Segurança do Paciente em Serviços de Saúde (Comciss) do Município de Goiânia – Goiás (Brasil). A população constituiu-se de casos clínicos de ISC por provável MNT notificados à Comciss por instituições de saúde pública e privadas do município de Goiânia-Goiás, no período de 2006 à 2015. Os dados foram coletados durante os meses de outubro a dezembro de 2015 e março de 2016. A fonte dos dados constituiu-se das fichas de notificação/investigação dos casos de ISC por MNT armazenadas na Comciss. Os dados foram organizados, processados e analisados no software SPSS versão 20.0 e estimados por meio de frequência simples e medidas de tendência central (média, moda e mediana). Teste de Qui- quadrado ou exato de Fischer foram utilizados para avaliar as diferenças entre proporções, e Odds Ratio para estimar a chance de positividade para cada desfecho. O nível de significância foi considerado p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram positivas 122 espécimes para MNT e 9 negativos. A média de idade dos pacientes foi 38,15 anos (DP: 13,8; min:19 e máx: 86 anos). Predominou o sexo feminino em 77,1% dos casos. A Comciss foi a principal responsável (67,1%) pelas notificações. As instituições de saúde da rede privada foram responsáveis por 92,3% das cirurgias realizadas. As cirurgias estéticas foram as mais prevalentes (51,9%), sendo a mamoplastia a mais frequente. A via convencional se sobressaiu, com 44,2% em relação às realizadas por vídeo. Predominaram as espécies M. abscessus e M. fortuitum. Cirurgia ortopédica (p=0,002) e cirurgia geral (p<0,001) apresentaram associação estatística para infecção pelo M. abscessus. O uso de prótese (p<0,001; OR 95%: 6,12) e cirurgia plástica (p<0,001; OR 95%: 5,90) mostraram diferença estatística para infecção por M. fortuitum, porém não apresentaram associação nos modelos de regressão. Cento de dezenove pacientes apresentaram sinais/sintomas, verificou-se febre, secreção, abscesso, nódulos, hiperemia, dentre outros. Claritromicina foi o antimicrobiano mais utilizado para tratamento de ISC por M. abscessus, e claritromicina associada à amicacina foi terapêutica antimicrobiana mais utilizada para M. fortuitum. Encontrou-se resistência a 12 (70,0%) diferentes antimicrobianos para M. abscessus, e a 15 (88,2%) para M. fortuitum. CONCLUSÕES: Predominou o sexo feminino, sendo a mamoplastia a principal cirurgia envolvida. M. abscessus e M. fortuitum foram as espécies mais prevalentes, sendo as mesmas resistentes à até 15 (88,2%) antimicrobianos. Ser submetido à cirurgia ortopédica e geral foi fator associado à ISC por M. abscessus.

Les amibes libres sont des microorganismes unicellulaires eucaryotes dont l'écologie au sein des réseaux d'eau potable est mal connue. Les amibes libres représentent un enjeu de santé publique, du fait de leur capacité à favoriser la présence de bactéries potentiellement pathogènes, parmi lesquelles des mycobactéries.Une campagne de prélèvement menée sur le réseau d'eau potable de Paris a permis d'évaluer la diversité des amibes libres et de leur microbiome bactérien, par pyroséquençage ciblant les gènes ribosomaux (16S et 18S). Ces analyses ont suggéré la prédominance des genres Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba, Echinamoeba et Protacanthamoeba. Le microbiome des amibes a révélé une grande diversité bactérienne, dominée par Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas et Pseudoxanthomonas. L'intégration des paramètres physicochimiques a permis de suggérer l'importance de l'origine de l'eau, la température, le pH et la concentration en chlore dans la dynamique des populations amibiennes. Une endosymbiose originale entre V. vermiformis et des bactéries du phylum TM6 a également été mise en évidence.Les amibes ont été fréquemment co-isolées avec des mycobactéries dans le réseau, principalement les espèces M. llatzerense et M. chelonae. Des expériences d'infection chez A. castellanii ont permis d'observer la capacité de ces mycobactéries à survivre et croitre en présence d'amibes. Par génomique comparative et analyses transcriptomiques, plusieurs facteurs de virulence, conservés entre M. llatzerense, M. chelonae et M. tuberculosis, ont été identifiés et sont surexprimés au cours de l'infection. Ces données