Förmaksflimmer är den vanligast förekommande hjärtrytmsrubbningen och är associerat med en ökad risk för morbiditet och mortalitet, samt en negativ påverkan på livskvaliteten. Förmaksflimmer är en kronisk sjukdom och står för en stor del av sjukdomsbördan både för patienterna och för hälso- och sjukvården. Inom vården för patienter med förmaksflimmer fungerar verksamheter för omhändertagandet olika. För att hjälpa dessa patienter behövs specifik och avancerad patientutbildning och råd av multidisciplinära team med kunskap som är evidensbaserad. Där är sjuksköterskan en del av det multidisciplinära teamet. I riktlinjer från ESC (European Society of Cardiology) gällande förmaksflimmer, har patienten den centrala rollen och ska tillsammans med vårdpersonal ta beslut om sin vård. Ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt kan hjälpa till att stärka patientens tilltro till sin egna förmåga, förbättra livskvalitet och symtomlindring, samt leda till kortare vårdtider. Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskeledda mottagningar och dess effekt för patienter med förmaksflimmer. Litteraturöversikt med strukturerad sökning användes som design. Detta självständiga arbete inkluderade 16 vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Pubmed och CINAHL Complete. De inkluderade artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades med integrerad analys för att syntetisera resultaten i relation till varandra. Vid analysen framkom kategorier och underkategorier som beskrev artiklarnas resultat. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskeledd mottagning hade ett antal olika effekter för patienter med förmaksflimmer. Effekterna för sjuksköterskeledd mottagning var likvärdig eller bättre för patienter med förmaksflimmer jämfört med sedvanlig vård. Resultatet visade att de positiva effekterna för patienter med förmaksflimmer som fick vård på sjuksköterskeledd mottagning resulterade i färre sjukhusinläggningar, lägre mortalitet, bättre behandling med antikoagulantia, bättre följsamhet till fler rekommendationer, reducerat antal symtom och ökad kunskap om förmaksflimmer hos patienter. Slutsatsen var att sjuksköterskeledd mottagning är likvärdig eller bättre för patienter med förmaksflimmer vid jämförelse med sedvanlig vård. personcentrerat förhållningssätt kan hjälpa till att stärka patientens tilltro till sin egna förmåga, förbättra livskvalitet och symtomlindring, samt leda till kortare vårdtider / Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality and negative impact on quality of life. Atrial fibrillation is a chronic disease and accounts for a large proportion of the disease burden both for patients and for health care. In the care of patients with atrial fibrillation, care activities work differently. To help these patients, specific and advanced patient education and advice from multidisciplinary teams with evidence-based knowledge is needed. There, the nurse is part of the multidisciplinary team. In guidelines from the ESC (European Society of Cardiology) regarding atrial fibrillation, the patient has the central role and must, together with care staff, make decisions about their care. A person-centered approach can help strengthen the patient's confidence in their own abilities, improve the quality of life and symptom relief, as well as shorten their care times. The aim was to illuminate nurse-led clinics and their effect for patients with atrial fibrillation. A literature review with structured search was used as a method. This master thesis included 16 scientific articles from the databases Pubmed and CINAHL Complete. The included result articles were quality reviewed and analyzed with integrated analysis to synthesize the results in relation to each other. The categories were then identified to describe the results of the articles. The results showed that nurse-led clinics had a number of different effects for patients with atrial fibrillation. The effects for nurse-led clinics were equivalent or slightly better for patients with atrial fibrillation compared with usual care. The results showed that the positive effects for patients with atrial fibrillation who received care at the nurse-led clinic to be: fewer hospital admissions, lower mortality, better treatment with anticoagulants, better adherence to more recommendations, reduced number of symptoms and increased knowledge of atrial fibrillation among patients. The conclusion is that nurse-led clinics are equivalent or better for patients with atrial fibrillation when compared with usual care.