Les zones intertidales jouent un rôle essentiel dans le renouvellement des ressources halieutiques. De nombreuses espèces marines, poissons comme macro-crustacés ont un cycle de vie qui leur impose de passer au cours de leur période juvénile par ces écosystèmes. De par sa position à l'interface terre-mer, la zone intertidale est soumise à d'importantes fluctuations des facteurs environnementaux. Cependant, la façon dont cet écosystème répond aux forçages environnementaux, notamment en ce qui concerne la composition et la structure des peuplements, leurs dynamiques et persistances saisonnières et interannuelles sont encore mal connues. En Manche Orientale, l'estran sableux représente plus de 70 % du littoral et constitue d'importantes zones de nourriceries pour les juvéniles de poissons. Dans ce contexte scientifique et régional, l'objectif global de cette thèse a été de décrire les assemblages des peuplements de poissons et de macro-crustacés de la zone intertidale et d'analyser l'influence de l'environnement sur les assemblages et la dynamique des espèces. Une telle étude a pour but de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de cet écosystème et de préciser son importance dans le cycle biologique des espèces marines, notamment des espèces d'intérêt halieutique. Une première partie de ce travail a permis de déterminer la composition et la variabilité des assemblages de poissons et de macro-crustacés en relation avec les fluctuations environnementales et climatiques. A partir d'un suivi à long terme (11 années) mais aussi saisonnier, nous avons mis en évidence une stabilité des assemblages des peuplements de la macrofaune (poissons et crustacés). A l'inverse les abondances présentent des fluctuations interannuelles et saisonnières en relation avec des facteurs comme la NAO, la température, la salinité ou encore la turbidité. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous avons analysé si les variations des conditions environnementales de la zone intertidale pendant la période printanière sont d'ordre à affecter les performances physiologiques et la survie des juvéniles qui colonisent cet écosystème. Nous avons focalisé notre étude sur l'espèce de poisson dominante et la zone intertidale, la plie "Pleuronectes platessa". Différents indices qui reflètent les performances physiologiques des juvéniles (croissance et indices de conditions) ont été mesurés sur les juvéniles de plie tout au long de la période de colonisation. Les résultats montrent que la croissance récente, la condition K et l'état nutritionnel (ARN/ADN) des juvéniles de poissons sont élevés tout au long de la période de colonisation des juvéniles et présentent peu de variations intra- et interannuelles, indiquant que l'estran offre des conditions favorables au développement et à la survie des juvéniles de poisson et par conséquent à leur recrutement. Malgré l'importance du bloom de "Phaeocystis globosa" dans la région et de ses fortes variations interannuelles, nous n'avons pas constaté d'effets de ce bloom sur les assemblages, les abondances ou encore les performances physiologiques des poissons. / Intertidal areas provide an essential habitat to fish and macrocrustaceans. These systems are particularly used by juveniles of many fish and macrocrustacean species as nurseries because of the potential advantages they provide for the growth and survival of young fish, namely high prey availability, refuge from predators and good environmental conditions. These habitats are in permanence subject to strong environmental and human fluctuations.Therefore, the comprehension of the functioning and the conservation of the sandy beaches are necessary to maintain the biodiversity and to guarantee the renewal of the fisheries. It is in this framework that our study oriented us to determine the importance of the environmental factors on one hand on the dynamic of the ichtyofauna and on the other hand on physiological performances of the juveniles of fish on the intertidal zones of the English Channel. First, this work allowed us to determine the composition and variability of the fish and macrocrustaceans assemblages in relationship with the environmental and climatic fluctuations. According to our results, the importance of the role of the intertidal habitats of the English Channel in the renewal of the fisheries was proved. Standard qualitative community ecology metrics (species composition, richness, diversity, evenness and similarity) indicated notable inter-annual stability over the study period. Afterward, a 2nd part of this study was consecrated to the seasonal study of the assemblages and the impact of the environmental changes. Our results allowed us to demonstrate that abiotic and climatic factors (mainly temperature, salinity, suspended matter and the winter NAO) have a great influence on the structure of fish and macrocrustacean assemblages but also the impact of Phaeocystis globosa blooms on the population structure. To better understand the nursery functions, the study of physiological performances of juvenile common plaice Pleuronectes platessa during the spring period on the intertidal zone was discussed in order to understand if changes in the environment have an impact on their healthy development. For this, we analyzed various indices that reflect the physiological performance of juvenile common plaice (growth and condition indeces). The results show that the recent growth, the Fulton's K and nutritional ratio RNA/DNA juvenile fish are high throughout the juvenile period of colonization, indicating that nurseries are favorable to the development and survival of fish and therefore their recruitment. Finally, all the work presented shows that the environment of the intertidal areas of the Eastern English Channel is favorable to good life cycle course of marine fish fauna.