suggérent leur implication dans la résistance à la prédation amibienne.L'ensemble de ces travaux a permis d'améliorer la connaissance des populations amibiennes et de leur microbiome au sein du réseau d'eau potable, apportant des éléments supplémentaires concernant leur implication dans la survie et la persistance des mycobactéries. / Free-living amoebae are unicellular eukaryotes whose ecology in drinking water networks remains poorly understood. They may represent a public health concern, because of their ability to favour the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, among which are mycobacteria.A sampling scheme based on Paris drinking water network allowed identifying the diversity of both freeliving amoebae and their bacterial microbiome, using ribosomal RNA targeted pyrosequencing. These analyses indicated the major presence of Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba, Echinamoeba and Protacanthamoeba genera. The microbiome was highly diverse and dominated by Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas and Pseudoxanthomonas. The coupling of physicochemical parameters to this analysis allowed underlining the importance of water origin, temperature, pH and chlorine concentration in shaping amoebal populations. Also an original endosymbiosis between V. vermiformis and a bacterium of the TM6 phylum was described. Free-living amoebae were frequently co-isolated with mycobacteria in the water network, mainly M. llatzerense and M. chelonae species. Infection experiments on A. castellanii illustrated the capacity of these species to resist and grow in presence of amoebae. Through genomics and transcriptomics approaches, several virulence factors, conserved between M. llatzerense, M. chelonae and M. tuberculosis were identified, and found to be upregulated during infection experiments. These results suggest their involvement in mycobacterial resistance to amoebal predation.Altogether, this work helped to better understand the ecology of free-living amoebae and their microbiome in drinking water networks, as well as the role of free-living amoebae in the survival and persistence of mycobacteria in such environments.

Over the past several decades, the rate of pulmonary nontuberculous my- cobacterial (PNTM) disease has been increasing. PNTM patients gener- ally consist of lean and tall women presenting with symptoms in the sixth decade of life. They have a de nitive morphophenotype, but no consistent immunological abnormalities despite extensive investigation. I hypothesized that respiratory epithelial dysfunction might play a critical role in PNTM disease predisposition because diseases with defects of mucociliary transport have high rates of PNTM disease that increase with age, suggesting a direct connection between airway epithelial function and PNTM disease. I found that PNTM patients have a distinct respiratory epithelial phenotype ex vivo and decreased nasal nitric oxide levels in vivo. The PNTM ex vivo phenotype consists of an abnormally low resting ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and abnormal CBF response to toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. The depressed baseline CBF response in PNTM patient cells can be normalized ex vivo by augmenting the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway without appreciable e ect on CBF in healthy controls. In healthy controls, bacterial TLR agonists increase CBF and viral TLR agonists decrease CBF. In PNTM patients these responses are impaired and are not normalized with the normalization of the resting CBF rate. Inhibitor-induced disruption of signalling pathways associated with CBF regulation demonstrated that the majority of the CBF response to TLR agonists involves the PI-3K pathway and PKC. Inhibition of the PI-3K pathway (PI-3K , Akt1, and PDK1) closely mimicked the ex vivo phenotype seen in PNTM patient respiratory epithelia. These data identify a novel aspect of PNTM disease with in vivo and ex vivo correlates that suggest that PNTM infection is associated with abnormal function at both the CBF and TLR response levels. This phenotype is novel, reproducible, and provide a foundation with which to determine the genetic basis of PNTM infection.

No description available.

