Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tulio Augusto Paz e Albuquerque.pdf: 1589075 bytes, checksum: ae9ded191644fee212c62e7995024ed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation aims at presenting views of Brazilian Northeast and development thrown an analysis of movies about Northeast and the dialogue with historical context in which they are inserted. The analyzed movies were: Barren Lifes (1963), God and the Devil in the Land of the Sun (1964), A Dog‟s will (2000) and Too Much Brazil (2000). Initially, we considered Northeast as an unit. Nevertheless, the Northeast has an unique plurality, as seen in works of Freyre (1946) and Canclini (2008). The movies analyzed from a film analysis methodology expressed by Morettin (2007) portrait: this multiplicity; the theoretical discussions in their Brazilian historical context from the beginning of twentieth century; the effervescent discussions about nationalism; and regionalism that Oliven (2000), Freyre (1976) and Albuquerque Jr. (2006 and 2007) present and that will influent the written compositions in which the movies were inspired by. The movies analysis was made from the following categories: people-government relation, cangaço, coronelismo, landscape and religiosity. After the analysis we found multiple views of Brazilian Northeast which survive and reinvent themselves in time. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar, através de análise fílmica de alguns filmes sobre o Nordeste e do diálogo com o contexto histórico em que esses se inserem, as visões de Nordeste e de desenvolvimento. Os filmes analisados foram: Vidas Secas (1963), Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964), O Auto da Compadecida (2000) e 2000 Nordestes (2000). Inicialmente, consideramos o Nordeste enquanto unidade, porèm o Nordeste è de um pluralismo önico, visto nas obras de Freyre (1946), Canclini (2008). Os filmes analisados, a partir da metodologia de análise fílmica expressa por Morettin (2007), retratam essa multiplicidade, as discussões teóricas no seu contexto histórico brasileiro do início do século XX, as discussões efervescentes sobre o nacionalismo e o regionalismo que Oliven (2000), Freyre (1976) e Albuquerque Jr. (2006 e 2007) nos apresentam, as quais vão influenciar as composições escritas em que os filmes foram inspirados. A análise dos filmes se deu a partir das seguintes categorias: relações povo-estado, o cangaço, o coronelismo, a paisagem e a religiosidade. Após a análise constatamos, múltiplas visões de Nordeste, visões que sobrevivem ao tempo, e que se reinventam com o passar deste.