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo_Bortoli_Uliana.pdf: 321238 bytes, checksum: 83cb6d5a28541de9251afb4cf5cbfc14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The growing demand for seedlings of forest native sorts has been demanding inquiries made a list to the use of substrates and fertirrigação, able to provide seedlings that present elevated rates of initial growth and of survival after the planting to the least possible cost. In this context, this work intended to contribute to identify the best frequency of fertirrigação, better substrate as well as the time of permanence of the seedlings of the sorts of angico and cedro rosa. The study was carried out in the Experimental Station of the UNIOESTE, Campus of Marechal Candido Rondon, PR. The experimental used delineation was in blocks at random, in arrangement of subdivided pieces, taking four frequencies as a principal piece of fertirrigação (0; 7; 14 and 21 days) and in the subpieces four types of substrates (commercial Substrate, Mixture of BCD H (7:3 v:v); Mixture of BCD V TO, (7:2:1 v:v:v); and Mixture of BCD V (7:3 v:v)), with four repetitions. They were valued the height of plant, diameter of I collect, foliaceous area, dry mass of the air part, root and total, relation breaks air / root, quality rate of DICKSON, rate of absolute growth and condutividade of the substrate. These parameters were valued to 50, 80, 110, 140 and 170 days after emergence of the plantules. Through the analysis of the obtained results, it was ended that for the best development of seedlings of angico and pink cedar recommends to itself to do the fertirrigação to each 14 days, as soon as the interval presented better results in several parameters. The seedlings of angico can go for the field after 140 days while the seedlings of cedar can go to 110 days. The mixture of pulp of cane when more humus (7:3 was analysed; v:v) it provided the best development of the seedlings Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan; (angico vermelho) and of Cedrela odorata L (cedro rosa) / A crescente demanda por mudas de espécies florestais nativas tem exigido pesquisas relacionadas ao uso de substratos e fertirrigação, capazes de proporcionar mudas que apresentem elevadas taxas de crescimento inicial e de sobrevivência após o plantio ao menor custo possível. Neste contexto, este trabalho pretendeu contribuir para identificar a melhor freqüência de fertirrigação, melhor substrato bem como o tempo de permanência das mudas das espécies de angico e cedro rosa. O estudo foi realizado na Estação Experimental da UNIOESTE, Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, tendo como parcela principal as quatro freqüências de fertirrigação (0; 7; 14 e 21 dias) e nas subparcelas os quatro tipos de substratos (Substrato comercial, Mistura de BCD+H (7:3 v:v); Mistura de BCD+V+A, (7:2:1 v:v:v); e Mistura de BCD+V (7:3 v:v)), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a altura de planta, diâmetro do coleto, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total, relação parte aérea/raiz, índice de qualidade de DICKSON, taxa de crescimento absoluto e condutividade do substrato. Estes parâmetros foram avaliados aos 50, 80, 110, 140 e 170 dias após emergência das plântulas. Através da análise dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que para o melhor desenvolvimento de mudas de angico e cedro rosa recomenda-se fazer a fertirrigação a cada 14 dias, uma vez que o intervalo apresentou melhores resultados em vários parâmetros. As mudas de angico podem ir para o campo após os 140 dias enquanto as mudas de cedro podem ir aos 110 dias.A mistura de bagaço de cana decomposto mais húmus (7:3; v:v) proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de A. macrocarpa (angico vermelho) e de C. odorata (cedro rosa)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:59:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_alc_me_fran.pdf: 591965 bytes, checksum: ffbe2b856c9029b643ff23e7b9984801 (MD5) / A literatura sobre o Terceiro Setor torna evidente seu crescimento e desenvolvimento em todo o mundo. Partindo do pressuposto de que o Estado, no Brasil, não se encontra organizado o suficiente para atender carências e necessidades das demandas sociais, o estudo apresenta como objetivo conhecer para compreender a estrutura das organizações não governamentais que atendem crianças de zero a três anos na cidade de Franca. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa teve a clara intenção de agregar conhecimento científico à questão da gestão nas entidades pertencentes ao Terceiro Setor e, consequentemente, estabelecer aproximações teóricas e práticas entre as áreas do Serviço Social e da Administração, diretamente responsáveis pelo processo de formação educacional e humana de crianças inseridas no contexto das creches francanas. Para a construção do conhecimento científico foi utilizado um conjunto metodológico fundamentado no método indutivo, na abordagem quantiqualitativa através de estudos exploratório e descritivo. O universo compreendeu 38 creches inscritas na Secretaria de Educação da Prefeitura de Franca no ano de 2009, selecionadas por amostra não probabilística intencional. Os sujeitos da pesquisa, os presidentes (diretoria voluntária) e os coordenadores (profissionais contratados) das ONGs, foram abordados através de entrevistas presenciais que permitiram tanto o estabelecimento de diálogo franco e aberto como a identificação do perfil dos mesmos e da instituição. Na pesquisa de campo, as entrevistas revelaram representações significativas que as organizações têm para eles, incluindo análises objetivas sobre o atendimento prestado às demandas beneficiárias