Abstrakt Bakgrund: Palliativ vård baseras på ett förhållningssätt utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv av människan. Målet med palliativ vård är att minska lidande och att öka livskvaliteten i livets slutskede. Det handlar inte bara om att lindra det fysiska lidandet, utan även om att ge stöd till patienten och dennes anhöriga. Att ge palliativa omvårdnad innebär att stödja och underlätta för den döende och dennes anhöriga utan att påskynda eller fördröja döden. Den palliativa vården hjälper också patienten att leva med värdighet och välbefinnande under den sista tiden som är kvar. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att ge omvårdnad till patienter i livets slutskede. Metod: En integrativ litteraturöversikt användes. Databaser som användes var Cinahl och PubMed, där tio vetenskapliga artiklar utvaldes. Artiklarna var kvalitativa och kvantitativa som analyserades enligt metoden av Friberg (2022). Resultat: I resultatet framkom olika upplevelser som sjuksköterskor lyfte fram i omvårdnaden av patienter i livets slutskede och anhörigas betydelse. Resultatet presenteras i fyra kategorier. (1) Kommunikation och samarbete, (2) Andliga och existentiella behov, (3) Kunskaper och färdigheter och (4) Anhörigas betydelse i omvårdnad. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna kunde tillfredsställa en god och säker vård för patienter i livets slutskede genom att tillgodose deras önskemål, bevara deras värdighet samt genom att stödja deras andliga och existentiella behov. Grundutbildade sjuksköterskor upplevde brist på kompetens, så som utbildning och kliniska erfarenheter inom palliativ vård, vilket påverkar deras upplevelser negativt av att ge omvårdnad till patienter i livets slutskede.

Magister Curationis - MCur / Self-directed learning (SDL) has become a focus in the past years due to the increase in the complexity and changes in the nursing profession development. Employing SDL methodologies has been advantageous to the learner nurses, since these methodologies are associated with moderate improvement in the knowledge and effective improvement in the affective and psychomotor domains. Despite the efforts to expose students to SDL, the challenge remains the lack of students‘ commitment to SDL during clinical activities in the skills laboratory. This lack of commitment may result from students‘ perceptions of SDL. Therefore, this study seeks to explore and describe the perceptions of first year learner nurses about self-directed learning activities in a skills laboratory at a school of nursing in the Western Cape. An exploratory descriptive quantitative design was used to answer the research question. All the first year learner nurses (N=336) pursuing a 4-year Bachelor Nursing Degree served as the target population and a sample of 168 respondents was selected by simple random sampling. A self-administered 5-point Likert scale questionnaire with an additional four open-ended questions was used to collect data for the study. Data was analysed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 software. Descriptive statistics were used to present frequencies, mean values, standard deviations, and the results were illustrated by means of tables. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated the correlations between the 4 The findings revealed that most of the respondents positively perceived self-directed learning in the skills laboratory. However, it was also found that learners had challenges in relation to time management during the implementation of self-directed learning.

Introduktion: Antalet svårt sjuka som vårdas under kommunal hälso- sjukvård ökar, vilket ställer krav på ett fungerande vårdteam kring patienten. Distriktssköterskan har fördjupade kunskaper i att samverka med det multiprofessionella teamet och ses som en betydelsefull komponent. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelser av sin roll i vårdteamet inom kommunal hälso- och sjukvård. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie som grundades på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes fram i de elektroniska databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet utmynnade i fyra kategorier; Funktionen av att ge och ta emot stöd, Funktionen av att förmedla och utbyta kunskap, Funktionen av att leda och koordinera omvårdnadsarbetet samt Omständigheter som försvårar rollen.  Konklusion: Sjuksköterskans roll i vårdteamet upplevs flerdimensionell. Sjuksköterskan stödjer patient, anhöriga och teammedlemmar, samt tar emot stöd från vårdteamet. Rollen består likaledes av att utbyta kunskap, undervisa i egenvård samt leda och koordinera omvårdnadsarbetet. Det finns även omständigheter som kan leda till att rollen blir svår att utföra, vilket är brist på kommunikation, brist på arbetsledning samt ökad arbetsbelastning. / Introduction: The number of seriously ill people who are cared for during municipal health care is increasing, which places demands on a functioning care team around the patient. The district nurse has an in-depth knowledge of collaborating with the multi-professional team and is seen as an important component. Aim: The aim was to describe the district nurse’s experience of her role in the multidisciplinary care team within home nursing. Method: A systematic literature review based upon twelve scientific articles that were identified through electronic searches within databases of PubMed and Cinahl. The articles were analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman’s (2004) method of qualitative content analysis. Result: The study resulted in four categories; The function of giving and receiving support, The function of conveying and exchanging knowledge, The function of leading and coordinating the nursing work and Circumstances that complicate the role. Conclusion: The nurse's role in the care team is perceived as multidimensional. The nurse supports patients, relatives and team members, and receives support from the care team. The role also consists of exchanging knowledge, teaching self-care and leading and coordinating nursing work. There are also circumstances that can lead to the role becoming difficult to perform, which is a lack of communication, lack of work management and increased workload.

