A dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2006. / The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of hand and wrist pain, as well as the relationships between occupational overuse syndromes in the hands and wrists of chiropractors in South Africa as a result of their daily use of manual therapy techniques while at work. There are very few statistics available that disclose the nature and incidence of work related injuries. However those statistics that do exist suggest that hands on patient activities place physical therapists at greater risk of injury in comparison to other health care workers (Lunne et al., 2000). A study conducted by Bork et al.(1996) determined the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal injuries sustained by physical therapists. Hand pain (29.6%) and back pain (45%) where the leading cause of pain in physical therapists (Bork et al., 1996.) Chiropractic and physiotherapy are both health care professions that specialize in the treatment of disorders pertaining to the neuro-musculo-skeletal system (Hunter, 2004). Physical therapists use manual therapy techniques as part of their daily working activities, so it can be assumed that chiropractors too will have a high prevalence of hand and wrist pain as they utilize similar therapeutic techniques to physical therapists. Cromie et al.(2000) evaluated the prevalence, severity, risks, and responses of disorders in physical therapists. He identified 4 categories of major risk factors commonly associated with workers musculo-skeletal disorders in physical therapists 1. Risk factors related to specific activities. 2. Postural risk factors. 3. Risk factors with regard to work load issues 4. Risk factors in regard of work capacity and health of the participant (Cromie et al., 2000). Physical risk factors found to be associated with neck, shoulder, or hand and wrist disorders in cross sectional studies are heavy lifting, monotonous work, static work postures, vibrations and repetitive jobs, and a high work pace (Alfredsson et al., 1999). Other factors that have been associated with musculoskeletal pain are higher age and female gender (de Zwart et al., 2001; Wahlstedt et al., 2001; Feveile et al., 2002). / M

Thesis (M.M. (Public and Development Management))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits School of Governance, 2016. / The political and constitutional changes in South Africa brought about fundamental features through the transformation agenda in the public service. Of primary importance is that the South African political transformation processes have been characterised by a culture of transparency, participation and accountability. These values are in direct contrast to what presently obtains in the Department of Health’s exmineworker compensation system. Within this context it emerged as a concern that that the system of governance that managed the compensation system was not responsive to the needs of ex-mineworkers. Ex-mineworkers experienced serious delays in time before accessing government compensation. There were claimants that were deceased whilst awaiting an outcome of their applications for compensation. The enormity and complexity of the system was underestimated by government departments. Legal firms and related professionals handling the cases of ex-mineworkers earned more than £1.3-billion in fees for taking up the cases of claimants. The costs of administration in the handling of claims surpassed the actual amounts paid out to claimants eventually. At the centre of the civil service management in South Africa, was the Department of Public Service and Administration. It was here that policies on governance were developed. The Department of Public Service and Administration was responsible for the establishment of norms and standards for the entire Public Service. Under the auspices of this centralised function, service delivery mechanisms were ensured, there was access to integrated systems, the framework for human resources management was developed, and in the development of policies focus was given to the needs of the citizens. ii The purpose of this study was to explore reasons for the low compensation uptake, and to examine systems and inform changes that would allow exmineworkers in the Eastern Cape, Oliver Tambo District to better manage their access to government compensation. The mining industry plays a significant role in the South African economy long after the discovery of gold in 1886. With little evidence of policy and legislative reform, and after 22 years into South Africa’s democracy, the scourge of failing respiratory health amongst ex-mineworkers has not decreased. miners face an epidemic of occupational lung disease. The challenge of tracking and tracing ex-miners to capacitate them on their rights and benefits of compensation, owed and owing to them, forms the basis of this study. The governance of the system of compensation for ex-miners is not bringing the large numbers closer to easy access. Whilst the challenges may well be present, this study is intended to raise awareness of the problem, investigate the cause/s and offer recommendations that will provide relief to a population in South Africa that could be seemingly lost if not told of what benefits are available to themselves (if alive) and nominated beneficiaries (in the case of those who are