Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar a implementação do feriado municipal de 20 de novembro, denominado Dia Nacional da Consciência Negra em homenagem ao Herói Nacional Zumbi dos Palmares. A simbologia histórica do Quilombo dos Palmares traz a problemática da subalternidade imposta às populações negras em África e na diáspora atlântica. O trabalho discute através das contribuições das Ciências Humanas, a integração social da população negra brasileira. Os movimentos sociais negros são discutidos à luz das teorias dos chamados novos movimentos sociais. Uma pesquisa documental analisa as legislações que implementaram o feriado 20 de Novembro no ABC Paulista. Posteriormente, uma pesquisa empírica com ativistas anti-racistas da região retrata o contexto político e a movimentação dos atores sociais favoráveis e contrários ao feriado. / This thesis aims to analyze the implementation of the municipal holiday of November 20, called the National Black Consciousness Day in honor of the National Hero Zumbi dos Palmares. The historical symbolism of the Quilombo dos Palmares brings the issue of subordination imposed on black populations in Africa and the Atlantic Diaspora. The paper discusses through contributions of the humanities, the social integration of black people. The black social movements are discussed in light of theories of so-called \"new\" social movements. Documentary research examines the laws that implemented the holiday November 20 on ABC Paulista. Subsequently, an empirical survey of anti-racist activists in the region reflects the political context and the movement of favorable and contrary to the holiday social actors.

This thesis entitled‚ Kopřivnice in the process of political changes in 1989/1990' consists of a description and analysis of events connected to the disintegration of the post-totalitarian authoritarian regime in Czechoslovakia and deals with the transition to democracy of the medium-sized North Moravian town, Kopřivnice. My aim is to record not only the course of political changes, but also social and economic development after 17 November 1989. In terms of time, the thesis covers the period from 1986 to the municipal election in November 1990. The first chapter describes the oral history method, its position in the modern science and in the practical part of this thesis. The second chapter deals with the characteristics of the post-totalitarian authoritarian regime in Czechoslovakia before 1989 and the pre-existing conditions for the subsequent changes which took place in Czechoslovakia and Czech society. The third chapter analyses the field of the Velvet Revolution in revolution theory terms. It examines, if it is possible to consider the change as a revolution, and it studies the events in November 1989 from the point of view of the theory of transition. The third chapter explains the basic milestones in the history of the town which influenced its development, its population structure and its...

The Cape Town Convention and the Aircraft Protocol came into force on 1st March 2006. To date, the Convention has seventy-four States Parties, the Aircraft Protocol sixty-eight States Parties, and together they can be regarded as one of the most successful recent commercial law treaties. The Convention's overriding object is to offer creditors the highest possible protection in the form of an effective, speedy and strong legal remedial framework for the international enforcement of creditors rights in the event of the debtor's default or insolvency. The underlying rationale is that this will lead to significant reductions in borrowings costs for lenders to the advantage of all interested stakeholders in the aircraft sector. However, without effective implementation of the remedial system of the Convention and the Aircraft Protocol, it is difficult for financiers to have confidence that they are able to defend their legal rights effectively. This thesis investigates the structure and contents of the Convention's remedial system in a chronological order, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive and systematic monograph on the Convention's remedies as already done by the Convention's Official Commentary. It consists of four parts each of which investigates a particular core aspect of the implementation and operation of the Convention's remedial system in practice. In particular, it investigates the Convention's declaration system, and its procedural, substantive and insolvency remedies to ensure an effective and comprehensive protection of creditors in aircraft finance. In doing so, it identifies critical lessons for the implementation of the treaty in civil and common law jurisdictions.

The international dilemma of child soldiers is a humanitarian concern throughout the world. The Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (CSUCS) began in 1998 and is currently the leading collaborative movement to address the issue. However, because of its emphasis on a universal 'Straight 18' approach and support of the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of a Child (CRC), the CSUCS ignores contextual realities that affect the implementation ofthe international legislation and the development of norms concerning child soldiers. This research project will examine the current international nongovernmental organization (INGO) response to child soldiers- focusing on the CSCUS - and formulate suggestions for potential avenues to further INGO involvement with policies and projects. The argument is based on a neoliberal institutionalist platform that argues in favour ofiNGOs' ability to successfully influence actions taken by state actors to address human right issues. Highlighting the successful INGO influence on states during the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, I will present this example as a potential model for the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, and explore the feasibility of this model whilst making suggestions for more effective involvement of INGOs with regard to the issue of child soldiers.

