Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad han alcanzado prevalencias epidémicas a nivel mundial. Una de las estrategias propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud para revertir el sobrepeso y la obesidad, es utilizar el etiquetado nutricional frontal. Por ello, en el año 2018 en el Perú se aprobó el Manual de Advertencias Publicitarias (MAP), para que los productos ultra-procesados lleven en su empaque entre 1-3 Advertencias Octogonales (AO), según lo requieran. En el MAP se establecen dos parámetros. El primer parámetro entró en vigencia en enero del 2019 y el segundo entrará en vigencia en septiembre del 2021. Cabe resaltar que el presente estudio se inició en marzo del 2018, es decir, antes de que entrara en vigencia la implementación de las AO. Objetivo: Determinar la proporción de productos ultra-procesados que declararían al menos una advertencia octogonal para septiembre del 2021, en cumplimiento de la Ley N° 30021. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio exploratorio en el que se analizaron 786 fotografías de etiquetas de productos ultra-procesados. Según el perfil de nutrientes de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, se clasificó en 10 categorías. El contenido nutricional (energía, azúcar, grasas totales, grasas saturadas y sodio) de los productos ultra-procesados se calculó en 100 gramos o mililitros de producto. Los parámetros finales establecidos en el MAP, se usaron para evaluar la cantidad de AO que declararían los productos ultra-procesados en caso de no modificar su formulación para septiembre del 2021. Resultados: Se encontró que 88,1% de los productos ultra-procesados llevarían al menos una AO para septiembre del 2021. El 46,2% llevaría una AO, el 38,2% llevarían dos AO, mientras que el 3,7% declararía las tres AO. De los productos ultra-procesados que llevarían una AO, el 80,7% declararía la frase “ALTO EN AZÚCAR”, mientras de los que llevarían dos AO, el 65,6% declararía las frases “ALTO EN GRASAS SATURADAS” y “ALTO EN AZÚCAR”. Conclusión: El 88,1% de los productos ultra-procesados llevarían al menos una AO para septiembre del 2021, en cumplimiento de la Ley N° 30021. / Introduction: Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic prevalences worldwide. One of the strategies proposed by the World Health Organization to reverse overweight and obesity, is to use frontal nutritional labeling. That is why, in 2018 in Peru the Manual of Advertising Warnings (MAW) was approved so that ultra-processed products carry in their packaging between 1-3 Octagonal Warnings (OW), as required. The MAP establishes two parameters. The first parameter entered into force in January 2019 and the second will enter into in September 2021. It should be noted that this study began in March 2018, that is, before the AO implementation went into effect. Objective: Determine the proportion of ultra-processed products that would declare at least one Octagonal Warning by September 2021, in compliance with Law N° 30021. Materials and Methods: Exploratory study in which 786 photographs of labels of ultra-processed products were analyzed. According to the nutrient profile of the Pan American Health Organization, it was classified into 10 categories. The nutritional content (energy, sugar, total fat, saturated fat and sodium) of the ultra-processed products was calculated in 100 grams or milliliters of product. The final parameters established in the MAP were used to evaluate the amount of OW that would be declared by ultra-processed products in case of not modifying their formulation for September 2021. Results: It was found that 88.1% of the ultra-processed products would carry at least one OW by September 2021. 46.2% would wear an OW, 38.2% would wear two OW, while 3.7% would declare the three OW. Of the ultra-processed products that would carry an OW, 80.7% would declare the phrase “HIGH IN SUGAR”, while of those that would take two OW, 65.6% would declare the phrases “HIGH IN SATURATED FATS” and “HIGH IN SUGAR”. Conclusions: The 88.1% of ultra-processed products would carry at least one OW by September 2021, in compliance with Law N°. 30021. / Tesis

