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The right to obtain information is now an essential attribute of any democratic state serving as a tool for control of public authority. This right is not illimitable and alludes to a number of limitations. The aim of this paper is to take a closer look on some of these limitations. The paper consists of three chapters while its core is in the third chapter, which is divided into three subchapters. The topic of each subchapter is always different restriction on the right to obtain information. The first chapter deals with the very concept of the right to obtain information and mentions its historical ties to the freedom of speech. Ending of the first chapter is aboutlegal grounds of the right to obtain information in the Czech Republic. The second chapter is about general aspects of restrictions on the right to obtain information. Various constitutional and legal provisions on the possible restrictions on the right to obtain information are mentioned as well as some important decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The third chapter is divided into three subsections. Within each subsection, the paper focuses on the different limitation onthe right to obtain information. The aim of the first subchapter is to introduce the issue of providing information on the salaries of...

The purpose of the present study was fourfold: First, to understand pre-service counselors&rsquo / primary sources of sexuality information / second, to examine pre-service counselors&rsquo / perceived competence level of providing sexuality related information to their clients / third, to identify pre-service counselors&rsquo / need to obtain more information on sexuality related topics, and finally, to assess pre-service counselors&rsquo / attitudes toward sexuality. Demographic Data Form, Sexuality Information Form, and Turkish version of the Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Test for Adolescents (SKAT-A) - Attitude Section were used as the data collection instuments. The data were gathered from 552 undergraduate students, recruited from three State universities that offer Psychological Counseling and Guidance undergraduate program in Ankara, Turkey. The results of the study revealed that mothers and peers were cited as the primary sources by pre-service counselors. School/teacher, educational materials, and TV/movie were also mentioned as the important sources of information in relatively a few sexuality related topics. Moreover, female and male pre-service school counselors&rsquo / perceived competence level of providing information to their clients was higher among students who are about to finish their education compared to those who are at first or second year of his/her education in many sexuality topics. The findings also yielded that the majority of the females primarily need more information regarding sexual activities, whereas the majority of the males mainly need more information regarding society, culture, and sexuality. The results of MANOVA demonstrated that freshman and sophomore students reported more conservative masturbation, conventional morality, and homosexuality attitudes in comparison with either of the junior and senior students. Furthermore, female pre-service counselors held more liberal homosexuality attitudes than male pre-service counselors. The results indicated no significant differences with respect to gender and mother education as well as gender and father education of pre-service counselors and their masturbation, conventional morality, pornography, and homosexuality attitudes. Additionally, results showed that pre-service counselors who received previous sexuality education endorsed more liberal masturbation, conventional morality, and homosexuality attitudes as compared with pre-service counselors who did not receive any education.

This qualitative action research project examined the experiences of high school English language learners as they created personal weblogs and responded to queries on a class weblog. The data from the project demonstrates that blogging as a classroom writing activity is effective in helping students to obtain, process and construct the English language.

O termo de consentimento é um documento recomendado por declarações internacionais, códigos de ética, resoluções e leis específicas para ser usado na pratica cotidiana em saúde e na realização de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Atualmente, qualquer atuação na área da saúde requer o prévio consentimento dos pacientes ou seus responsáveis legais. OBJETIVO: avaliar o processo de obtenção do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE) quanto aos seus elementos de informação e de compreensão. Pacientes e Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal com familiares ou representantes legais de pacientes oncológicos pediátricos, que realizaram tratamento quimioterápico. Para a coleta de dados foi usado o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido habitualmente usado e montado um questionário para avaliar as informações recebidas. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos nesta amostra revelam a importância do processo de obtenção do consentimento informado como um todo. / The consent term is a document recommended by international declarations, codes of ethics, resolutions and specific laws, to be used in the routine practice of health professionals and researches involving human beings. Today, any act in the health area requires the previous consent of patients or their legal guardians. Objective: evaluate the process to obtain the free and clarified consent term (FCCT) regarding its information and understanding elements. Patients and Methods: An observational study of cross-sectional type, with relatives or legal guardians of pediatric oncology patients, who took the chemotherapy treatment. Data collection was based on habitually utilized free and clarified consent term and a questionnaire was elaborated to assess the received information. CONCLUSION: Data obtained with this sample show the importance of the process to obtain the informed consent as a whole.

O termo de consentimento é um documento recomendado por declarações internacionais, códigos de ética, resoluções e leis específicas para ser usado na pratica cotidiana em saúde e na realização de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Atualmente, qualquer atuação na área da saúde requer o prévio consentimento dos pacientes ou seus responsáveis legais. OBJETIVO: avaliar o processo de obtenção do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE) quanto aos seus elementos de informação e de compreensão. Pacientes e Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal com familiares ou representantes legais de pacientes oncológicos pediátricos, que realizaram tratamento quimioterápico. Para a coleta de dados foi usado o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido habitualmente usado e montado um questionário para avaliar as informações recebidas. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos nesta amostra revelam a importância do processo de obtenção do consentimento informado como um todo. / The consent term is a document recommended by international declarations, codes of ethics, resolutions and specific laws, to be used in the routine practice of health professionals and researches involving human beings. Today, any act in the health area requires the previous consent of patients or their legal guardians. Objective: evaluate the process to obtain the free and clarified consent term (FCCT) regarding its information and understanding elements. Patients and Methods: An observational study of cross-sectional type, with relatives or legal guardians of pediatric oncology patients, who took the chemotherapy treatment. Data collection was based on habitually utilized free and clarified consent term and a questionnaire was elaborated to assess the received information. CONCLUSION: Data obtained with this sample show the importance of the process to obtain the informed consent as a whole.