<p>Human disease and the corresponding immune response occur in three-dimensional space and time. Many diseases are difficult to study, either <em>in vivo</em> or <em>in vitro</em>, due to the complexity of the system. Despite computational models that can address complexity, many do not capture the spatial  aspects  of  disease.  Agent-based  models  are  mechanistic,  spatiotemporal  computational models that can be integrated with other mathematical models to create multiscale models. Here I detail two models to examine spatiotemporal progression and possible treatment strategies for two diseases  with  low  treatment  success: <em>Mycobacterium  avium complex</em>  (MAC)  and  Alzheimer’s Disease.</p> <p>MAC  are  biofilm-forming  environmental  microbes  capable  of  residing  in  human  lung nodules,  causing  MAC  pulmonary  disease  (MAC-PD).  Clinical  drug  susceptibility  tests  and treatment  outcomes  are  poorly  correlated,  and  nodules  are  complex  and  difficult  to  monitor, leading to low MAC cure rates (45-65%)². I have developed an informative model of the initial infection  events  in  MAC-PD. This  model  has  been  used  to  probe  many  different  scenarios  of infection and to predict the effect of potential interventions.</p> <p>Alzheimer’s  Disease  (AD)  is  the  leading  cause  of  dementia,  with  no  disease-altering pharmacological  intervention.  Microglia  are  phagocytotic  neuroimmune  cells,  known  to  form barriers around plaques. There has been increased interest in leveraging microglia to slow the progression of neurodegeneration by manipulating these barriers. I present an agent-based model of microglia barriers at the single plaque level and use knock-out experiments to probe possible targets for immunotherapy and quantify their effects on plaque progression.</p>

<p>UVOD: Tuberkuloza je odavno poznata bolest koja i danas u 21. veku jo&scaron; uvek predstavlja veliki javnozdravstveni problem, uprkos primeni moćnih antituberkuloznih lekova. Trećina svetske populacije inficirana je bacilom tuberkuloze. Svake godine oboli oko osam miliona, a umre oko dva miliona ljudi, zbog čega je tuberkuloza i dalje infektivno oboljenje sa najvećom stopom smrtnosti. Kasna dijagnoza, multirezistentna tuberkuloza i udruženost sa HIV infekcijom predstavljaju jednu od najvećih prepreka za efikasnu kontrolu ove bolesti u svetu. Rano otkrivanje se oslanja na kvalitetnu bakteriolo&scaron;ku dijagnostiku koja je kamen temeljac svakog nacionalnog programa za kontrolu tuberkuloze. Brza i tačna mikrobiolo&scaron;ka dijagnostika predstavlja osnovu programa kontrole tuberkuloze i zbog toga je uvođenje novih i brzih laboratorijskih testova od veoma velikog značaja. Razvijen je novi komercijalno dostupni imunohromatografski test koji se zasniva na detekciji antigena MPT64 glavnog sekretovanog proteina M. tuberculosis. Test je brz i pouzdan u identifikaciji izolovanih sojeva M. tuberculosis i jeftiniji je od konvencionalnih biohemijskih i molekularnih testova. CILJ: Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se evaluiraju karakteristike novog brzog imunohromatografskog testa u identifikaciji mikobakterija izolovanih iz respiratornih uzoraka bolesnika sa tuberkulozom pluća i referentnih sojeva klinički značajnih vrsta netuberkuloznih mikobakterija (NTM). MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu od 1.1.2010. do 31.12.2013. i obuhvatilo je 43563 respiratornih uzoraka dobijenih od bolesnika hospitalizovanih u Institutu za plućne bolesti Vojvodine. Iz obrađenih respiratornih uzoraka izolovano je 3469 izolata mikobakterija. Identifikacija do nivoa vrste urađena je primenom standardnih biohemijskih testova, molekularnog testa (GenoType&reg; Mycobacterium) i imunohromatografskog testa (BDMGIT Tbc). U istraživanje je uključeno 100 sojeva Gram pozitivnih i Gram negativnih bakterija (n = 19 vrsta) izolovanih iz respiratornih kliničkih uzoraka. Identifikacija do nivoa vrste je potvrđena komercijalnim identifikacionim sistemima. REZULTATI: U toku četvorogodi&scaron;njeg istraživanja izolovano je 3469 izolata mikobakterija iz respiratornih uzoraka. U ispitivanom periodu ne postoji opadajući trend izolacije mikobakterija &scaron;to potvrđuje i koeficijent korelacije (r = 0,31). Svi izolati mikobakterija su identifikovani konvencionalnim biohemijskim ispitivanjima koja pokazuju da je 89% od svih izolata identifikovano kao Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), a 11% izolata kao NTM. Mycobacterium xenopi je bila najzastupljenija NTM vrsta identifikovana kod 55,3% izolata. Nakon biohemijske identifikacije kod 300 izolata M. tuberculosis i 100 izolata NTM, identifikacija je potvrđena komercijalno dostupnim molekularnim i imunohromatografskim testom. Na osnovu rezultata testiranja mikobakterija imunohromatografskim testom, senzitivnost, specifičnost, pozitivne i negativne prediktivne vrednosti bile su: 99,7%, 100%, 100% i 99%. U poređenju imunohromatografskog testa sa konvencionalnim biohemijskim ispitivanjima nije nađena statistički značajna razlika (p&gt; 0,5). Kappa