deceased). This study was concerned with gaining a better understanding of why exmineworkers in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were not accessing their compensation benefits, rather than to measure certain outputs and outcomes. It was primarily interested in gaining an in-depth understanding of how information is being disseminated and how it is being influenced by different variables. A qualitative approach was chosen in order to portray the detailed understanding and specific dynamics experienced by ex-mineworkers in accessing compensation benefits from the Department of Health. iii The importance of good governance in improving service delivery was explained and spoke to what constituted good governance, the importance of proper planning during periods of transition and why governance should be a continuous activity as well as the importance of planning in public institutions. In this study, the need for good governance to improve service delivery, were identified, with specific reference to those aspects of good governance that could better equip the ex-mineworkers in the Eastern Cape to better understand the compensation and in so doing would guide the research process. / GR2018

Student Number : 0213468X - MPh dissertation - School of Public Health - Faculty of Health Sciences / Background: Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is increasingly being regarded as one of the most important Occupational diseases, especially in the mining industry. As most mining houses have put systems in place to try and control this problem it remains to be seen if existing controls are effective in achieving the intended objective of preventing hearing loss. This study was conducted in one of the big South African Diamond mines, which has a well resourced Hearing Conservation Program. Objectives: This study was conducted with the purpose of establishing if there has been additional incidence of NIHL in noise exposed workers during the observation period of five years. The other objective of this study was to determine the effect of age. Study design and method: The population in this study was made up of permanent employees of the mine. They were divided into low risk and high risk groups according to the noise/acoustic zoning of their work areas by the mine’s Occupation Hygiene Section, with the low exposure group acting as the control group. A retrospective record review was done using the Occupational Health records in the mine’s Occupational Health Centre. The period of observation spanned 1 January 1999 – 31 December 2004 (inclusive). Trends of the collated data were used to compare the two exposure groups with regard to the various outcomes that are commonly associated with hazardous noise exposure. Results: The outcomes that were analyzed in this study were: Incidence Rates for NIHL, Notching and Down-sloping. All these were observed to have occurred more among the exposed group during the period of observation. The incidence rates, in particular, were found to 92.8 per thousand person years in the high exposure group and 52.3 per thousand person years in the low exposure group. The statistical test that was used was the z-test and the results were z=5.844 with a p<0.05. Having decided on a significance level of 5% for the statistical test, this result was found to be statistically significant. This can be regarded as some proof that the exposed group had a worse outcome than their non-exposed counterparts. Another observation that was made was that the incidence of NIHL was proportionately higher among the older study subjects. Conclusion: Since the exposed group of workers was found to show statistically significant incidence of NIHL compared to the low exposure group it shows that the current Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) that is employed by the mine is not effective in preventing NIHL. However there were some limitations in the study design that preclude generalization of these results. Therefore a recommendation was made for a prospective cohort study to address these limitations.

A prática odontológica predispõe seus profissionais a desenvolverem doenças do sistema osteomuscular, levando a incapacitação se não forem adotados princípios de ergonomia. A prevenção é o meio mais importante para evitar o aparecimento de Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT), e quando empregada com eficiência, proporciona uma melhora geral nas algias e atividades da vida diária dos cirurgiões dentistas, melhorando assim a qualidade de vida destes. Essa pesquisa consistiu em investigar as possíveis lesões que acometem os graduandos do Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru (FOBUSP) e suas relações com a atividade laboral, avaliando o impacto que essas possíveis lesões causam na qualidade de vida dos alunos, contribuindo para o entendimento das questões relacionadas ao trabalho do cirurgião dentista, por meio da elaboração de um manual de orientações para prevenção de DORT através de um programa de ginástica laboral. Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal de caráter descritivo em uma amostra de conveniência com 183 alunos de graduação dos 1o, 2o, 3o e 4o anos do Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, FOB/USP. Foi utilizado o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares, que padroniza a mensuração dos relatos de sintomas Osteomusculares. Este questionário não indica o diagnóstico clínico, mas identifica os distúrbios osteomusculares no posto de trabalho. Foi também utilizado o Questionário de Qualidade de vida WHOQOL-BREF que avalia a qualidade de vida no trabalho. Tal questionário foi utilizado somente para correlacionar as regiões com dor, desconforto ou dormência do questionário Nórdico com as questões do questionário WHOQOL-BREF. Do total de 183 alunos de graduação 70,49% são do gênero feminino e 29,51% do gênero masculino. Foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas para as regiões acometidas, dados demográficos e atividades laborais exercidas, considerando também as possíveis associações entre as regiões afetadas com a faixa etária dos alunos. Foram realizadas também, a comparação entre os 4 grupos (1o, 2o, 3o e 4o anos) através do teste estatístico de Kruskal-Wallis, a comparação entre 2 grupos por meio do teste de Mann Whitney, uma checagem se o sintoma de DORT referido está relacionado com a atividade laboral que exerce. Também foi testado se a dor, desconforto ou dormência interferem naprática de esportes, lazer e atendimento na clínica de odontologia por meio do teste T. Na população estudada, verificou-se que as queixas de dor, desconforto ou dormência se concentraram com maior percentual na região cervical com 76,50%, seguida pela região lombar com 73,22%, afetando também outras regiões. Estapesquisa também demonstrou uma significância estatística nos casos de dor, desconforto e dormência para a região de pescoço e cervical (p= 0,028), ombros (p= 0,004), punhos, mãos e dedos (p= 0,0028) que parecem aumentar com relação ao aumento dos anos de graduação. Apesar dos outros casos não apresentarem significância estatística há uma tendência de piora para dor, desconforto e dormência. Conclui-se neste estudo que a frequência dos relatos de sintomas dos Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT) já estão presentes nos alunos de graduação e parece aumentar conforme o ano de graduação é mais avançado. / The dental practice predisposes its professionals to develop diseases of the musculoskeletal system, leading to disability if ergonomic principles are not adopted. Prevention is the most important way to prevent the onset of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), and when effectively used, provides a general improvement in the pains of daily life and activities of dentists, thus improving their quality of life. This research aimed to investigate the possible injuries that affect the graduating students of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru (FOB-USP), their relationship with labor activity, assessing the possible impact that these injuries have on the quality of life of undergraduate students, contributing to the understanding of issues related to the work of the dentists through the preparation of a manual of guidelines for the prevention of MSDs through a Labor Gymnastics Program. An observational cross-sectional descriptive character in a convenience sample of 183 undergraduate students of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years of the School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, FOB / USP was conducted. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used, which standardizes the measurement of reports of musculoskeletal symptoms. This questionnaire does not indicate the clinical diagnosis, but identifies musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace. The Quality of Life WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire was also used. It evaluates the quality of work life, being used only to correlate the regions in pain, discomfort or numbness of the Nordic questionnaire with the questions of the WHOQOL-BREF. Of the total of 183 undergraduates 70.49% are female and 29.51% male. The absolute and relative frequencies for the affected regions, demographics and work activities performed, were calculated, considering also the possible associations between affected regions with the age of the undergraduate students. A comparison between the 4 groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year) by the statistical test of Kruskal-Wallis was also carried out, along with a comparison between two groups using the Mann Whitney, a checking if the symptoms of MSDs were related to workactivity exercising; It was also tested if pain, discomfort or numbness interfere with sports, leisure and care in clinical dentistry through the test T. It was found that complaints of pain, discomfort or numbness concentrated with the highest percentage in the cervical region with 76.50%, followed by the lumbar region with 73.22%, also affecting other regions of the studied population. This research also showed a statistical significance in cases of pain, discomfort and numbness for neck and cervical region (p = 0.028), shoulder (p = 0.004), wrists, hands and fingers (p = 0.0028) that appear to increase along with the udergraduate years. Although other cases do not show statistical significance, there is a tendency for the worsening of pain, discomfort and numbness. It is concluded from this study that the frequency of reports of symptoms of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are already present in undergraduate and seems to increase as the year of graduation is more advanced.