La loi organique n° 2001-692 du 1er août 2001 relative aux lois de finances (LOLF) a profondément transformé l’architecture budgétaire et comptable de l’Etat. A travers ce dispositif juridique, la France a amorcé un processus de modernisation de ses finances publiques consacrant une nouvelle conception de la gestion budgétaire et comptable de l’État inspirée des techniques de gestion de l’entreprise privée. Le décret 2012-1246 du 7 novembre 2012 relatif à la gestion budgétaire et comptable publique est venu confirmer une reforme comptable qui s’inscrit dans la démarche d’ensemble des finances publiques de l’État français. Cette reforme budgétaire et comptable conçue comme un préalable à la reforme de l’État vise essentiellement l’amélioration de l’efficacité de la dépense publique. Désormais, à la logique de moyens se substitue une gestion axée sur les résultats et la performance à même de mesurer l’efficacité de toute dépense publique en fonction d’objectifs fixés à priori / The Constitutional bylaw n° 2001-692 of 1st August, 2001 on budgets acts (LOLF) has deeply transformed the State’s budgetary and accounting structure. Through this legal device, France has begun a process of modernization of its public finances dedicating a new conception of the State’s budgetary and accounting management inspired by techniques of the private enterprise. Decree n ° 2012-1246 of 7th November, 2012 on the public budget and accounting management confirmed the accounting reform which is part of the global approach of public finances of French State. From now on, the new conception of budgetary management leans on a budgeting centered on the performance, dedicating a transition from logic of means to logic of results in the public spending. In parallel to that, Parliament sees itself confided an important place and role. Its power in the budgetary subject was strengthened.This budgetary and accounting reform conceived as prerequisite to the State’s reform, to essentially aim the improvement effectiveness of the public spending. From now on, logic of means is substituted by a management centered on the results and performance, able to measure the effectiveness of any public spending, according to objectives fixed in priori

The orientation of Czechoslovakian foreign policy on Africa, Asia and Latin America took various forms after the World War II. Apart from economic and military cooperation, rising numbers of university scholarships offered to students from developing countries coming to Czechoslovakia are worth our attention. This resulted, together with increasing accent on support of emerging new states, in establishing of The University of 17th November in 1961 - a new university for foreign students. Due to the University, the Czechoslovakian society was for the first time confronted with growing numbers of ethnically and culturally different people. Along with the history of educational institution, this study focuses on the mutual coexistence of foreign students and broader society and on the general reception of the school. Founding of the University was also a Czechoslovak response to a trend developing at the time in some states of the Western European as well as in the Soviet Union where The Patrice Lumumba Friendship University was opened in 1960 in Moscow. The trend was based on a rather optimistic assumption that present-day students later become a part of newly arising elites and occupy important and powerful positions in the decolonized world. The Soviet Union and its satellites (not only...

This thesis entitled‚ Kopřivnice in the process of political changes in 1989/1990' consists of a description and analysis of events connected to the disintegration of the post-totalitarian authoritarian regime in Czechoslovakia and deals with the transition to democracy of the medium-sized North Moravian town, Kopřivnice. My aim is to record not only the course of political changes, but also social and economic development after 17 November 1989. In terms of time, the thesis covers the period from 1986 to the municipal election in November 1990. The first chapter deals with the characteristics of the post-totalitarian authoritarian regime in Czechoslovakia before 1989 and the pre-existing conditions for the subsequent changes which took place in Czechoslovakia and Czech society. The second chapter explains the basic milestones in the history of the town which influenced its development, its population structure and its importance in the regional framework. The third chapter ‚Reflection of Kopřivnice before 17 November 1989' describes the functioning of the town's municipal commitees and their significance in state administration. The current situation in the town just before 17 November 1989 is analysed from the position of the town leadership carried out by the local municipal commitee. The fourth...

This diploma thesis is attempting to analyze the events of November and December 1989 in Czechoslovakia through the eyes of English-speaking witnesses, both at the time and in retrospect, using English language sources. The goal of the thesis is to distill from the analysis notions of freedom and whether there are perceptions of change since 1989. Included in the definition of "freedom" is the means by which it was achieved.

This thesis focuses on the topic of photography in the work of Television studio Ostrava, a part of Czechoslovak television, during a period of the communist regime, called normalisation, and the reflection of this period after the year 1989. It may be presumed that communist propaganda and other efforts of normalisation will be apparent in the documentaries and other products concentrating on photography. The region of Ostrava also has its own cultural specificity due to its mainly industrial nature; the region is characterised by coal mining and metallurgy. Thus it may be presumed that communism will be planted in the minds of the people more firmly. The thesis also contains a theoretical framework, describing socialist realism in photography and normalisation in photography as well as in the television studio in question. In order to verify these hypotheses and to discover other important facts of the topic in question, a content analysis of data available in the archive of Television studio Ostrava was carried out. The archive suffered grave losses during major flooding of Moravia and Silesia in 1997, some films and actual photographs were however still available for analysis. The findings relevant to each document are stated in their respective parts and are summarised as a whole in the...

The diploma thesis concerns itself with a struggle of the administration of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia to deal with the consequences of the German action of 17th November, when as a revenge for previous demonstrations Czech universities in the Protectorate were closed and more than a thousand of their students were arrested and sent to concentration camps in Germany. The thesis is divided into 4 main chapters. The first one concerns itself concisely with reasons, course and immediate consequences of the German "Special action of 17th November 1939". The content of the second chapter is formed by an exposition of a struggle to achieve liberation of the jailed students and their comeback home that was realised by the interventions of the state president Hácha and the Protectorate government at the representatives of the occupation regime; and then an inquest of their tactics and its successfulness at these interventions. A topic of the next chapter is a description and an analysis of the problems accompanying the closure of Czech universities, with which the Protectorate government was also forced to deal. Among them there were for example a placement of the students, who were not jailed but prevented from continuing in their studies and whom the Protectorate government strove to protect...