Submitted by JORGE MARTINELLI MARTELLO (jorgemartinelli@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-29T20:47:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO- JORGE MARTINELLI.pdf: 16363477 bytes, checksum: e325bf527b7f461e3d998472d2084c38 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-01T13:47:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martello_jm_me_bot.pdf: 16363477 bytes, checksum: e325bf527b7f461e3d998472d2084c38 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T13:47:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martello_jm_me_bot.pdf: 16363477 bytes, checksum: e325bf527b7f461e3d998472d2084c38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Recentemente no Brasil, a deficiência de boro têm sido constatada tanto em regiões tradicionais mas, principalmente, em regiões de expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar para solos arenosos e de baixa fertilidade. Relacionado a isso, doenças como estria vermelha (Bactéria - Acidovorax avenae), além de redução qualitativa e quantitativa da produtividade dos canaviais, têm sido observados. Portanto, estudos mais detalhados que revelem com maior clareza as particularidades deste micronutriente para a cultura se fazem necessários. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito da disponibilidade de boro em solução nutritiva sobre o desenvolvimento radicular e da parte aérea e, também, sobre a eficiência na absorção e concentração de nutrientes em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar de ciclos semelhantes e recomendadas para o mesmo ambiente de produção. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas /UNESP, em Botucatu-SP, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial composto por duas variedades (1- RB867515 e 2- RB92579) e, duas concentrações de B na solução nutritiva (1-Deficiente: 4,5 μmol L-1 e 2-Adequado: 45 μmol L-1 de B), totalizando quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biométricos das plantas e morfológicos das raízes, a produção de matéria seca, a concentração e o acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea, e a quantidade de nutrientes absorvidos por metro de raiz. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e aplicação do teste LSD a 5% de significância para as médias obtidas. O desenvolvimento e o comprimento radicular e dos entrenós das plantas de cana-de-açúcar foram restringidos pela deficiência de boro e, a concentração de nutrientes na parte aérea também foi reduzida. A variedade RB92579 apresentou maior produção de MSRA, MSC, MSF, menor diâmetro radicular e maior AP em relação a variedade RB867515, sob baixa concentração de B. As variedades de cana-de-açúcar estudadas comportam-se de maneira diferente frente a baixa disponibilidade de boro na solução nutritiva, sendo a variedade RB92579 mais tolerante e a variedade RB867515 mais suscetível a deficiência de boro. / Recently in Brazil, boron deficiency has been verified both in traditional, but mainly in expanding regions of the sugarcane crop to areas with sandy and low fertility soils. Associated with that, diseases like red stripe (Bacteria - Acidovorax avenae), as well as, qualitative and quantitative reduction in the productivity of sugarcane plants, have been observed. Therefore, more detailed studies, in order to further clarify special features of this micronutrient for the crop, become necessary. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of boron availability in nutrient solution, on the root and shoot growth, and also on the nutrient uptake efficiency and concentration in two sugarcane varieties with similar growth cycles, that are recommended for the same growth environment. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the College of Agricultural Sciences – Department of Crop Science/UNESP, in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial composed of two varieties (1- RB867515 and 2- RB92579) and two boron concentrations in the nutrient solution (1-Deficient: 4,5 μmol L-1 and 2-Adequate: 45 μmol L-1 B), four treatments with four repetitions in total. Were evaluated, the biometric parameters of plants, root morphology, dry matter yield, nutrient concentration and uptake in shoots and the uptake of nutrients by root length unit. Data were subjected to the variance analysis and means compared by the LSD test at 5 % significance. The root length and internodes development of sugarcane plants were restricted by boron deficiency and the concentration of nutrients in shoots was also reduced. The variety RB92579 showed higher production of MSRA, MSC, MSF, smaller root diameter and larger AP regarding RB867515 variety, under low boron concentration. The varieties of sugarcane studied, behave in a different way across the low availability of boron in the nutrient solution, being variety RB92579 more tolerant, and variety RB867515 more susceptible to boron deficiency. / CAPES: 3300406-4

Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2017-03-03T16:04:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_ rodrigo_lamaison_de_vargas.pdf: 732535 bytes, checksum: 8ac3c7c463bfa5cf9fe1b432056e382c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T18:08:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_ rodrigo_lamaison_de_vargas.pdf: 732535 bytes, checksum: 8ac3c7c463bfa5cf9fe1b432056e382c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T18:10:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_ rodrigo_lamaison_de_vargas.pdf: 732535 bytes, checksum: 8ac3c7c463bfa5cf9fe1b432056e382c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T18:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_ rodrigo_lamaison_de_vargas.pdf: 732535 bytes, checksum: 8ac3c7c463bfa5cf9fe1b432056e382c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-13 / Sem bolsa / A soja (Glicyne max (L) Merrill) é uma cultura de grande importância para o agronegócio, sendo a oleaginosa de maior importância no mundo. O Brasil se destacada no setor produtivo mundial como o segundo maior produtor, atrás apenas dos Estados Unidos. Com a importância que a cultura assumiu na economia brasileira, procura-se elevar a produção com o aumento do rendimento por área. A semente pode ser considerada o insumo de maior importância no processo produtivo. Para isso um dos fatores responsáveis para esse aumento é a adoção de sementes de alta qualidade fisiológica. O conhecimento de fatores que podem influenciar na qualidade da semente e seu desempenho são de grande importância para uma agricultura de alto desempenho, como para a seleção dos materiais a serem utilizados tanto para o cultivo quanto para o melhoramento. Um dos caracteres de relevância que se pode analisar na semente é a concentração de nutrientes minerais. Alguns nutrientes podem proporcionar maior porcentual de germinação, comprimento de plântula e potencial de armazenamento. O trabalho teve o objetivo determinar as concentrações dos principais nutrientes encontrados nos tecidos vegetais de sementes de soja. Os nutriente determinados foram divididos em macronutrientes, nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), magnésio (Mg), cálcio (Ca), enxofre (S) e os micronutrientes, boro (B), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), molibdênio (Mo), zinco (Zn). Foram determinados ainda as concentrações de alumínio (Al) e o elemento sódio (Na). Para determinar a concentração dos nutrientes foram coletados amostragens representativas de 2543 lotes de sementes de soja produzidos nos anos de 2009, 2010, 2011 e 2012. Foi possível concluir que as concentrações médias dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes encontrados nas análises químicas dos tecidos vegetais de sementes de soja apresentam valores que diferem para cada nutriente avaliado. Os macronutrientes que apresentam maiores concentrações nos tecidos vegetais de sementes de soja avaliados em ordem decrescente são o Nitrogênio, Potássio, Fósforo, Cálcio, Enxofre e Magnésio. Os micronutrientes que apresentam maiores concentrações nos tecidos vegetais de sementes de soja avaliados em ordem decrescente são o Ferro, Manganês, Zinco, Boro e Cobre. Nas concentrações dos macronutrientes Nitrogênio, Fósforo, Potássio, ocorreu média variabilidade, à exceção do Cálcio e o elemento sódio com alta variabilidade. As concentrações dos micronutrientes tiveram alta variabilidade. / The soybean (Glicyne max (L.) Merrill) is a culture of great importance to agribusiness, and the most important oilseed crop in the world. Brazil has highlighted the productive sector as the world's second largest producer, after the United States. With the importance that culture assumed in the Brazilian economy, seeks to increase production with the increase of yield per area. The seed can be considered the most important input in the production process. For that one of the factors responsible for this increase is the adoption of high-quality seed physiological. Knowledge of factors that can influence the quality of the seed and its performance are of great importance for agriculture, high performance, and for the selection of materials to be used for cultivation both as to the improvement. One of the characters of relevance can analyze the seed is the concentration of mineral nutrients. Some nutrients can provide a higher percentage of germination, seedling length and storage potential.The study aimed to determine the concentrations of the main nutrients found in plant tissues of soybean seeds.Certain nutrients have been divided into macronutrient, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S) and micronutrients, boron (B), copper (Cu) , iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn). Although the concentrations of aluminum (Al) and sodium element (Na) were determined. To determine the concentration of nutrients representative samples of 2543 batches of soybean seeds produced in the years 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. Were collected was concluded that the average concentrations of macronutrients and micronutrients found in chemical analyzes of tissues of seeds soybeans have values that differ for each rated nutrient. The macronutrients present higher concentrations in plant tissues of soybean evaluated in descending order are Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium and Sulfur.The micronutrients that have higher concentrations in plant tissues of soybean evaluated in descending order are Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Boron and Copper. In concentrations of macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, average variability occurred, except for calcium and sodium element with high variability. The concentrations of micronutrients had high variability.

