Staples theory has been used as a framework to explain the historical establishment and political economy of Canada and other “new” countries, based on the concept that Canada has been and continues to be built on an economy of resource extraction. The theory has been applied on both a macro and a micro scale to regions of Canada that have specialized in the extraction of cod, wheat, fur, and oil and gas. Two foundational academics of staples theory, Harold A. Innis and Mel Watkins, spent time in the northern region of Canada now known as the Northwest Territories (NWT) and, among other researchers, applied a staples approach to various periods of the region’s economic development. The application of staples theory in northern Canada, however, is problematic, particularly in view of the territory’s predominantly Indigenous, Inuit, and Métis population. A staples framework tends to ignore, or underplay, a fundamental reality in the NWT: the original political economy of the region was based on Indigenous values of communal trading and sharing in a subsistence economy. Most importantly, the Indigenous economy was controlled and distributed by the Indigenous people as they lived on, and carefully managed, the land and resources of the North. A theoretical approach that centers on the extraction and commodification of resources in the North by white traders and settlers who take over the land, obscures the critical questions of who owns and cares for the land and how it is ‘developed’. / Graduate

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. Please note: Editorial Studies works are permanently embargoed in OpenBU. No public access is forecasted for this item. To request private access, please click on the locked Download file link, and fill out the appropriate web form. / A Fine and Growing Art is an annotated edition of letters and other documents chronicling the intertwining relationships and careers of Norman Mailer, James Jones, and William Styron, three prominent figures in American literature of the past century. I have endeavored to collect every surviving letter exchanged between the principals; I also include letters of other interlocutors, and published writings in which the principals discuss one another (or are discussed by others), insofar as these collateral documents touch informatively upon the principals' relationships with one another. A Fine and Growing Art is an elaborated three-way conversation, bringing forward expressions of opinion and feeling both public (in the sense of published, and often prominently so) and candid (in the reserved company of friends, or even in the near-secrecy of an unsent draft). Often funny, occasionally outrageous, consistently engaging, A Fine and Growing Art begins to unravel the mysteries long surrounding these three literary titans-about their friendships particularly, their feuds also, their evolving art, and how it all came to pass. / 2031-01-01

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This study analyzes Norman Vincent Peale's bestsellers, A Guide to Confident Living and The Power of Positive Thinking, through the lenses of metaphoric criticism and invitational rhetoric. Invitational rhetoric includes characteristics such as openness, equality, mutual respect and reciprocal understanding. Metaphoric analysis includes the dominant categories of metaphors, their roles and transition across topics. The dominant tenors of mind and thought were identified, which shows consistency with Peale's main themes such as positive thinking, peace and faith. The meaning of the archetypal metaphors of light, water and sun are also discussed, along with the role of other metaphors in supporting invitational rhetoric. / Master of Arts