dos serviços / The literature about the Third Sector makes clear its growth and development around the world. Assuming that the State, in Brazil, is not organized enough to meet the needs and necessities of social demands, it is an objective of this study to know to understand the structure of non-governmental organizations that serve children from birth to three years old in the city of Franca. The development of the research had the clear intention of adding scientific knowledge to the management issue in the entities belonging to the Third Sector and, thus, establish theoretical and practical approaches between the areas of Social Work and Administration, which are directly responsible for the children’s educational and human process, the ones who are inserted in the context of the francanas day care centers. For the construction of the scientific knowledge, a methodology set was used based on the inductive method, on quantitative and qualitative approach through exploratory and descriptive studies. On the whole, this study was comprised of 38 day care centers enrolled in the Education Department of the City Council of Franca in 2009, selected by intentional non-probable sample. The subjects of this study who are the presidents (voluntary direction) and the managers (hired professionals) of NGOs, were approached through attended interviews that allowed both the establishment of open dialogue as well as the identification of their profile and of the institution. In the research field, the interviews revealed meaningful representations that the organizations have for them, including objective analysis about the service provided to the beneficiary demands for service

Orientador: Claudia Maria Daher Cosac / Banca: Helen Barbosa Raiz Engler / Banca: Alfredo José Machado Neto / Resumo: A literatura sobre o Terceiro Setor torna evidente seu crescimento e desenvolvimento em todo o mundo. Partindo do pressuposto de que o Estado, no Brasil, não se encontra organizado o suficiente para atender carências e necessidades das demandas sociais, o estudo apresenta como objetivo conhecer para compreender a estrutura das organizações não governamentais que atendem crianças de zero a três anos na cidade de Franca. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa teve a clara intenção de agregar conhecimento científico à questão da gestão nas entidades pertencentes ao Terceiro Setor e, consequentemente, estabelecer aproximações teóricas e práticas entre as áreas do Serviço Social e da Administração, diretamente responsáveis pelo processo de formação educacional e humana de crianças inseridas no contexto das creches francanas. Para a construção do conhecimento científico foi utilizado um conjunto metodológico fundamentado no método indutivo, na abordagem quantiqualitativa através de estudos exploratório e descritivo. O universo compreendeu 38 creches inscritas na Secretaria de Educação da Prefeitura de Franca no ano de 2009, selecionadas por amostra não probabilística intencional. Os sujeitos da pesquisa, os presidentes (diretoria voluntária) e os coordenadores (profissionais contratados) das ONGs, foram abordados através de entrevistas presenciais que permitiram tanto o estabelecimento de diálogo franco e aberto como a identificação do perfil dos mesmos e da instituição. Na pesquisa de campo, as entrevistas revelaram representações significativas que as organizações têm para eles, incluindo análises objetivas sobre o atendimento prestado às demandas beneficiárias dos serviços / Abstract: The literature about the Third Sector makes clear its growth and development around the world. Assuming that the State, in Brazil, is not organized enough to meet the needs and necessities of social demands, it is an objective of this study to know to understand the structure of non-governmental organizations that serve children from birth to three years old in the city of Franca. The development of the research had the clear intention of adding scientific knowledge to the management issue in the entities belonging to the Third Sector and, thus, establish theoretical and practical approaches between the areas of Social Work and Administration, which are directly responsible for the children's educational and human process, the ones who are inserted in the context of the francanas day care centers. For the construction of the scientific knowledge, a methodology set was used based on the inductive method, on quantitative and qualitative approach through exploratory and descriptive studies. On the whole, this study was comprised of 38 day care centers enrolled in the Education Department of the City Council of Franca in 2009, selected by intentional non-probable sample. The subjects of this study who are the presidents (voluntary direction) and the managers (hired professionals) of NGOs, were approached through attended interviews that allowed both the establishment of open dialogue as well as the identification of their profile and of the institution. In the research field, the interviews revealed meaningful representations that the organizations have for them, including objective analysis about the service provided to the beneficiary demands for service / Mestre