River export has a strong influence on the productivity of coastal waters. During storm events, rivers deliver disproportionate amounts of nutrients and organic matter to estuaries. Anthropogenic changes to the land use/cover (LULC) and water use also have a strong influence on the export of nutrients and organic matter to estuaries. This study specifically addressed the following questions: 1) How does river water chemistry vary across LULC patterns in the Mission and Aransas river watersheds? 2) How do fluxes of water, nutrients, and organic matter in the rivers vary between base flow and storm flow? 3) How do variations in nutrient/organic matter concentrations and stable isotope ratios of particulate organic matter (POM) in Copano Bay relate to river inputs? Water was collected from the Mission and Aransas rivers and Copano Bay from July, 2007 through November, 2008 and analyzed for concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, particulate organic carbon (POC), and the stable C and N isotope ratios of the POM. The first half of the study period captured relatively wet conditions and the second half was relatively dry compared to long term climatology. Riverine export was calculated using the USGS LOADEST model. The percentage of annual constituent export during storms in 2007 was much greater than in 2008. Concentration-discharge relationships for inorganic nutrients varied between rivers, but concentrations were much higher in the Aransas River due to waste water contributions. Organic matter concentrations increased with flow in both rivers, but POM concentrations in the Aransas River were two fold higher due to large percentages of cultivated crop land. Values of [delta]¹³C-POC show a shift from autochthonous to allochthonous organic matter during storm events. Following storm events in Copano Bay, increases and quick draw down of nitrate and ammonium concentrations coupled with increases and slow draw down of SRP illustrate nitrogen limitation. Organic matter concentrations remained elevated for ~9 months following storm events. The [delta]¹³C-POC data show that increased concentrations were specifically related to increased autochthonous production. Linkages between LULC and nutrient loading to coastal waters are widely recognized, but patterns of nutrient delivery (i.e. timing, duration, and magnitude of watershed export) are often not considered. This study demonstrates the importance of sampling during storm events and defining system-specific discharge-concentration relationships for accurate watershed export estimation. This study also shows that storm inputs can support increased production for extended periods after events. Consideration of nutrient delivery patterns in addition to more traditional studies of LULC effects would support more effective management of coastal ecosystems in the future. / text

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Superfoods – exotische und einheimische mit überdurchschnittlich hoher Nährstoffdichte, folglich gesundheitsförderndem Wirkversprechen, erfreuen sich stetiger Beliebtheit. Insbesondere deren sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe, antioxidative Eigenschaften und Vitamine zielen gesundheitsfördernd auf den menschlichen Organismus ab. Superfoods leben vom diskursiven Austausch. Demzufolge lassen sich Menschen durch Meinungen und Erfahrungsberichte beeinflussen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird vorhandenes Bewusstsein in der gesunden Bevölkerung um den gesundheitsfördernden Nutzen untersucht. Quantitativ, mittels standardisierter online-Befragung, wird zum Konsum, ernährungsphysiologischen Hintergründen sowie Beweggründen zu Gesundheitszuschreibung und Ernährung, befragt. Das resultieren-de Meinungsbild zeigt Bewusstsein zum gesundheitsfördernden Nutzten von Superfood. Auseinandersetzungen zu Verzehrmengen und Risikobewertungen sind jedoch gering vorhanden. Das Potenzial optimaler Anwendung wird nicht ausgeschöpft, um Superfoods gesundheits- und nährstoffbezogen aktiv in das Ernährungsverhalten einzubinden. „Wohlbefinden“ und „Geschmack“ stehen im Fokus. Die Forschungsergebnisse leisten einen grundlegenden Beitrag zur Gesundheitszuschreibung. Das Meinungsbild wird theoriebasierend vergleichend diskutiert, weiterführende Forschungsbedarfe abgeleitet, um künftig umfangreiches Bewusstsein zu generieren sowie Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit und zielgerichteten Konsum näher zu hinterfragen.:Abkürzungsverzeichnis