Texte remanié de: Doctoral dissertation--Préhistoire. / Bibliogr. p.73-79.

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This study is an examination of the (broadly envisioned) process that has led to the emerging use of solar water heaters in Oaxaca de Juárez, Mexico. In 2007, Mexico launched a major policy initiative designed to encourage the use of solar water heaters in the residential sector throughout the country. As this policy has been implemented, over one hundred thousand solar water heaters have been installed on new homes and many people are beginning to encounter this technology for the first time. This policy has been successful in placing solar water heaters on the rooftops of new homes, but problems with how some of them are functioning threaten the long-term prospects of diffusion of the technology. The study shows that while solar water heaters have the potential to carry positive environmental and economic benefits at the household level, there are also many potential and actual scenarios in which the technology can have detrimental effects. Drawing on literature from the Diffusion of Innovations, the Social Construction of Technology, Actor-Network Theory, the Multi-Level Perspective on Technological Transitions, and Ecological Modernization Theory, this paper also seeks to contribute to the literature concerning the overall processes of socio-technical transitions. / text

This thesis investigates the impact of rural to urban migration on long-standing commons regimes in the Sierra Norte (northern highlands) of Oaxaca – the most biologically and culturally diverse state in Mexico. Since the second half of the twentieth century, local communities have been engaged with regional, national and international markets for wage labour, with many losing a significant percentage of their resident populations. The study shows how demographic and cultural change is impacting the two social institutions – cargos and tequios – that underpin the highly autonomous form of governance the region is famed for. The loss of able-bodied men and women has meant that these customary systems are struggling to remain operational. In response, a number of far-reaching changes have been introduced, including institutional adaptations and the forging of strong translocal ties that show potential for reducing the vulnerability of affected communities. However, while migration was temporary or circular for much of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, thus helping to maintain a balance between subsistence production and market engagement, a form of semi-permanent or permanent migration has come to dominate over the past decade and a half. This critical yet poorly recognised shift in migration dynamics has seen new and increased pressures emerge, and served to reduce the effectiveness of adaptive strategies at the community level. Within this context, the implications for commons theory are discussed, with two alternate frameworks (rational choice vs. moral economy) utilised to explain why institutions may persist, transform or fail in the face of change. In addition, a layer of complexity is added to the body of work examining the consequences of rural depopulation on Mexican forest landscapes and associated biological diversity. The study questions the assumption that rural to urban migration necessarily stimulates ecosystem recovery and enhances biodiversity conservation at a landscape scale. In fact, because of abandonment of a mosaic of use, the net effect may be an overall loss of biodiversity. From a policy perspective, the principal contributions of the study are especially pertinent at a time when funding agencies and government programs show belated interest in the consequences of out-migration for environmental management, resource use and rural livelihoods in tropical country settings.

This thesis investigates the impact of rural to urban migration on long-standing commons regimes in the Sierra Norte (northern highlands) of Oaxaca – the most biologically and culturally diverse state in Mexico. Since the second half of the twentieth century, local communities have been engaged with regional, national and international markets for wage labour, with many losing a significant percentage of their resident populations. The study shows how demographic and cultural change is impacting the two social institutions – cargos and tequios – that underpin the highly autonomous form of governance the region is famed for. The loss of able-bodied men and women has meant that these customary systems are struggling to remain operational. In response, a number of far-reaching changes have been introduced, including institutional adaptations and the forging of strong translocal ties that show potential for reducing the vulnerability of affected communities. However, while migration was temporary or circular for much of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, thus helping to maintain a balance between subsistence production and market engagement, a form of semi-permanent or permanent migration has come to dominate over the past decade and a half. This critical yet poorly recognised shift in migration dynamics has seen new and increased pressures emerge, and served to reduce the effectiveness of adaptive strategies at the community level. Within this context, the implications for commons theory are discussed, with two alternate frameworks (rational choice vs. moral economy) utilised to explain why institutions may persist, transform or fail in the face of change. In addition, a layer of complexity is added to the body of work examining the consequences of rural depopulation on Mexican forest landscapes and associated biological diversity. The study questions the assumption that rural to urban migration necessarily stimulates ecosystem recovery and enhances biodiversity conservation at a landscape scale. In fact, because of abandonment of a mosaic of use, the net effect may be an overall loss of biodiversity. From a policy perspective, the principal contributions of the study are especially pertinent at a time when funding agencies and government programs show belated interest in the consequences of out-migration for environmental management, resource use and rural livelihoods in tropical country settings.

Diss.--Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, [198?]. / Contient un choix de documents et un résumé en espagnol. Bibliogr. p. 245-252. Index.