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor driver självständigt egna mottagningar inom primärvården. Det bidrar till ökad livskvalité och hälsa för patienter. När en sjuksköterskeledd mottagning ställs in kan såväl patientens situation som sjuksköterskans arbetssituation påverkas. Det var därför angeläget att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor erfar och hanterar när sjuksköterskeledd mottagning ställs in.    Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor erfar och hanterar kritiska incidenter vid inställd sjuksköterskeledd mottagning inom primärvården.    Metod: En kvalitativ studie med Critical Incident Technique (CIT) genomfördes med induktiv ansats där 28 sjuksköterskor som är yrkesverksamma inom primärvården i Region Skåne besvarade utformat frågeformulär.    Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna erfor att inställda sjuksköterskeledda mottagningar skapade merarbete. De beskrev stress, irritation, ilska men även till viss del förståelse. Inställd sjuksköterskeledd mottagning drabbade inte bara patienterna utan även deras anhöriga samt sjuksköterskestudenter. Sjuksköterskorna hanterade inställd sjuksköterskeledd mottagning genom att de prioriterade sitt arbete och att de använde sin yrkeserfarenhet för att lösa situationen. De anpassade sig till underbemanningen och lyfte detta i arbetsgruppen för att förbättra arbetsmiljön.   Slutsats: Region Skåne hade arbetsvilliga och kompetenta sjuksköterskor. När sjuksköterskeledd mottagning ställdes in fick patienterna minskad kontinuitet och ibland fördröjd diagnossättning. Detta berodde till stor del på underbemanning inom primärvården och arbetsgivaren kunde inte ge den arbetsmiljö som sjuksköterskorna behövde. / Background: Nurses independently run their own clinics within primary care. It contributes to increased lifequality and health for patients. When a nurse-led clinical appointments is cancelled, both the patient situation and the nurse's work situation can be affected. Therefore, important to investigate how nurses experience and manage when nurse-led clinical appointments are cancelled. Purpose: The purpose was to describe how nurses experience and handle critical incidents during cancelled nurse-led clinical appointments in primary care.       Method: A qualitative study with the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was carried out with an inductive approach where 28 nurses who are professionals in primary care in Region Skåne answered a designed questionnaire.   Results: The nurses' experience of cancelled nurse-led clinical appointments was that it created extra work. They described stress, irritation, anger but also to some extent understanding. Cancelled nurse-led appointments affected not only the patients but also their relatives and nursingstudents. The nurses managed cancelled nurse-led appointments by prioritizing their work and using their professional experience to resolve the situation. They adapted to the understaffing and raised this in the work group to improve the work environment.     Conclusion: Region Skåne had willing and competent nurses. When nurse-led clinical appointments were cancelled, patients experienced reduced continuity and sometimes delayed diagnosis. This was largely due to understaffing in primary care and the employer could not provide the working environment that the nurses needed.

No / The Silences Framework and its underpinning concept of ‘Screaming Silences’ was originally presented with the invitation for further peer review and utilisation in other contexts in order to test its usefulness and enable critique by a wider audience. This paper reports the use of the framework in a study researching nurse-led interventions for released ex-offenders. Screaming Silences were situated in how an issue, as experienced by ex-offenders, screams out to them in relation to their health and its impact on their reality while remaining silent in the consciousness of society and the application of practice. In addressing these Screaming Silences, we associated the Silences Framework within marginal discourses as they are less prioritised by policy and frequently positioned as far removed from what society considers as normal. Screaming Silences were situated in the subjective experiences of ex-offenders known as the ‘listener’ and the social and personal context in which these experiences occurred. We affirmed that the framework is ideally suited for researching issues which are under-researched, silent from policy discourse and excluded from practice, as it is oriented towards exploring individual experiences by valuing individual interpretations of events.