V Abbildungsverzeichnis VI Tabellenverzeichnis VIII 1 Einleitung 1 2 Superfood 2 2.1 Begriffsbestimmung und Entstehung des Superfood-Trends 2 2.2 Beweggründe zum Superfood-Verzehr 4 2.3 Gesetzliche Grundlagen nährstoff- und gesundheitsbezogener Angaben 5 2.4 Inhaltsstoffe und Wirkungsfelder 7 2.4.1 Begriffsbestimmung sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe 7 2.4.2 Phenolische und polyphenolische Verbindungen 8 2.4.3 Antioxidative Eigenschaften 10 2.5. Wirkung von Superfood auf den menschlichen Organismus 10 2.5.1 Acaibeere (Euterpe oleracea) 10 2.5.2 Gojibeeren (Lycium barbarum) 12 2.5.3 Waldheidelbeeren (Vaccinium myrtillus) 14 2.5.4 Hagebutte (Rosae pseudofructus) 16 2.5.5 Kerne des Steirischen Ölkürbisses (Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca semen) 17 2.6 Zusammenfassung 19 2.7 Herleitung Forschungsfrage, Hypothesen und Zielsetzung 20 3 Empirische Untersuchung zu Superfood 22 3.1 Methodenauswahl 22 3.2 Untersuchungsdurchführung 23 3.2.1 Festlegung des Materials 23 3.2.2 Analyse der Entstehungssituation und formale Charakteristika des Materials 24 3.2.3 Theoriegeleitete Festlegung der Strukturierungsdimension 24 3.3 Gütekriterien quantitativer Forschung 26 4 Ergebnisse und Diskussion 27 4.1. Darstellung der Stichprobe 27 4.2 Themenbereich 1: Allgemeines Verständnis zum Lebensmittel Superfood 29 4.3 Themenbereich 2: Subjektives Gesundheitsempfinden und bevorzugtes Ernährungsverhalten 32 4.4 Themenbereich 3: Beweggründe zum Konsum 34 4.5 Themenbereich 4: Bewusstsein zu ernährungsphysiologischen Hintergründen 38 4.6 Themenbereich 5: Persönlicher Nutzen zum Konsum 40 4.7 Themenbereich 6: Bewusstsein zum nährstoffbezogenen Vergleich exotischer und einheimischer Superfoods 42 4.8 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Ansätze zur Förderung von Bewusstsein zu Gesundheitszuschreibung Superfood in der gesunden Bevölkerung 43 5 Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage und Verifizierung der Hypothesen 44 6 Darstellung des Meinungsbildes 45 7 Schlussfolgerung 48 Literaturverzeichnis . X Anhang XXVI

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Sergio Trabali Camargo Filho.pdf: 4423367 bytes, checksum: 827592ba3f6a9d37da8d784b6ae6ffe8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / The environmental conditions of light, temperature and water availability, along with grazing, are major factors establishing growth and phenology of forage species. The climatic effects imprint dynamics specific to pasture ecosystems, which are generally referred as "seasonality of the pasture." This study was set in an area of Fragiudult soil, located in Serop?dica municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The experiment began with a cut to make uniform the pasture at the height of 0.05 m, in February 2002. The aim was to determine the influence of climatic and genotypes factors in the expression of features of production, also the partition of carbon and nutrients in the aerial and ground parts of the perennial grasses Cynodon nlemfuensis (stargrass Puerto Rico); Cynodon spp (Tifton-85 grass); Digitaria swazilandensis (swazi grass) and Digitaria decumbens cv. Transvala (Transvala grass). Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study: i) in the drier periods of the year, the fodder allocate more carbon and nutrients in roots than in the aerial parts of the plants; ii) the species have more or less plasticity to respond to seasonal climatic fluctuations, and periodic defoliation, evidencing differential adaptive capabilities. To check these possibilities, it was used a simple strategy trial, where, from the cut for uniformity, there were evaluated eight periods, between 03/26/02 and 01/14/03, at intervals of 42 days, sampling material of aerial and root fitomass. After processing the samples, the fresh and air dry mass were determined (kg ha-1). In the root system, the accumulation and distribution of dry weight, and the length and surface area of roots to the depth of 1.0 m were determined, by sequential extraction of monoliths (1.0 dm3) from the wall of a soil trench. In sub-samples of dried and grinded aerial parts and roots, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium (g kg-1) were quantified. The results showed that: regardless of forage species, the root:shoot ratio (based on dry fitomass in standing fluctuated seasonally, with higher values in the dryer months of the year, and smaller in the months of highest rainfall; the species varied in