INTRODUÇÃO: Desde 1930, quando o primeiro caso de sensibilização alérgica a um veneno ofídico foi descrito na literatura, os venenos de todas as principais famílias de serpentes têm sido implicados como causadores de reações alérgicas. O desenvolvimento deste tipo de hipersensibilidade tem sido descrito após recorrentes exposições aos venenos através de picadas e, presumivelmente, de repetidas inalações ou contato desses venenos com a pele ou membranas mucosas. Esta condição tem sido observada entre os profissionais que manuseiam as serpentes e/ou os seus venenos. Entretanto, pouco se conhece a respeito da prevalência dessa doença entre esses trabalhadores, seus determinantes, e natureza molecular dos alérgenos envolvidos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a prevalência da alergia ao veneno de Bothrops jararaca, apontando os fatores preditores para o seu desenvolvimento, entre trabalhadores expostos à serpente e/ou ao seu veneno, e demonstrar o envolvimento de um mecanismo IgE-mediado neste tipo de doença ocupacional. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e sete herpetologistas de um instituto de pesquisa, expostos à serpente Bothrops jararaca e/ou ao seu veneno, foram submetidos a um questionário e a testes imunológicos, para avaliar a presença de alergia ao veneno. A sensibilização ao veneno foi determinada pela quantificação de anticorpos da classe IgG e IgE, específicos ao veneno de Bothrops jararaca, através dos testes sorológicos ImmunoCAP e ELISA. Os alérgenos foram caracterizados através de Western blotting e de ensaios de inibição do ImmunoCAP. RESULTADOS: Doze dos 67 trabalhadores reportaram sintomas alérgicos variando desde urticária, rinoconjuntivite e asma, até anafilaxia. Sete indivíduos apresentaram anticorpos IgE específicos ao veneno de Bothrops jararaca (prevalência = 10,4%). Destes, seis apresentavam sintomas clássicos de reações alérgicas IgE-mediadas, quando expostos ao veneno botrópico. A presença de anticorpos IgG específicos também foi observada nos indivíduos com sensibilização alérgica ao veneno. O nível sérico elevado de IgE total (p=0,034), o tempo de exposição ocupacional (p=0,042), o manuseio de veneno em pó (p=0,014) e, possívelmente, a história pessoal de atopia (p=0,051), se constituíram em fatores preditores associados à sensibilização. Um componente do veneno de aproximadamente 32 kDa, que apresentou intensa ligação à IgE sérica de dois trabalhadores sensibilizados, pode ser um dos alérgenos principais desse veneno. Os ensaios de inibição do ImmunoCAP sugeriram a possibilidade de reações cruzadas ente os venenos de Bothrops jararaca e Crotalus durissus durissus. CONCLUSÕES: O veneno de Bothrops jararaca pode ser considerado uma importante fonte de alérgenos responsável pelo desenvolvimento de alergia ocupacional em trabalhadores que manuseiam as serpentes e/ou os seus venenos, através de mecanismo IgE-mediado. A prevalência da sensibilização alérgica a este veneno, neste grupo de trabalhadores, é da ordem de 10,4%, e o nível sérico elevado de IgE total, o tempo de exposição à serpente ou ao seu veneno, o manuseio do veneno em pó e, possívelmente, a história pessoal de atopia, são importantes fatores preditores. / BACKGROUND: Allergic sensitization to snake venom was first reported in 1930 and since that time, venoms from the major snake families have been implicated as cause of allergic reactions. The development of hypersensitivity to snake venom has been described after recurrent exposure through bites and, presumably, through repeated inhalations or repeated contact of the venom with skin or mucous membranes. This condition has been observed in amateur and professional snake handlers. However, only limited information is available on the prevalence of the disease among those workers, their determinants and the molecular nature of these allergens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the predictors of snake venom allergy among workers exposed to Bothrops jararaca venom and to demonstrate the involvement of IgE-mediated mechanisms in this occupational disease. METHODS: Sixty seven workers exposed to Bothrops jararaca snakes and/or their venoms in a research institute were assessed for snake venom-related allergy using questionnaires and immunological tests. Presence of snake venom sensitization was determined by quantification of specific IgE and IgG to Bothrops jararaca venom using the UniCAP® system and ELISA. Allergens were characterized by Western blotting and ImmunoCAP inhibition assays. RESULTS: Twelve of the 67 workers experienced symptoms ranging from urticaria, rhinoconjuctivitis and asthma to anaphylaxis. Seven individuals had specific IgE antibodies to Bothrops jararaca snake venom (prevalence = 10,4%). Six of them had typical symptoms of an IgE-mediated allergic reaction when exposed to Bothrops venom. Specific IgG antibodies could also be observed in sensitized individuals. High levels of total IgE (p=0,034), exposure level (p=0,042), handling of dried venom (p=0,014) and personal history of atopy (p=0,051) could be demonstrated as predictors for sensitization. A component of approximately 32 kDa which strongly bound to specific-IgE may be the major allergen present in this venom. Cross-reactivity between Bothrops jararaca snake venom and Crotalus durissus durissus snake venom was demonstrated using ImmunoCAP inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Bothrops jararaca snake venom can be considered a potential source of allergens which may result in occupational allergy in snake handlers though IgE-mediated mechanisms. The prevalence rate of this condition is 10,4% among these workers and the handling of dried venom, high levels of total IgE, exposure level and probably personal history of atopy are important predictors.