Objective: To determine if there are variations in the body mass index associated with changes in eating habits and physical activity in first semester students of a private university in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: An observational, prospective cohort study was conducted in the faculty of health sciences of a private university located in Lima, Peru during the months of March and June 2015. The participants were evaluated anthropometrically and 2 self- applied instruments: the IPAQ short version and the eating habits questionnaire were applied. Results: 120 participants were enrolled and 109 (91%) remained until the final stage. The average age of the evaluated ones was 18.6 years for both genders, predominating the feminine one with 65.1%. It was found that around 80% of those evaluated had inadequate feeding habits in both phases and only one participant changes from having inadequate to adequate habits (0.9%). Likewise, the majority of students presented an adequate BMI in both phases despite the predominant slight physical activity evidenced in both moments. It should be mentioned that of the 23 students who presented variations in their BMI, only one (5.6%) increased or decreased their level of physical activity. Conclusion: No association was found between variations between changes in BMI and variations in eating habits and physical activity. Likewise, it was evidenced that most of the students present inadequate eating habits and low levels of physical activity regardless of nutritional status. / Tesis

Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre el perfil nutricional y el número de técnicas promocionales de los envases de alimentos industrializados existentes para niños, en mercados y supermercados de Lima, Perú 2016. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, muestreo por conveniencia. Se recolectaron alimentos industrializados (bebidas no alcohólicas, productos de pastelería, cereales, golosinas y bocaditos) de tres supermercados y dos mercados de Lima (Perú), entre Mayo y Junio del 2016. El perfil nutricional se clasificó según el Sistema de Semáforos de la Food Standards Agency (FSA) y la Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Las técnicas promocionales fueron clasificadas según Consumers International (CI). Para evaluar las relaciones se usaron modelos de regresión lineal simple y Poisson. Resultados: Se incluyeron 346 alimentos: 113 (32,7%) fueron golosinas, 92 (26,6%) productos de pastelería, 54 (15,6%) bebidas no alcohólicas, 52 (15,0%) cereales, y 35 (10,1%) bocaditos. De 335 alimentos pudieron clasificarse, 96,7% fueron no saludables. Los alimentos usaban en promedio 2,9 técnicas de promoción. El uso de gráficas audaces (p<0,001) e imágenes (p=0,01) estuvo relacionado con el perfil nutricional. A mayor número de técnicas promocionales se incrementó la probabilidad de ser un alimento no saludable (RP=1.02; IC95%: 1.01–1.04). Asimismo, se encontró relación lineal positiva entre técnicas promocionales y niveles de calorías (β:30,6; IC95% 14,9-46,3; p<0,001), sodio (β:36,3 ; IC95% 16,2-56,3; p<0,001) y carbohidratos (β:8,5; IC95% 6,3-10,6; p<0,001). Conclusión: Se encontró relación entre el número de técnicas promocionales incluidas en los empaques de alimentos industrializados dirigidos a los niños y el perfil nutricional de los mismos. / Objective: To determine whether there is a relation between the nutritional profile and the number of promotional techniques of existing industrialized food packaging for children in markets and supermarkets, Lima – Peru, 2016 Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, non probabilistic sampling. Industrialized food (non-alcoholic beverages, baking products, cereals, sweets and meals) were collected, from three supermarkets and two markets from Lima, between May and June of 2016.The nutritional profile were classified based on the traffic light system of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The promotional techniques were classified based on Consumers International (CI). Lineal and Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the relations. Results: A total of 346 products were included: 113 (32.7%) were sweets, 92 (26.6%) baking products, 54 (15.6%) non-alcoholic beverages, 52 (15.0%) cereals, and 35 (10.1%) snacks. From 335 classified, 96.7% were unhealthy. These products utilized, on average, 2.9 promotional techniques in their package. The use of bold graphics (p<0.001) and images (p=0.01) were related with the nutritional profile. The higher the number of promotional techniques, the higher the probability of being an unhealthy product (RP=1.02; IC95%: 1.01-1.04). Furthermore, we found a positive linear relationship between the promotional techniques and the calorie levels (β:30,6; 95% CI 14,9-46,3; p<0,001), sodium (β:36,3 ; 95% CI 16,2-56,3; p<0,001) y carbohydrates (β:8,5; 95% CI 6,3-10,6; p<0,001). Conclusion: There was a relationship between promotional techniques included in the packages of industrialized products aimed at children and their nutritional profile.