their responses, evidencing the existence of phenotypic plasticity for attributes of production (accumulation of forage and root mass) and adaptive (length and specific root area), with the Tifton-85 grass outstanding by the level of productivity and stability; the magnitude of the differences between the species was controlled by the water availability, and it was amplified in the periods of increased rainfall and reduced in driest periods. The concentration of nutrients, in aerial and root biomass, responses were varied according to the nutrient, but, in general, the more nutrient concentrated in Digitaria that Cynodon, observation which was also valid for the quality of fiber. Already, the Cynodon accumulated more nutrients that Digitaria per unit area. For the relations of concentrations and accumulation of nutrients roots: shoot had little effect on the grasses and a rule, during dried periods was higher than those of rainfall period. Finally, each grass has its own dynamic in relations soil-plant-atmosphere, showing once again the different adaptive responses of these grasses. / As condi??es ambientais de luz, temperatura, disponibilidade h?drica e de nutrientes, junto com o pastejo, s?o os principais moduladores do crescimento e fenologia das esp?cies forrageiras. Os efeitos clim?ticos imprimem din?micas espec?ficas ao ecossistema pastoril, que s?o geralmente referidas como sazonalidade das pastagens . O presente trabalho foi realizado em uma ?rea de solo Planossolo, localizada no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ. O prop?sito foi o de determinar a influ?ncia dos fatores clim?ticos e genot?picos na express?o de caracter?sticas produtivas; assim como na parti??o de carbono e nutrientes entre as por??es a?reas e subterr?neas das gram?neas perenes Cynodon nlemfuensis (capim-Estrela Porto Rico); Cynodon spp (capim-Tifton-85); Digitaria swazilandensis (capim-su?zi) e Digitaria decumbens cv. Transvala (capim-Transvala). Foram formuladas duas hip?teses para orientar o trabalho: i) nos per?odos mais secos do ano, os capins alocam mais carbono e nutrientes nas ra?zes do que na parte a?rea; ii) os capins possuem maior ou menor plasticidade para responder ?s oscila??es clim?ticas sazonais e ? desfolha peri?dicas, evidenciando capacidades adaptativas diferenciais. Para verificar essas possibilidades, usou-se uma estrat?gia experimental simples, onde, a partir do corte de uniformiza??o, foram avaliados oito per?odos de crescimento, entre 26/03/02 e 14/01/03, a intervalos de 42 dias, com amostragens de fitomassa de parte a?rea e radicular. Ap?s processamento das amostras, foram determinadas a massa verde e massa seca da parte a?rea (kg ha-1). No sistema radicular, foram determinados o ac?mulo e a distribui??o da massa seca, al?m do comprimento e ?rea superficial das ra?zes at? a profundidade de 1,0 m, pela extra??o seq?encial de mon?litos (1,0 dm3) a partir da parede de uma trincheira de solo. Em sub-amostras secas e mo?das de parte a?rea e ra?zes foram determinados os teores de nitrog?nio, f?sforo, c?lcio e magn?sio (g kg-1). Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar que: independentemente do capim, a rela??o raiz: parte a?rea oscilou sazonalmente, tendo maiores valores nos meses mais secos do ano e menores nos meses de maior pluviosidade; os capins variaram as suas respostas, evidenciando a exist?ncia de plasticidade fenot?pica para atributos produtivos (ac?mulos de forragem e massa radicular) e adaptativos (comprimento espec?fico e ?rea radicular), tendo o capim-Tifton-85 se sobressa?do pelo n?vel de produtividade e estabilidade; a magnitude das diferen?as entre os capins foi controlada pela disponibilidade de ?gua, sendo amplificada nos per?odos de maior pluviosidade e reduzida nos per?odos mais secos. A concentra??o de nutrientes, tanto da fitomassa a?rea como da fitomassa radicular, tiveram respostas variadas de acordo com o nutriente, mas, de um modo geral, as Digitaria concentraram mais nutrientes que os Cynodon, observa??o que tamb?m foi v?lida para a qualidade da fibra. J?, os Cynodon acumularam mais nutrientes que as Digitaria por unidade de ?rea. Para as rela??es das concentra??es e ac?mulos de nutrientes ra?zes: parte a?rea teve poucos efeitos para os capins e, em geral no per?odo seco foram superiores aos dos per?odos chuvosos. Por fim, cada capim estabeleceu sua pr?pria din?mica nas rela??es solo-planta-atmosfera, evidenciando mais uma vez as diferentes respostas adaptativas destas gram?neas forrageiras.