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luciana Andrade Cavalcante de Castro.pdf: 1200128 bytes, checksum: f51bc087331ab4cdbfb28e8b5fea8603 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-18 / The present research intends to explain the constitution of the Structuralist aspects of the discursive approach of Norman Fairclough, one of the most representative authors of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). As a methodological and theoretical approach, whose purpose consists in the study of the language in contemporary societies, Critical Discourse Analysis is derived from Critical Linguistics of 1970, consolidating itself in the decade of 1990s. As it borrowed the Social Theory of Discourse (TSD), developed by Norman Fairclough, CDA has defined itself theoretically and methodologically, and this explains the relevance of the British linguist to CDA. To elaborate the TSD, Fairclough resorted to important authors of the sciences of language like Halliday, Bakhtin and Foucault, and of social sciences like Bourdieu, Giddens, Thompson, Gramsci and others. We approached the four first ones in this work, and the choice of these authors is due to our interest in the Structuralist aspects of the research of Fairclough. When we refer to structuralist bias , we raise up a great number of problematics about Structuralism, which have existed since the moment the Structuralism came to be seen with certain aversion for many language theorists. One of the reasons is the fact that structuralist approaches give priority to the social structures, not admitting the capacity of action and change of the social subject, this criticism is present in Norman Fairclough s books. Another problematic is a kind of self saturation that the proper structuralism allows to be shown. But to explain this, it is necessary to use the division that Umberto Echo (2001) makes between ontological Structuralism and methodological Structuralism. The first one consists, basically, in the incessant search of deeper structures that lead the phenomena, and the second one consists in the application of homogeneous structural models in the analysis of different phenomena. Eco criticizes the first one, showing the impossibility of reassuring, in fact, the real existence of structures, but he presents the second one as a productive methodology for many kinds of researches. In Fairclough s approach, we find the two modalities of structuralism displayed by Eco. During the research we demonstrate how important Bakhtin, Foucault, Bourdieu and Halliday, had been for the constitution of the structuralist bias of Norman Fairclough, allowing the British author to operate with systems of differences in the treatment of discursive phenomena, without neglecting the dialogic bias in the study of the interaction contexts. At last, the bakhtinian dialogism, foucaultian archaeology, the constructivist structuralist sociology of Bourdieu and the functionalist linguistic of Halliday had more been excellent supports for the constitution of the structuralist bias of Norman Fairclough s discursive approach. / A presente pesquisa de tem por objetivo expor como se apresenta o viés estruturalista da abordagem discursiva de Norman Fairclough, um dos maiores expoentes da Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC). Tida como uma abordagem teórico metodológica, cuja finalidade consiste no estudo da linguagem nas sociedades contemporâneas, a Análise de Discurso Crítica é uma vertente dos estudos do discurso derivada da Linguística Crítica de 1970, consolidando-se a partir da década de 90. Ao se apropriar da Teoria Social do Discurso (TSD) desenvolvida por Norman Fairclough, a ADC se define tanto teórico quanto metodologicamente, o que explica a relevância do linguista britânico para essa corrente de análise discursiva. Para elaborar a TSD, Fairclough recorreu a importantes autores das ciências sociais e da linguagem como Halliday, Bakhtin, Foucault, Bourdieu, Giddens, Thompson, Gramsci, entre outros. Os quatro primeiros foram abordados neste trabalho, e a escolha destes se deu justamente pelo interesse no viés estruturalista da obra de Fairclough. Quando nos referimos a viés estruturalista , terminamos por trazer à tona toda uma problemática que existe desde o momento em que o Estruturalismo passou a ser visto com certa aversão por muitos teóricos da linguagem. E uma das justificativas diz respeito ao fato de abordagens estruturalistas darem primazia às estruturas sociais, não admitindo a capacidade de ação e mudança dos sujeitos sociais, essa é uma crítica presente na obra de Norman Fairclough. Outra problemática estruturalista relevante é uma espécie de auto saturação que o próprio estruturalismo deixou surgir. Mas para explicar tal saturação, convém recorrermos a divisão que Umberto Eco (2001) faz entre estruturalismo ontológico e estruturalismo metodológico. O primeiro consiste, basicamente, na procura incessante de estruturas cada vez mais profundas que regem os fenômenos, e o segundo consiste na aplicação de modelos estruturais homogêneos na análise de diferentes fenômenos. Eco critica o primeiro alegando a impossibilidade de se assegurar, de fato, a existência real de estruturas, mas apresenta o segundo como metodologia produtiva para diversas pesquisas. Em Fairclough encontramos os dois estruturalismo expostos por Eco. Durante a pesquisa, procuramos demonstrar como Bakhtin, Foucault, Bourdieu e Halliday foram fundamentais para a constituição do viés estruturalista de Norman Fairclough, permitindo que o autor britânico operasse com sistemas de diferenças no tratamento de fenômenos discursivos, sem que ele abandonasse os aspectos dialógicos no estudo dos contextos de interação. Enfim, o dialogismo bakhtiniana, a arqueologia foucaultiana, mais a sociologia estruturalista construtivista de Bourdieu e a Linguística Sistêmico Funcional foram suportes relevantes para a constituição do viés estruturalista da abordagem discursiva de Norman Fairclough.

The purpose of this study is to document the indigenous Romance language of the Sark island located in the English Channel, known as Sark Norman. As implied by the thesis title, the original aim of the field research was to codify the orthographic form of the Sark Norman language, using previous scientific observations and the assistance of the final remaining native speakers in order to commence a gradual revitalisation of Sark Norman. In the course of the research, however, we were confronted with facts that resulted in renouncing our original aim. It emerged that the existing scientific knowledge of the Sark Norman phonology system was unsatisfactory. By contrast, some authentic historical documents, until then unknown within the scientific field, were explored and validated. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study became to introduce principal findings of the field research carried out on the Sark island in 2016 with the aim of deepening the scientific knowledge of a very unique Romance language, including disproving the biggest myths related to Sark Norman within the scientific environment.

Die Arbeit „Zur Dualität zwischen doppelter Periodizität und binärer Intervall-Struktur in der Theorie der Tonregionen” gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die Arbeiten Norman Careys und David Clampitts zu dem von ihnen selbst eingeführten Terminus der Tonregionen. Im Anschluss werden Zusammenhänge zur mathematischen Disziplin der Algebraischen Kombinatorik aufgezeigt und somit in einen erweiterten Kontext gestellt.