85f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-03-13T14:19:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Urandi%20Freitasseg.pdf: 367597 bytes, checksum: 379c423d59414f475717843578df81aa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vania Magalhaes(magal@ufba.br) on 2013-03-14T12:24:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Urandi%20Freitasseg.pdf: 367597 bytes, checksum: 379c423d59414f475717843578df81aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-14T12:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Urandi%20Freitasseg.pdf: 367597 bytes, checksum: 379c423d59414f475717843578df81aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A presente dissertação tem como propósito avaliar o hiato de rendimentos provenientes do trabalho entre a Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) e a de Porto Alegre (RMPA), tomando como base os microdados da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (PED, 2006) . Para mensurar tal diferencial, estima-se, por meio de métodos econométricos, as equações de rendimentos do tipo minceriana, contendo informações de características produtivas e não produtivas de trabalhadores das duas regiões pesquisadas. A fim de tornar o trabalho mais consistente aplica-se o método de correção de viés de seletividade da amostra chamado de Procedimento de Heckman (1979), uma vez que o trabalho contempla apenas trabalhadores ocupados com rendimentos positivos. Para mensurar os possíveis diferenciais de rendimentos do trabalho procede-se ao método de decomposição de Oaxaca (1973). Os resultados apontaram a partir do modelo proposto, que a RMPA leva vantagem sobre a RMS em três categorias: homem, mulher e não branco, enquanto a RMS tira proveito apenas na categoria branco. Em todas as categorias, independente da região, o fator regionalização mostra-se mais forte que o fator atributo produtivo. / Salvador

This thesis provides evidence for patterned and pervasive ritual symbolism through use of animals and animal imagery in early Mesoamerican villages. I look at the faunal remains excavated from Early and Middle Formative (1350-850 B.C) domestic and ceremonial contexts at the Mixteca Alta site of Tayata, Oaxaca. I focus on the presence of exotic and locally available fauna including: domesticated dog, fish, turtle, small bird and nine-banded armadillo. By investigating the variable use of these animals in purposeful domestication, seasonal celebrations, autosacrifice, as musical instruments and in conjunction with building dedications, I highlight their importance to understanding broader patterns in the site as a whole. Specifically, I compare the presence of these animals at Tayata to other contemporary artifact assemblages, regional iconography, linguistic data, ethnographic descriptions and ethnohistoric accounts of Oaxaca and Mesoamerica. This investigation of ritual deposits within village-level societies provides a means to understand larger socio-political dynamics in this region. Based on the evidence provided, the use of animals in ritual activity at Tayata fits into larger spatial and temporal patterns of local and exotic faunal assemblages seen throughout Formative Mesoamerica. The importance of ritual activity is seen in the association of these animals within residential, ceremonial and elite deposits across multiple sites, indicating an increase in socio-political complexity as well as the presence of a Pan-Mesoamerican belief system during the Early and Middle Formative Periods. This study integrates faunal data within larger patterns of cultural activity including architectural style and zoomorphic figurines. Finally, this approach provides a more thorough understanding of the importance of looking at the context of all artifact types, even those which exist in small quantities, to form a broader perspective on a site or region.

ix, 127 p. : col. ill., col. maps / Community mediation programs exist to provide the general public a low cost and efficient way to resolve disputes peacefully. Community mediation is a voluntary process in which skilled mediators facilitate a conversation between the disputants, but do not advocate or impose solutions. I question whether community mediation practices, mediators and mediation programs are responsive to minority cultures. This thesis conceptualizes culturally appropriate dimensions to add to dispute resolution practices for a Latino demographic. Using a comparative analysis of community mediation programs in Oaxaca, Mexico and in Oregon, I highlight areas of departure from more traditional views of mediation. I argue that such programs will be more effective by incorporating practices grounded in the Latino cultural context of each region, including greater attention to group-oriented priorities within families, engaging in more personal contact with disputants, provision of childcare, enhancing efforts to attract Spanish-speaking mediators, and training mediators in intra-generational cultural competency. / Committee in charge: Anita M.Weiss, Chairperson; Tim Hicks, Member; Galen Martin, Member

Denna uppsats undersöker om det finns någon skillnad i kognitiva förmågor mellan kvinnor och män samt hur dessa förmågor värderas på arbetsmarknaden. Frågeställningen som ska besvaras är hur kognitiv förmåga påverkarsannolikhetenattvarasysselsatt,arbetslösocheji arbetskraften för kvinnor och män i Sverige respektive Tyskland. Metoden som används är multipel linjär regression med heteroskedastiska standardfel. För att se hur stor del av skillnaderna i sysselsättning som kan förklaras av att kvinnor och män har olika kognitiva förmågor används Blinder-Oaxaca dekomponering. Resultaten för Sverige visar att läs- och skrivkunnighet är viktigast för kvinnor medan räknefärdighet äravstörstbetydelseförmän.ITysklandärräknefärdighetviktigastförbägge könen. Gemensamt för länderna är att män har större sannolikhet att vara sysselsatta medan kvinnor oftare befinner sig utanför arbetskraften. Vad det gäller arbetslösheten är det ingen signifikant skillnad mellan könen i något av länderna. Blinder-Oaxaca dekomponeringen visar att det i båda länderna finns en skillnad i sysselsättning mellan könen som inte kan förklaras av olika förmåga.