vrednost testa je iznosila 0,993, a interval poverenja CI =0,98 &ndash; 1,00. U poređenju imunohromatografskog sa molekularnim testom vrednost kappa je iznosila 0,993, a interval poverenja CI = 0,98 &ndash; 1,00. Slaganje rezultata je potvrđeno i McNemar testom sa vredno&scaron;ću 0,99. Utvrđena je stabilnost sekretovanog antigena MPT64 i posle 5 godina od prvog testiranja. ZAKLJUČAK: Visoka senzitivnost i specifičnost imunohromatografskog testa omogućuju tačnu i preciznu identifikaciju M. tuberculosis kao i pouzdanu diferencijaciju M.tuberculosis od NTM &ndash; a. Imunohromatografski test može da predstavlja zamenu za konvencionalne biohemijske i molekularne testove u identifikaciji M. tuberculosis. Jeftiniji je, jednostavniji za izvođenje i brže se dobijaju rezultati čime seskraćuje vreme za postavljanje dijagnoze.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) has been known as a disease for a long time, but nevertheless it represents a major public health issue even nowadays in the 21st century, despite potent antituberculous drugs applied. One third of the world population is infected by the TB bacillus. About eight million people get infected and two million die of tuberculosis in a year, so tuberculosis is still an infectious disease with the greatest mortality rate. Late diagnosis, multiresistant tuberculosis and concomitant HIV infection interfere mostly with an efficient control of the disease all over the world. Early TB detection largely depends on the high-quality bacteriological diagnostics, which is the corner stone of each national TB control programme. A fast and accurate microbiological TB diagnosis plays a crucial role in any TB control programme. It is therefore very important to introduce new and fast laboratory tests. A novel commercially available immunochromatographic test has been designed, based on the MPT64 antigen of the major M. tuberculosis &ndash; secreted protein. This is a rapid and reliable test to identify the isolated strains of M. tuberculosis, which is not expensive as conventional biochemical and molecular tests. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the new immunochromatographic rapid test to identify mycobacteria isolated from respiratory samples from pulmonary TB patients, and referential strains of clinically relevant species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was carried out in the period from 1st January, 2010 to 31st December, 2013. It included 43 563 respiratory samples obtained from the patients hospitalized in the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica (Serbia). There were 3 469 mycobacterial isolates obtained from the processed respiratory samples. The species &ndash; level identification was performed by standard biochemical tests, the molecular test (GenoType&reg;Mycobacterium), and the immunochromatographic test (BD MGIT Tbc). The study included one hundred (100) of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria (n = 19 species) isolated from respiratory clinical samples. The species &ndash; level identification was confirmed by commercial identification systems. RESULTS: During the four &ndash; year investigation, 3 469 mycobacterial isolates were obtained from respiratory samples. No declining tendency of mycobacterial isolation was registered in the examined period, as confirmed by the correlation coefficient (r = 0.31). All mycobacterial isolates were identified by conventional biochemical tests showing that 89% of all isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis, and 11% of the isolates as NTM. Mycobacterium xenopi was the most common NTM species identified in 55.3% of the isolates. Following the biochemical identification in 300 M. tuberculosis isolates and 100 NTM isolates, the identification was confirmed by commercially available molecular and immunochromatographic tests. Based on immunochromatographic testing of mycobacteria, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the test were 99.7%, 100%, 100% and 99% respectively. There is no statistically significant difference (p&gt; 0.5) when comparing features of immunochromatographic test with conventional biochemical assay. The kappa test value was 0.993, and the confidence interval CI = 0.98 &ndash; 1.00. Comparing the immunochromatographic with the molecular test, the kappa value was 0.993, and the confidence interval CI = 0.98 &ndash; 1.00. The congruence of the tests findings was also confirmed by the McNemar test, estimated to 0.99. The stability of the secreted MPT64 antigen was registered even five years after the first testing episode. CONCLUSION: The high sensitivity and specificity of the imunochromatographic test enable an accurate and precise identification of M. tuberculosis, as well as a reliable differentiation of M. tuberculosis from NTM. The immunochromatographic test may substitute conventional biochemical and molecular tests to identify M. tuberculosis. It is easier to perform and provides faster test results, thus reducing the time of establishing the diagnosis.</p>

Micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT) são microrganismos ubíquos e reconhecidos como contaminantes de sistemas de água em estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde, bem como, dispositivos cirúrgicos e medicamentos injetáveis. Sua ocorrência representa uma emergência epidemiológica e sanitária, especialmente em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos. Frente ao exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a produção do conhecimento científico acerca da ocorrência de infecções por MNT em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos. A prática baseada em evidências representou o referencial teórico-metodológico e, como recurso para obtenção destas evidências utilizou-se a revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline/Pubmed, ISI Web of Science e Biblioteca Cochrane. Totalizaram-se 24 publicações nos últimos trinta anos, com 15 (62,5%) no idioma inglês, os demais no português. No que se refere ao delineamento dos estudos, observou-se que os mais frequentes foram: 29,2% relatos de caso, 20,8% estudos transversais e 12,5% estudos metodológicos e quaseexperimentais. A análise dos estudos culminou em três categorias temáticas sendo 08 (33,3%) relacionadas aos tipos de cirurgias, 07 (29,2%) sobre identificação das espécies por métodos microbiológicos e/ou moleculares e 09 (37,5%) medidas de prevenção e controle. Ainda como subcategorias têm-se: a vigilância pós-alta, terapêutica com antibióticos e uso de glutaraldeído. Entre os microrganismos destacam-se com 37,5% Mycobacterium chelonae, 33,3%, M. abscessus e 25% M. fortuitum. Cirurgias oftalmológicas, estéticas, cardíacas e procedimentos laparoscópicos e artroscópicos foram as mais investigadas. Diante do contexto terapêutico, a indicação é realizada empiricamente ao longo prazo, podendo incluir desbridamento cirúrgico de tecidos infectados. Na panorâmica da identificação das espécies, a eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE) é considerada padrão-ouro devido seu alto poder discriminatório de algumas cepas bacterianas, porém com limitações. Com base nas publicações analisadas, conclui-se que não se tem um panorama nacional talvez pela inoperância do sistema de vigilância pós-alta, inexistência de critérios clínicos e bacteriológicos uniformizados em todo o território e, também pela falta de integração entre a clínica e o laboratório. Adiciona-se que aplicação de metodologias moleculares possibilitaria definir a diversidade das espécies de micobactérias que não puderam ser identificadas pelos métodos clássicos. Uma publicação sobre a situação nacional das MNTs em cirurgias é fundamental para a uma conduta correta no diagnóstico e tratamento de micobacterioses. / Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous microorganisms recognized as contaminants of water systems in health care services, as well as surgical devices and injectable medications. Its occurrence represents an epidemiological and sanitary emergency, especially in patients subject to surgical procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the production of scientific knowledge on the occurrence of infections caused by NTM in patients subject to surgical procedures. Evidence-based practice was the theoreticalmethodological framework used, and integrative literature review was used to obtain evidences in the following databases: Lilacs, Medline/Pubmed, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library. In total, 24 publications were found in the last thirty years, being 15 (62.5%) in english and the others in portuguese. Regarding the design of the studies, most (29,2%) were case reports, (20,8%) cross-sectional studies and (12,5%) methodological and quasi-experimental studies. The analysis of the studies resulted in three thematic categories: 08 (33.3%) types of surgery, 07 (29.2%) identification of the species by microbiological and/or molecular methods and 09 (37.5%) prevention and control measures. The following subcategories were identified in prevention and control: vigilance after discharge, therapy with antibiotics and use of glutaral. The most researched surgeries were ophthalmologic, aesthetic, cardiac and laparoscopy and arthroscopy. The presence of the following microorganisms is highlighted: Mycobacterium chelonae (37.5%), M. abscessus (29.2%) and M. fortuitum (25%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is considered gold-standard in the identification of certain bacterial strains. The use of molecular techniques permits to define the diversity of the species of mycobacteria that cannot be identified by the classical methods. Regarding the therapy, in general the indication is empirically determined in long-term, and can include surgical debridement of infected tissues. Based on the analyzed publications, it is concluded that there is not a national panorama, either due to the failure of the surveillance system after discharge, the lack of clinical and bacteriological criteria uniform for the entire country or the lack of integration between clinics and laboratories.

Micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT) são microrganismos ubíquos e reconhecidos como contaminantes de sistemas de água em estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde, bem como, dispositivos cirúrgicos e medicamentos injetáveis. Sua ocorrência representa uma emergência epidemiológica e sanitária, especialmente em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos. Frente ao exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a produção do conhecimento científico acerca da ocorrência de infecções por MNT em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos. A prática baseada em evidências representou o referencial teórico-metodológico e, como recurso para obtenção destas evidências utilizou-se a revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline/Pubmed, ISI Web of Science e Biblioteca Cochrane. Totalizaram-se 24 publicações nos últimos trinta anos, com 15 (62,5%) no idioma inglês, os demais no português. No que se refere ao delineamento dos estudos, observou-se que os mais frequentes foram: 29,2% relatos de caso, 20,8% estudos transversais e 12,5% estudos metodológicos e quaseexperimentais. A análise dos estudos culminou em três categorias temáticas sendo 08 (33,3%) relacionadas aos tipos de cirurgias, 07 (29,2%) sobre identificação das espécies por métodos microbiológicos e/ou moleculares e 09 (37,5%) medidas de prevenção e controle. Ainda como subcategorias têm-se: a vigilância pós-alta, terapêutica com antibióticos e uso de glutaraldeído. Entre os microrganismos destacam-se com 37,5% Mycobacterium chelonae, 33,3%, M. abscessus e 25% M. fortuitum. Cirurgias oftalmológicas, estéticas, cardíacas e procedimentos laparoscópicos e artroscópicos foram as mais investigadas. Diante do contexto terapêutico, a indicação é realizada empiricamente ao longo prazo, podendo incluir desbridamento cirúrgico de tecidos infectados. Na panorâmica da identificação das espécies, a eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE) é considerada padrão-ouro devido seu alto poder discriminatório de algumas cepas bacterianas, porém com limitações. Com base nas publicações analisadas, conclui-se que não se tem um panorama nacional talvez pela inoperância do sistema de vigilância pós-alta, inexistência de critérios clínicos e bacteriológicos uniformizados em todo o território e, também pela falta de integração entre a clínica e o laboratório. Adiciona-se que aplicação de metodologias moleculares possibilitaria definir a diversidade das espécies de micobactérias que não puderam ser identificadas pelos métodos clássicos. Uma publicação sobre a situação nacional das MNTs em cirurgias é fundamental para a uma conduta correta no diagnóstico e tratamento de micobacterioses. / Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous microorganisms recognized as contaminants of water systems in health care services, as well as surgical devices and injectable medications. Its occurrence represents an epidemiological and sanitary emergency, especially in patients subject to surgical procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the production of scientific knowledge on the occurrence of infections caused by NTM in patients subject to surgical procedures. Evidence-based practice was the theoreticalmethodological framework used, and integrative literature review was used to obtain evidences in the following databases: Lilacs, Medline/Pubmed, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library. In total, 24 publications were found in the last thirty years, being 15 (62.5%) in english and the others in portuguese. Regarding the design of the studies, most (29,2%) were case reports, (20,8%) cross-sectional studies and (12,5%) methodological and quasi-experimental studies. The analysis of the studies resulted in three thematic categories: 08 (33.3%) types of surgery, 07 (29.2%) identification of the species by microbiological and/or molecular methods and 09 (37.5%) prevention and control measures. The following subcategories were identified in prevention and control: vigilance after discharge, therapy with antibiotics and use of glutaral. The most researched surgeries were ophthalmologic, aesthetic, cardiac and laparoscopy and arthroscopy. The presence of the following microorganisms is highlighted: Mycobacterium chelonae (37.5%), M. abscessus (29.2%) and M. fortuitum (25%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is considered gold-standard in the identification of certain bacterial strains. The use of molecular techniques permits to define the diversity of the species of mycobacteria that cannot be identified by the classical methods. Regarding the therapy, in general the indication is empirically determined in long-term, and can include surgical debridement of infected tissues. Based on the analyzed publications, it is concluded that there is not a national panorama, either due to the failure of the surveillance system after discharge, the lack of clinical and bacteriological criteria uniform for the entire country or the lack of integration between clinics and laboratories.