This study explored how nurses in acute and nurse-led gynaecology wards prioritised patient caseloads ranging in diversity and number of patient conditions. Statistics show that since the introduction of medical termination of pregnancy (MTOP) procedures into the National Health Service (NHS) in 1991, the number of women having this procedure is increasing year on year. To date very little is known about the impact this procedure may have had on nursing practice. The focus of this study was to explore the nursing care when this included, and did not include, caring for women having MTOP. The study was conducted in two parts. The first qualitative study employed non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews of nurses in gynaecology and surgical wards at two hospital sites to examine the external context in which nursing decisions were made. This found that nurses in gynaecology focused on emotional or psychosocial aspects more so than surgical nurses who focused on physical aspects of patient care. The second quantitative study involved a cross-sectional survey of nurses from both ward types in two hospitals sites in Scotland. Internal constructs were examined using personality and thinking styles measures. Nurses were assessed on their emotionality, that is, the numbers of times an emotional care aspect was prioritised. This found that nurses who prioritised the emotional aspects of the task tended to be more conscientious and elected preference for a ‘people-centred’ thinking style. The context in which women have TOP is also important since the findings suggest women may benefit from being cared for in nurse-led rather than in acute wards. Knowing how a person thinks about emotional and physical aspects of care also has implications for those involved in education, and career planning.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Despite a rise in breast cancer incidence, mortality rates have fallen. This improvement in mortality is due to the success of anti-cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Such treatments, however, are known to be associated with a range of symptoms. A number of studies exploring patients’ chemotherapy-related symptom experiences have shown that patients consistently rate nausea and fatigue highly, not only in relation to severity, but also in relation to the associated distress they experience. The subjective and non-observable nature of both nausea and fatigue complicates their assessment. While a range of assessment tools exists to evaluate patients’ experiences of these two symptoms, there is currently no gold standard assessment tool for assessing either symptom. Moreover, while a range of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been developed for both symptoms, further evaluation is often needed to provide the level of evidence required to recommend their implementation in real life clinical environments. The SNA↔P (structured nursing assessment into practice) study arose in response to this clinical situation. The SNA↔P study was a longitudinal study that evaluated the impact of a complex evidence-based intervention, incorporating structured multidimensional symptom assessment and multiple symptom management techniques, on patients’ experiences of nausea and fatigue during a course of chemotherapy for breast cancer. Using complementary quantitative and qualitative research methods not only allowed in-depth understanding of patients’ experiences and patterns of nausea and fatigue during a course of chemotherapy, but also facilitated a rounded evaluation of the intervention, incorporating both statistical elements and those of personal significance. The use of these methods showed that the implementation of the SNA↔P intervention in routine clinical practice has significant potential for improving patients’ symptom experiences during a course of chemotherapy. In so doing, it also highlighted a number of areas in which clinical practice can be influenced, and research conducted, to further improve patients’ symptom experiences.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The current context of offender health in England and Wales indicates that offenders re-enter their communities with limited pre-release preparation for the continuity of access to healthcare and an increased risk of release with a health condition and very little support to cope in the community. This study was aimed at mapping the ex-offender health pathway towards identifying ‘touch points’ in the community for the delivery of a nurse led intervention. The study was a qualitative case study underpinned by ‘The Silences Framework’ which enabled it to gain theoretically by situating power with offenders, thus, aiding their ‘Silences’ to be heard, explored and brought to light. Participants meeting the study inclusion criteria were quantitatively ranked on the basis of poor health with those scoring the lowest and confirming their ranking through a confirmation of a health condition selected as cases and interviewed over the course of six months. These interview narratives were confirmed by interviewing individuals in the professional networks of offenders. The study identified the site of post-release supervision as the ‘touch point’ where a nurse led intervention could be delivered. With regards to the delivery of the health intervention, the study indicated that the nurse led intervention be provided as an advisory and signposting service structured on a drop-in and appointment basis. Furthermore, the study indicated that pre-release, offenders were not prepared in prison for the continuity in access to healthcare in the community on release. On-release, offenders’ on-release preparation did not enquire as a matter of procedure on whether offenders were registered with a GP or had the agency to register self with a GP practice in the community. Post release, the study uncovered a disparity between services which address the physical health needs of offenders and those which address their mental and substance misuse health needs.

Heart failure (HF) is a serious public health problem associated with high mortality rates, hospital readmissions, and health care costs. Transitional care has emerged as a disease management model used to reduce readmissions for hospital-discharged patients with HF. However, the efficacy of an advanced practice nurse (APN)-led transitional care program (TCP) in readmission reduction is under debate. The practice question for this project examined the extent to which an APN-led TCP was effective in reducing 30-day all-cause readmissions for hospital-discharged HF patients. The logic model was the framework guiding this program evaluation. An analysis of quality improvement HF data from September 2015 to August 2016 was reviewed for one hospital in southern California. The APN-led TCP included 47 patients and had 7 patients with 30-day readmissions. The physicians' group included 298 patients and had 53 patients with 30-day readmissions. The results of chi-square analysis revealed a nonsignificant association between 30-day readmissions and post-discharge care providers [Ï? 2 (1, N = 345) = 0.236, p = 0.627], and the HF 30-day readmission rates were the same between two groups. The APN-led TCP served a large proportion of Medi-Cal patients (48.94%) who had less primary care access, while the majority of patients in the physicians' group were Medicare (51%) who had primary care providers. This project highlights the positive social changes that advanced practice nurses affect via their critical leadership and clinical roles in increasing care access for the low-income population. Further studies on payer sources and readmissions are recommended on the efficacy of APN-led TCP in readmission reduction.

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