Knowledge of effective reef restoration techniques are necessary in this age of worldwide coral reef decline. Coral transplantation is a restoration technique employed after natural (i.e. hurricanes) and anthropogenic (i.e. vessel groundings) physical disturbance events. The study was conducted to compare the efficacy of propagating small colony fragments in laboratory and field conditions in terms of survival and growth. Fragment growth and survival were assessed for six scleractinian boulder corals common to Florida and Caribbean reefs: Montastraea annularis, M. cavernosa, Diploria clivosa, Siderastrea siderea, S. radians and Dichocoenia stokesii. Broken coral colonies were salvaged from vessel grounding sites and marine debris, fragmented into pucks and secured to travertine tiles. One hundred and fifty-three coral colony fragments were cultivated in an ex situ laboratory nursery and 133 coral colony fragments were cultivated in an in situ field nursery and monitored for 13 months. Survival of all colonies was 94%, with 98% survival in the laboratory treatment and 89% survival in the field treatment. Complete colony mortality was documented in three S. radians colonies, all in the laboratory treatment. All colony loss in the field treatment was due to colony pucks being detached from the tiles. Overall mean percent change in colony tissue area from initial to final monitoring events was calculated to determine growth. Across species, growth was greater in the laboratory treatment (76 ± 4 % SEM) in comparison to the field treatment (27 ± 5 % SEM). Positive growth was observed in D. clivosa, D. stokesii, M. annularis, M. cavernosa and S. siderea in the laboratory treatment. In the field treatment, D. clivosa, M. annularis and M. cavernosa were the only species that exhibited positive growth. Negative growth was observed in both the laboratory and field treatments for S. radians. In conclusion, colonies propagated in the ex situ nursery (laboratory treatment) had higher growth and survival than colonies propagated in the in situ nursery (field treatment). A critical acclimation period accomplished through the use of stable laboratory conditions will produce healthier, more secure coral colonies that may be used to repopulate disturbed reef sites.

Coral nurseries have become a popular and successful method to produce coral fragments for reef-restocking and restoration projects worldwide. Numerous in-situ coral nurseries have been established and many studies have focused on the most effective way to produce coral fragments in offshore nurseries. In contrast, production of coral fragments in land-based nurseries is rarely studied despite a growing knowledge of coral husbandry and coral aquaculture. Little data exist on the success of tank-raised corals when transplanted back into reef environments. This thesis presents the results of a study designed to assess the use of land-based coral nurseries in production of fragments of the Atlantic staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis for the purposes of reef re-stocking and restoration. The first objective of the study was to assess if A. cervicornis fragments can be produced in aquarium conditions at comparable rates to offshore nurseries. Fragments from the same wild donor colonies were placed in an offshore nursery and a land-based nursery and monitored for survival, growth, branch production, and branch thickness for 16 months. Survival was lower in the land-based nursery, largely due to a mechanical failure. Linear extension was lower in the land-based nursery until nursery conditions were evaluated and optimized. The optimization process included changes to water quality, temperature control, and lighting. Post-optimization, linear extension in the land-based nursery exceeded the offshore nursery, with a maximum monthly growth rate of 16.0 ± 5.3 mm month-1. The maximum monthly rate in the offshore nursery was 10.6 ± 4.1 mm month-1. Branch number and thickness were also lower initially in the land-based nursery, however both metrics increased rapidly after optimization. This experiment shows that A. cervicornis can be successfully grown in a land-based nursery, and that linear extension and fragment production can be higher than in offshore nurseries if environmental conditions are maintained within optimum ranges. This experiment highlights some of the conditions that promoted high linear extension rates in this species. The second objective of this study was to examine the success of corals outplanted from land-based nurseries and to determine whether corals reared in a land-based nursery would show the same growth and survival after transplantation as those reared in a traditional offshore nursery. This was examined in two experiments. In the first experiment, small fragments were outplanted from colonies reared offshore and from colonies reared in a land-based system. In the second experiment, larger colonies reared in the two separate land-based systems were outplanted to the same location. All transplanted corals were monitored for survival, growth, branch number, and incidence of predation, breakage, and disease over one year. Two major storm events occurred during this portion of the study, so the potential for differences in breakage or storm damage were also assessed. There were no significant differences in survival or growth of fragments outplanted from a land-based nursery and an offshore nursery. Colony outplants from one land-based location had better survival and growth than colonies from a second land-based location. Tropical storm activity greatly increased the occurrence of breakage and tissue loss in all groups, resulting in decreases in colony volume and additional mortality. Survival ranged from 85% to 100% after six months, and survival ranged from 70% to 89% after one year and the passing of two tropical storms. Small (5 cm) transplants did not have significantly lower survivorship than large transplants. Overall, the transplant of fragments and colonies raised in land-based nurseries was successful, as measured by growth and survival rates that were comparable to or exceeded those observed for corals raised in offshore nurseries. Large colony transplants exhibited the best survivorship and extension rates, but were also highly prone to breakage.