Thesis (MTech (Omgewingsgesondheid))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / Occupational related diseases (ORD) which result in permanent disability are compensable in South Africa. During the 2005/6 – 2007/8 financial years compensation for ORD’s totalled approximately R200 million per annum of which this study indicated, R92 milllion on average possibly related to hearing loss. This expense must surely result in negative financial consequences for both the South African government and employers. The manner in which compensation for hearing loss relating to the work place, is to be determined, was changed by Instruction 171 published in the Government Gazette dated 16 November 2001. A baseline audiogram is required for every employee who enters a noise zone during the course of employ and Instruction 171 specified that the percentage hearing loss has to be used to determine this baseline audiogram. A baseline audiogram, which is valid for the total working career of an employee, is used to monitor the hearing status of employees for purposes of possible future compensation. It consequently serves as a reference point from which hearing threshold shifts (HTS) are determined. The significance of the accuracy of this test is thus evident.Prior to the implementation of Instruction 171, various audiometric measuring tools were, in accordance with South African Standards, used in industry for purposes of hearing conservation. These measuring tools referred to above were used for various purposes which included, the determination of; compensable HL, the need for diagnostic procedures, when HL had to be reported to the Department of Labour as “an incident” and the efficiency of a hearing conservation program. With implementation of Instruction 171, these various measuring tools were reduced to a single tool namely the PLH.Naturally the accuracy of PLH determination is also important to employees as it may affect possible compensation of an individual’s hearing loss. Considering the significance of baseline audiograms for purposes of compensation, the following questions arose in this study; (i) does PLH, in its current format, measure the hearing threshold (HT) sufficiently accurately to (a) establish the baseline audiogram, (b) monitor HL for purposes of compensation, and (ii) is the PLH, as currently determined, suitable to identify further diagnostic procedures for purposes of hearing conservation?A more accurate PHL calculation procedure would be to the advantage of all parties concerned. A database which included baseline audiograms of 1101 respondents was studied to determine if the PLH, in its current format, was suitable to comply with the needs pertaining to industrial audiometry. The respondents were employees working in noise zones at various industries, located in the Western Cape and were all tested in accordance with South African audiometry standards.The current PLH determination procedure was studied and current audiometry baseline test results were reconstructed in a manner to calculate an alternative PLH. This reconstructed PLH was consequently used to determine a new B-baseline audiogram. StatSoft Statistica, software was used to statistically compare the current baseline audiogram with the B-baseline audiogram. The study revealed that the B-baseline audiogram succeeded to on average produce a 17% improvement (more accurate) in the determination of the PLH. The PLH of the B-baseline audiogram can thus be regarded as more representative of the true HT of employees.Based on the results of this study it is recommended that the current determination of the PLH used to establish the baseline, be amended. The proposed amendment (B-baseline audiogram) still uses the HT of the two tests done in accordance with Instruction 171 and no amendment of the test procedure is thus required. As the PLH of the baseline and the diagnostic baseline audiogram is currently used for compensation purposes, it is recommended that the B-baseline method be used for both the baseline and diagnostic baseline audiograms.

Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2004 / AIM &; OBJECTIVES: a) To quantify human vibration exposnres among the various similar occupational groups present on the mine, b) To determine the degree of vibration risk posed onto the mineworkers and c) To recommend and implement a sustainable human vibration management control progranune. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was carried out on 135 mine workers employed in various similar occupational groups at Rossing Uranium mine, Namibia Data acquisition originated from a multi-stage proportionally stratified random sampling technique. An approved Human Vibration measuring instrument was utilized to measure Hand-arm and Wholebcdy vibration exposure levels [Aeq (m/s2 )] prevalent among the similar exposure groups. A structured questionnaire, developed specifically for the actual work environment enabled the collection of information such as work history, type of vibration exposure, exposure duration and vibration symptoms. Furthermore, group specific results [A(8)] were computed by means of the latest internationally accepted Health & Safety Executive Vibration calculators. In addition, statistical analyses were performed in order to establish the occupational groups that are at increased risk for the development of hand-arm and wholebody vibration induced health disorders.