Poliquetas são anelídeos em sua maioria marinhos, apresentando grande diversidade de formas e hábitos de vida. Há tanto animais sedentários quanto errantes, incluindo alguns táxons planctônicos, mas a maioria vive em ambientes bentônicos. A família Syllidae Grube, 1850 é uma das mais complexas, diversificadas, abundantes e amplamente distribuídas famílias de poliqueta. É composta por poliquetas errantes, atualmente distribuídos em mais de 70 gêneros e aproximadamente 700 espécies, distribuídas em 5 subfamílias (Anoplosyllinae, Autolytinae, Eusyllinae, Exogoninae e Syllinae). Os silídeos são facilmente reconhecidos por possuírem uma estrutura muscular geralmente robusta, posteriormente à faringe, denominada proventrículo. A família atualmente é considerada monofilética e a presença desse órgão tem sido considerada como uma sinapomorfia do grupo. Além do proventrículo, os silídeos caracterizam-se por apresentarem corpos relativamente pequenos, com segmentação homônoma e parapódios unirremes, excepcionalmente adquirindo condição birreme nas formas epítocas. Reproduzem-se principalmente por epitoquia, embora incubação externa de ovos, viviparidade, paternogênese e arquitomia também já tenham sido registradas no grupo. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento taxonômico das espécies da família Syllidae presentes em substratos consolidados do litoral raso dos estados da Paraíba e de Pernambuco, fornecendo descrições e ilustrações detalhadas dos táxons encontrados. Amostragens foram realizadas no entremarés e infralitoral raso ao longo desses dois estados, totalizando 21 localidades amostradas. Foram analisados morfologicamente 4.233 indivíduos, distribuídos em 20 gêneros e 57 espécies. Dessas, 19 espécies são novas para a ciência, duas são novas ocorrências de gêneros para o Atlântico Sul (Basidiosyllis e Amblyosyllis), e 14 e 18 são novas ocorrências de espécies para o Brasil e para o nordeste brasileiro, respectivamente. Dentre os táxons identificados, estão representadas as cinco subfamílias de Syllidae, assim como os gêneros independentes Amblyosyllis e Basidiosyllis / Polychaetes are usually marine annelids extremely variable in form and lifestyle. Among them, there are examples of sedentary and errant animals, most living in benthic environments, but also including some planktonic taxa. The Syllidae Grube, 1850 is one of the most complex, diverse, abundant and widespread families of polychaetes. It is represented by errant animals, currently comprising more than 70 genera and about 700 species, divided in 5 subfamilies (Anoplosyllinae, Autolytinae, Eusyllinae, Exogoninae e Syllinae). Syllids are recognized by the presence of the proventricle, a muscular structure, generally strong, posteriorly to the pharynx. The family is considered monophyletic, the proventricle considered as a synapomorphy of the group. Besides the proventricle, syllids are also characterized by having relatively small-sized bodies, with homonomous segmentation and uniramous parapodia, exceptionally acquiring a biramous condition in epitokous forms. The reproduction is usually by epitoky, but external brooding of eggs, viviparity, parthenogenesis and architomy are all also found among syllids. The aim of this study was to make a taxonomic inventory of the syllid species occurring on hard bottoms of shallow waters off the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, providing descriptions and detailed illustrations of the taxa found. Samples were taken from the intertidal and shallow sublitoral zones of both states, totalizing 21 localities sampled. In total, 4,233 individuals were morphologically analysed, belonging to 20 genera and 57 species; 19 of these species are new to science, two are new records for the genera to Brazil (Amblyosyllis and Basidiosyllis), and 14 and 18 are new records for the species to Brazil and to the northestern Brazilian coast, respectively. Among the taxa, all five subfamilies of Syllidae are represented, besides two independent genera, Amblyosyllis and Basidiosyllis

Introduction: Oil/gas communities across Northeastern British Columbia are experiencing rapid in-migration of young, primarily male workers in response to an economic ‘boom’ in the oil/gas sectors. Accompanying the ‘boom’ has been a rise in rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young people, with Chlamydia rates among youth in the Northeast exceeding the provincial average by 22%. Previous research indicates that socio-cultural and structural determinants of youth sexual behaviour and access to STI testing are important for understanding youth sexual health disparities – and represent key targets for STI prevention efforts. No other research has explored STIs in this rapidly developing, under-resourced context. Therefore, objectives of this thesis were to: (1) Examine how socio-cultural and structural features related to the oil/gas ‘boom’ affect the sexual behaviour of young people in Fort St. John (FSJ), BC; (2) Gather the perspectives of youth and their service providers on the socio-cultural and structural barriers to STI testing in FSJ; (3) Develop recommendations to improve the accessibility of STI testing. Results: Participants identified 4 main ways in which the socio-cultural and structural conditions created by the ‘boom’ affect sexual behaviours, fuelling the spread of STIs in FSJ: mobility of oil/gas workers; binge partying; high levels of disposable income; and gendered power dynamics. As well, 5 key barriers to STI testing among youth were identified: limited opportunities for access; geographic inaccessibility; local social norms; limited information; and negative interactions with providers. Discussion: These data indicate that the conditions fostered by the ‘boom’ in FSJ exacerbate sexual health inequalities among young people. They can be more widely contextualized as an example of the unintended – but not unexpected – health and social implications of a resource-extraction ‘boom’, illustrating the fallacy of ‘development’ as representing uniformly positive ‘progress’. Recommended actions include STI prevention and testing service delivery models that incorporate a locally tailored public awareness campaign, outreach to oil/gas workers, condom distribution, expanded clinic hours and drop-in appointments, specialized training for health care providers, and intersectoral partnerships between public health, non-profit organizations, and industry. An ongoing knowledge translation internship has been undertaken to implement some of these recommendations. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22113号 / 理博第4540号 / 新制||理||1652(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)教授 福田 洋一, 教授 岩田 知孝, 准教授 深畑 幸俊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis research analyzes how Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) can be used to understand extant Northeastern Plains Village (NEPV) settlement strategies in aggregate for the purposes of subjoining a subsequent verification metric to the current archaeological classification system used to describe NEPV associated sites. To accomplish this task, I extracted Traditional Ecological Knowledge from ethnographic sources for comparison to geospatial, geostatistical, and statistical analyses. My results show that the hierarchical clustering exhibited among NEPV sites is congruent with first person narratives of habitation and resource collection activities occurring in the pre-Reservation period (before AD 1880) within the research area. This study emphasizes the importance of the incorporation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge into material typological classification schemes for archaeological sites which are convoluted by a high rates of cultural transmission.