Family Presence During Resuscitation (FPDR) remains controversial and is not consistently implemented during resuscitation events or invasive procedures. Evidence has demonstrated positive outcomes produced by implementation of FPDR; such as, decreased rates of post-traumatic stress symptoms, decreased symptoms of anxiety, and depressive symptoms were not significantly different. Unfortunately, use of FPDR in the acute care setting is not widely accepted or readily implemented. The primary purpose of this integrative literature review is to evaluate the use of FPDR in the acute care setting. The secondary purpose is to evaluate the health care professional's level of perceived value associated with the outcome of having family present during resuscitation. A systematic literature search was conducted using multiple databases for relevant articles in the English language between 2006 to 2017, including Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), Elton B. Stephens Co. Host (Ebsco Host), Medical Literature On-line (Medline), Psychological Information Database (PsychINFO), and PubMed. Search terms included 'family presence during resuscitation', 'family presence', 'pediatrics', 'nurse perceptions', and 'perceptions'. Ten of the nineteen articles suggest the use of FPDR leads to positive outcomes such as decreased post-traumatic symptoms, and decreased anxiety for family members. The use of FPDR can enhance family members' understanding of resuscitation efforts and involves them in their loved one's care. This integrative review indicates the implementation of FPDR can provide benefits for family members of those undergoing CPR and invasive procedures; although the perceptions of the healthcare team remain the barrier to its use.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Caring relationships established between nurse managers and staff nurses promote positive work environments. However, research about staff nurses' perceptions of nurse manager caring behaviors is limited. A 94-item Caring Assessment Tool-Administration (CAT-adm©) was developed to measure staff nurses' perceptions of nurse managers' caring behaviors; however, it lacked robust psychometric testing. This study was undertaken to establish the CAT-adm© survey as a reliable and valid tool to measure staff nurses' perceptions of nurse managers' caring behaviors. The Quality-Caring Model® (QCM®) served as the theoretical framework. Specific aims were to 1) evaluate construct validity of the CAT-adm© survey by describing factors that account for variance in staff nurses' perceptions of nurse manager caring, 2) estimate internal consistency, and 3) conduct item reduction analysis. Four research questions were: 1) Will the factor structure of observed data fit an 8-factor solution? 2) What is the internal consistency reliability of the CAT- adm©? 3) What items can be reduced while maintaining an acceptable factor structure? and 4) What are staff nurses' perceptions of nurse manager caring behaviors? A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. A sample of 703 staff nurses from Midwestern, Midatlantic and Southern Regions of the U.S. completed the CAT-adm© survey electronically. Analysis included Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), univariate analysis, and descriptive statistics. CFA did not support an 8-factor solution. EFA supported a two-factor solution and demonstrated significant shared variance between the two factors. This shared variance supported a one-factor solution that could conceptually be labeled Caring Behaviors. Random selection reduced the scale to 25-items while maintaining a Cronbach's Alpha of .98. Using the new 25-item scale, the composite score mean of staff nurses' perceptions of nurse manager caring behaviors indicated a moderately high level of caring. Suggestions for nursing administration, nurse manager practice, leadership, education and for future research were given. The new 25-item CAT-adm© survey has acceptable reliability and validity. The 25-item CAT-adm© survey provides hospital administrators, nurse managers, and researchers with an instrument to collect valuable information about the caring behaviors used by nurse managers in relationship with staff nurses.