A perícia é uma ferramenta utilizada pelo sistema judiciário para que informações técnicas adicionais ou de melhor acurácia sejam apuradas e possam assim auxiliar na tomada de decisão sentencial. O presente estudo tem a proposta de analisar laudos de jurisprudências da justiça do trabalho visando determinar quão importante a perícia médica/odontológica tem sido para tomada de decisão pelo juiz. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e analítico no qual foi realizado levantamento dos dados por meio de análise documental. Setenta e dois processos de ações trabalhistas foram avaliados e a seleção foi realizada eliminando-se as ementas repetidas e ações por dissídios coletivos resultando em 38 processos no período entre 1996 a 2014. As variáveis DORT como consequência do dano (p=0,1723), Perícia do tipo médica/odontológica (p=0,1504) e Perícia do tipo Técnica (p=0,1975) foram habilitadas para elaboração de modelo ajustado com emprego de regressão logística múltipla, método backward, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. As variáveis Perícia do tipo Médica (OR= 14,5319; IC 95%= 2,3263 a 90,7780) e DORT como consequência do dano (OR= 7,8989; IC 95%= 1,2755 a 48,9151) permaneceram no modelo ajustado final, revelando que a chance do juiz necessitar de perícia é 14 vezes maior quando esta é do tipo médica/odontológica e quando o dano sofrido envolve DORT, há 7,89 vezes mais chances de o juiz acatar a perícia. A análise do modelo ajustado com emprego da Curva ROC revelou ser muito boa sua capacidade preditiva (AUC=0,8661; SE=0,06194; IC 95%= 0,7163 a 0,9545). A perícia médica/odontológica possui alta relevância em ações trabalhistas, caracterizando-se como uma prova fundamental para a tomada de decisão pelos magistrados. / Expertise is a tool used by the judiciary for additional technical information or better accuracy can be cleared and can be assist in making decision sentence. This study is the proposal to examine case law reports of the labor courts in order to determine how important the medical/dental expertise has been for decision making by the judge. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study that was conducted through the data of document analysis. Seventy-two cases of labor claims have been assessed and the selection was carried out eliminating the repeated menus and actions for collective bargaining resulting in 38 cases from 1996 to 2014. The variables \"WRMD as a result of damage\" (p=0,1723), \"Medical/dental Expertise\" (p=0.1504) and \"Technical Expertise\" (p=0.1975) were able to elaborate adjusted model with the use of multiple logistic regression, backward method, with 95% confidence interval. The variable Medical Expertise\"(OR= 14,5319; IC 95%= 2,3263 to 90,7780) and \"WRMD as a result of damage\" (OR= 7,8989; IC 95%= 1,2755 to 48,9151) remained in the final model adjusted, revealing that the chance of the judge require expertise is 14 times more than when it is the medical /dental type and when the damage suffered involves WRMD there is 7,89 times more chance to the judge accept expertise. The analysis of the adjusted model with use of ROC curve was found to be very good its predictive capacity (AUC= 0,8661; SE= 0,06194; IC 95%= 0,7163 to 0,9545). The medical/dental expertise is of high relevance to labor actions, characterized as a essential proof for decision making by judges.