Lake Pa Kho is a fresh water lake in Northeastern Thailand, where the East Asian summer monsoon prevails. The monsoon climate and associated variability has tremendous impacts on the life and environmental aspects of the region. In this study, climate and palaeo-environmental history of Lake Pa Kho has been extracted from geochemical proxy indices during the Holocene time. Geochemical variables like total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), atomic Carbon-Nitrogen ratio (C/N) of organic matter, stable isotope fractionations (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) and radiocarbon 14C dating of the lake sedimentary core samples were analyzed during the past >7000 cal yr BP in terms of palaeo-climate interpretation. The Loss-on-ignition (LOI%) curve, TOC% value, higher C/N ratio indicate that organic materials in lake sediments has been mostly derived from terrestrial sources. δ13C value supports the terrestrial source of organic matter. TN% and δ15N value indicate low organic productivity in the lake. δ34S value indicate possible anoxic condition in the bottom of the lake due to lowering water level. Lower Aquatic productivity and deposition of organic material from terrestrial sources show that the lake was shallow and dry climate condition prevailed at ~7000 to 2000 cal yr BP due to weak monsoon precipitation. Moreover, monsoon played a significant role in controlling the lake level and overall Aquatic productivity. Progressive lowering of water level due to a lack in precipitation might have transformed the lake into a wetland and subsequently into a peatland at around 1500 cal yr BP. A possible explanation for the gradual shift up to 200 cal yr BP might be invasion of terrestrial vegetation from the surrounding catchment sources due to weak monsoon intensity.

Many small business owners lack strategies needed to prevent permanent business closure in the wake of extreme natural disaster situations. After a natural disaster, small businesses suffer financial losses in millions of dollars related to damage and destruction that disrupt their lives, families, and communities. This multiple case study explored strategies that 5 small business owners in northeastern Florida used to avoid permanent business closure in the aftermath of a natural disaster. The theory of planned behavior and vested interest theory were the conceptual frameworks used in this multiple case study. In-depth interviews with purposively selected small business owners were supplemented with a review of documentation from archival records. Yin's 5-step analysis guided the coding process of participants' responses, and member checking was used to validate the transcribed data. The major themes of the study revealed the owners' strategies relating to flood barriers, maintaining adequate insurance coverage, damage and destruction aftermath, and experience with natural disasters. This study's implications for social change include contributing to social stability and continuing economic growth by benefitting small business owners without a natural disaster plan or a plan that needs updating, new small business owners, and community organizations. This study may benefit small businesses by providing lessons learned on how to survive natural disasters.