O termo de consentimento é um documento recomendado por declarações internacionais, códigos de ética, resoluções e leis específicas para ser usado na pratica cotidiana em saúde e na realização de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Atualmente, qualquer atuação na área da saúde requer o prévio consentimento dos pacientes ou seus responsáveis legais. OBJETIVO: avaliar o processo de obtenção do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE) quanto aos seus elementos de informação e de compreensão. Pacientes e Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal com familiares ou representantes legais de pacientes oncológicos pediátricos, que realizaram tratamento quimioterápico. Para a coleta de dados foi usado o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido habitualmente usado e montado um questionário para avaliar as informações recebidas. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos nesta amostra revelam a importância do processo de obtenção do consentimento informado como um todo. / The consent term is a document recommended by international declarations, codes of ethics, resolutions and specific laws, to be used in the routine practice of health professionals and researches involving human beings. Today, any act in the health area requires the previous consent of patients or their legal guardians. Objective: evaluate the process to obtain the free and clarified consent term (FCCT) regarding its information and understanding elements. Patients and Methods: An observational study of cross-sectional type, with relatives or legal guardians of pediatric oncology patients, who took the chemotherapy treatment. Data collection was based on habitually utilized free and clarified consent term and a questionnaire was elaborated to assess the received information. CONCLUSION: Data obtained with this sample show the importance of the process to obtain the informed consent as a whole.

Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes is both physical and psychological for women. A lot of women is lacking knowledge about living with gestational diabetes. The incidence of gestational diabetes in the year of 2016 is 1,6 % of all pregnancies in Sweden and the incidence is increasing. Aim: To describe women´s experience of developed gestational diabetes and living with it. Method: A qualitative method with inductive approach and based on four individual interviews has been done. Data were analysed by latent content analysis. Findings: All women were satisfied about the care they have got. Lack of knowledge about the connection between pregnancy and gestational diabetes perceived from the midwife, but the nurse of diabetes perceived to have knowledge. The information of gestational diabetes was associated with shock, fear and shameless. Almost all women experience dietary changes and increased demands physical activity as demanding which meant a limitation for the women, but the lifestyle of changes led to a healthier life and it`s become estimated positive. To avoid insulin treatment during pregnancy was a goal which turned out to be a positive drift. Conclusion: The results of the study can contribute to increased knowledge about the woman's experience of developing gestational diabetes. Increased knowledge about gestational diabetes alleviates will relieves worry fort the woman and all the support from the surrounding people to the women and also the health professionals is very important for the women`s feel good during the pregnancy with gestational diabetes.

Less than 30% of Black business owners successfully obtain small business loans to sustain their businesses longer than 5 years when compared to evidence that shows that more than 65% of White small business owners obtain small business loans to sustain their businesses longer than 5 years. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the experiences of 3 Black owners of small businesses who successfully obtained small business loans and maintained operations longer than 5 years in the Research Triangle Park area of North Carolina. The conceptual framework for this study was systems theory and contingency theory. The data collection process consisted of conducting face-to-face semistructured interviews with open-ended questions and a review of documents associated with the small business owners’ attempts to remain in business longer than 5 years. Data were analyzed using the modified van Kaam method, transcribing the interview recordings, and coding the data to identify relevant themes. Two primary themes emerged regarding successful strategies for obtaining small business loans: create an effective business plan, and research and prepare for the process of procuring a loan. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to provide Black owners of small businesses with strategies for obtaining small business loans and achieving sustainability of operations. Business success for Black owners of small businesses might contribute to the economic prosperity of the local communities.

En av de mest politiskt omdebatterade frågorna i världen idag är hur ett land ska ställa sig till de migranter och människor på flykt som söker skydd inom landets gränser. Även inom juridiken finns olika uppfattningar av vad rätten till asyl verkligen innebär. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att analysera rätten till asyl i internationell rätt. Är rätten till asyl en territoriell rätt för stater att bevilja asyl? Är det en rätt för flyktingar att söka asyl? Eller en rätt för flyktingar att erhålla asyl? Huruvida rätten har statusen sedvanerätt diskuteras också. I en del av uppsatsen diskuteras de etiska övervägandena bakom rätten till asyl och de tillämpas sedan i en juridisk kontext, närmare bestämt i sedvanebedömningen. Slutsatsen är att rätten till asyl i internationell rätt inkluderar en rätt för stater att bevilja asyl, en rätt för individer att söka asyl och sannolikt också en rätt för flyktingar att erhålla asyl. Mycket talar för att alla dessa aspekter också har utvecklats till sedvanerätt. / One of the most politically debated questions in the world today is how a country should respond to migrants and people who seek refugee within it’s borders. Also in the field of law there are different view about what the right of asylum really means. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the right of asylum in international law. Is the right of asylum a territorial right of states to grant asylum? Is it a right for refugees to seek asylum? Or a right for refugees to receive asylum? Wheater or not the right has the status of customary international law will also be discussed. In one part of the paper the ethical concerns behind the right of asylum will be examined and also applied in a legal context, in the determination of the customary status of the rigt. The conclusion is that the right of asylum in international law includes a territorial right for states to grant asylum, a right for individuals to seek asylum and probably also a right to obtain asylum. All these aspects of the right also seems to be part of customary international law.