A prática odontológica predispõe seus profissionais a desenvolverem doenças do sistema osteomuscular, levando a incapacitação se não forem adotados princípios de ergonomia. A prevenção é o meio mais importante para evitar o aparecimento de Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT), e quando empregada com eficiência, proporciona uma melhora geral nas algias e atividades da vida diária dos cirurgiões dentistas, melhorando assim a qualidade de vida destes. Essa pesquisa consistiu em investigar as possíveis lesões que acometem os graduandos do Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru (FOBUSP) e suas relações com a atividade laboral, avaliando o impacto que essas possíveis lesões causam na qualidade de vida dos alunos, contribuindo para o entendimento das questões relacionadas ao trabalho do cirurgião dentista, por meio da elaboração de um manual de orientações para prevenção de DORT através de um programa de ginástica laboral. Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal de caráter descritivo em uma amostra de conveniência com 183 alunos de graduação dos 1o, 2o, 3o e 4o anos do Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, FOB/USP. Foi utilizado o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares, que padroniza a mensuração dos relatos de sintomas Osteomusculares. Este questionário não indica o diagnóstico clínico, mas identifica os distúrbios osteomusculares no posto de trabalho. Foi também utilizado o Questionário de Qualidade de vida WHOQOL-BREF que avalia a qualidade de vida no trabalho. Tal questionário foi utilizado somente para correlacionar as regiões com dor, desconforto ou dormência do questionário Nórdico com as questões do questionário WHOQOL-BREF. Do total de 183 alunos de graduação 70,49% são do gênero feminino e 29,51% do gênero masculino. Foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas para as regiões acometidas, dados demográficos e atividades laborais exercidas, considerando também as possíveis associações entre as regiões afetadas com a faixa etária dos alunos. Foram realizadas também, a comparação entre os 4 grupos (1o, 2o, 3o e 4o anos) através do teste estatístico de Kruskal-Wallis, a comparação entre 2 grupos por meio do teste de Mann Whitney, uma checagem se o sintoma de DORT referido está relacionado com a atividade laboral que exerce. Também foi testado se a dor, desconforto ou dormência interferem naprática de esportes, lazer e atendimento na clínica de odontologia por meio do teste T. Na população estudada, verificou-se que as queixas de dor, desconforto ou dormência se concentraram com maior percentual na região cervical com 76,50%, seguida pela região lombar com 73,22%, afetando também outras regiões. Estapesquisa também demonstrou uma significância estatística nos casos de dor, desconforto e dormência para a região de pescoço e cervical (p= 0,028), ombros (p= 0,004), punhos, mãos e dedos (p= 0,0028) que parecem aumentar com relação ao aumento dos anos de graduação. Apesar dos outros casos não apresentarem significância estatística há uma tendência de piora para dor, desconforto e dormência. Conclui-se neste estudo que a frequência dos relatos de sintomas dos Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT) já estão presentes nos alunos de graduação e parece aumentar conforme o ano de graduação é mais avançado. / The dental practice predisposes its professionals to develop diseases of the musculoskeletal system, leading to disability if ergonomic principles are not adopted. Prevention is the most important way to prevent the onset of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), and when effectively used, provides a general improvement in the pains of daily life and activities of dentists, thus improving their quality of life. This research aimed to investigate the possible injuries that affect the graduating students of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru (FOB-USP), their relationship with labor activity, assessing the possible impact that these injuries have on the quality of life of undergraduate students, contributing to the understanding of issues related to the work of the dentists through the preparation of a manual of guidelines for the prevention of MSDs through a Labor Gymnastics Program. An observational cross-sectional descriptive character in a convenience sample of 183 undergraduate students of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years of the School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, FOB / USP was conducted. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used, which standardizes the measurement of reports of musculoskeletal symptoms. This questionnaire does not indicate the clinical diagnosis, but identifies musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace. The Quality of Life WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire was also used. It evaluates the quality of work life, being used only to correlate the regions in pain, discomfort or numbness of the Nordic questionnaire with the questions of the WHOQOL-BREF. Of the total of 183 undergraduates 70.49% are female and 29.51% male. The absolute and relative frequencies for the affected regions, demographics and work activities performed, were calculated, considering also the possible associations between affected regions with the age of the undergraduate students. A comparison between the 4 groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year) by the statistical test of Kruskal-Wallis was also carried out, along with a comparison between two groups using the Mann Whitney, a checking if the symptoms of MSDs were related to workactivity exercising; It was also tested if pain, discomfort or numbness interfere with sports, leisure and care in