Small-ruminant production is an important part of the agricultural economy of northeastern Brazil. However, mild-to-severe undernutrition of livestock is an annual occurrence. Goats can tolerate the marginal forage conditions better than sheep, but the mechanisms underlying their superior tolerance are not understood. An analysis of animal liveweights at the end of the year-long study indicated that reproducing mixed-race goats gained nearly twice (P<.05) the weight of reproducing hair-sheep of the Santa Ynez breed, and non-reproducing goats gained about 1.2 times more (P<.05) weight than non-reproducing sheep. Daily weight gains of lambs were less (P<.10) than those of Kids for their first 80 days of life. In the wet season, reproducing sheep and goats gained similar (P>.05) weight, while non-reproducing sheep gained more (P~.05) than non-reproducing goats. Non-reproducing goats had greater (P<.05) forage organic matter intake (OMI) than the corresponding sheep in the two wet periods. In the late-wet period, non-reproducing goats had greater (P<.05) digestible energy intake (DEI) than corresponding sheep did but had similar (P>.05) digestible protein intake (DPI) as sheep. In the dry season, reproducing sheep and goats lost similarbn(P> . 05) weight but only the five better performing sheep were weighed at the end of the dry season. The five poorer performers were removed from the study and given supplemental feed to keep them alive. The non-reproducing sheep lost weight during the dry season, while the non-reproducing goats gained weight . Non-reproducing sheep and goats had similar (P>.05) OMI and DEI during the dry periods. In the late-dry period when forage quality was lowest, the animals experienced their greatest weight loss, and both species had greatly reduced DPI; the goats had 83 percent greater (P<.05) DPI than the sheep. Digestion trials were conducted with actual diet samples selected by free-ranging animals. Goats had greater (P<.05) crude protein apparent digestibility than sheep in the late-dry period trial. This difference may be a key aspect explaining their responses to the dry season.

Fractures and faults in the Jakey's Fork area, northeastern Wind River Range, Wyoming, caused by brittle Laramide deformation in the Precambrian granitic basement have been studied in detail at airphoto, outcrop, and thin-section scales. The study area is bounded on the south by the approximately east-west and vertical Jakey's Fork Fault and on the east by the approximately northwest-southeast and vertical Ross Lakes Fault. Both were active during Laramide deformation. Four distinct structural domains, defined by fracture pat terns and proximity to the two major faults nave emerged in this study. The areas are: 1) Along Ross Lakes Fault granite cores a fold defined by shallowly and steeply east dipping Cambrian Flathead Sandstone. Laramide movement on Ross Lakes Fault appears to have post-dated, Jakey ' s Fork Fault movement and was discordant with Precambrian zones. Fractures at all scales studied strike approximately northeast-southwest, consistent with the inferred maximum Laramide principal stress. 2) Along east-west striking Jakey's Fork Fault, Laramide movement appears to have reactivated Precambrian mylonite zones as evidenced by the chlorite-rich, foliated cataclasite along its trace. Fractures at all scales have an approximate east-west orientation. 3) Near the intersection of the two faults, deformation was intense, as shown by mylonitic, breccia, and veined clasts. Discrete airphoto fractures were not recognized due to intense deformation in this interaction zone. 4) In the central area, away from the two faults, airphoto and outcrop fracture orientations have a north to northeast strike. Fracture orientations at the thin-section scale are more variable and do not agree with macroscopic orientations; they strike west to northwest. The central area is a 'block', possibly divided into 'sub-blocks' , bounded by zones along which much of the deformation occurred. Thus, these zones had an insulating effect at thin-section scale. The Paleozoic rocks were at least partially decoupled from the basement during deformation, suggested by gouge along the contact and different fracture orientations on opposite sides of the contact. At least two fluid systems are represented in the study area. Relatively wide-spread, pre-Laramide chlorite development occurred at temperatures and pressures higher than those present during Laramide deformation. A Laramide (or post-Laramie ) pervasive fluid system (especially near Ross Lakes Fault) is reflected by abundant fracture porosity, advanced feldspar alteration, and kaolinite development.

I investigated percent coverage, plant height, species richness, and woody stem density in plant communities in ten study plots during spring and fall (2010-2012) within 3 different treatments (continual mowings, one fall mowing, and one fall mowing with native wildflower seeds) on highway 25 right-of-way in Oktibbeha and Winston counties, Mississippi. I recorded 277 plant species including native and non-native forbs, legumes, grasses, rushes/sedges, and woody plants. Non-native agronomic grasses exhibited greatest coverage greater than 90 percent occurring in all treatments. Percent coverage of plants less than 0.46m height category exceeded 100 while, greater than 0.46m plant height categories averaged 55 percent. Woody stem density ranged from 7,772 year 1 to 10,025 stems/hectare year 2. I detected no significant differences in plant height or woody stems among treatments. One mowing per year retained agronomic plant cover for erosion control and annual cost savings up to 75 percent for roadside maintenance.