clinical dentistry through the test T. It was found that complaints of pain, discomfort or numbness concentrated with the highest percentage in the cervical region with 76.50%, followed by the lumbar region with 73.22%, also affecting other regions of the studied population. This research also showed a statistical significance in cases of pain, discomfort and numbness for neck and cervical region (p = 0.028), shoulder (p = 0.004), wrists, hands and fingers (p = 0.0028) that appear to increase along with the udergraduate years. Although other cases do not show statistical significance, there is a tendency for the worsening of pain, discomfort and numbness. It is concluded from this study that the frequency of reports of symptoms of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are already present in undergraduate and seems to increase as the year of graduation is more advanced.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T13:07:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleize Ediani Silva dos Santos.pdf: 1688952 bytes, checksum: fbc2db6004c433a6be9daddf0d1d7f11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleize Ediani Silva dos Santos.pdf: 1688952 bytes, checksum: fbc2db6004c433a6be9daddf0d1d7f11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / The working conditions to which the nursing professionals are subjected and / or exposed daily in the performance of their duties interfere in their personal and professional development. The objective of this study was to analyze the occupational risks to which nursing professionals are exposed, in an Adult Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in Imperatriz - MA. This is a descriptive, analytical, exploratory and bibliographical study, carried out with 37 ICU nurses, 11 nurses and 26 nursing technicians. A questionnaire with 15 questions and a validated questionnaire, proposed in the Boix and Vogel Workplace Risk Assessment Guide, were used to collect data between August and September 2016. The results showed that nurses are younger, with shorter service hours, but better paid than technicians. Both know the environmental risks and suffer from stress, spine problems, muscle fatigue and fatigue, related to work. Regarding working conditions, both work 12 hours a day, but with different rest periods. Both use PPE; However, technicians suffer more accidents with sharps. In the evaluation of the work place and facilities, it was verified that there is no safety in the mechanical journeys and that there are inadequate electrical installations; In machines, tools and technologies there is a risk of accidents due to blows, entrainment or cuts; Substances and materials, there is a lack of safety in the transport and / or storage of substances and risk by inhalation; In ergonomic factors, there is inadequate furniture and prolonged stay in the same posture; In the factors of work organization, there is dissatisfaction of the organization, lack of control and problems of relationships with clients. It is understood that the environment and work conditions interfere in the health of nursing professionals, but that with the actions of the programs of the norms of assistance to the worker and preventive measures, resources are created for the early identification of the occupational risks as well as the Prevention of work-related diseases by promoting a safe and healthy working environment / As condições de trabalho às quais os profissionais de enfermagem estão submetidos e/ou expostos diariamente no desempenho de suas funções interferem no seu desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. Diante disso, esse estudo teve por objetivo analisar os riscos ocupacionais aos quais estão expostos os profissionais de enfermagem, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto de um hospital público de Imperatriz - MA. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva, analítica, exploratória e bibliográfica, realizado com 37 profissionais plantonistas da UTI, sendo 11 enfermeiros e 26 técnicos de enfermagem. Na coleta de dados, realizada entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2016, utilizou-se um questionário próprio com 15 perguntas e um questionário validado, proposto no Guia de Avaliação de Riscos nos Locais de Trabalho, de Boix e Vogel. Os resultados revelaram que os enfermeiros são mais jovens, com tempo de serviço menor, porém mais bem remunerados que os técnicos. Ambos conhecem os riscos ambientais e sofrem de estresse, problemas na coluna, fadiga muscular e cansaço, relacionados ao trabalho. Em relação às condições de trabalho, ambos trabalham 12 h/dia, mas, com horários de descanso diferenciados. Ambos utilizam os EPIs; porém, os técnicos sofrem mais acidentes com perfurocortante. Na avaliação do local de trabalho e instalações, verificou-se que não há segurança nas deslocações mecânicas e que existem instalações elétricas inadequadas; nas máquinas, ferramentas e tecnologias há risco de acidentes por pancadas, arrastamentos ou cortes; nas substâncias e materiais, há falta de segurança no transporte e/ou armazenamento das substâncias e risco por inalação; nos fatores ergonômicos, há mobiliário inadequado e permanência prolongada na mesma postura; nos fatores de organização do trabalho, há insatisfação da organização, falta de controle e problemas de relacionamentos com os clientes. Entende-se que o meio e as condições de trabalho interferem na saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem, mas que com as ações dos Programas das normatizações de assistência ao trabalhador e medidas preventivas, constitui-se recursos para a identificação precoce dos riscos ocupacionais bem como a prevenção das doenças relacionadas ao trabalho promovendo um meio de trabalho seguro e saudável.