The service of safety and health at workThe article maintains that, mainly, from the approval of Law 29783, Law of Occupational Safety and Health at Work, it has been internalizing the importance of implementation of regulations and measures to reinforce or emphasize safety and health at work. However, it is emphasized that until the appearing of regulatory norm of law, enterprises as well as workers will have to safeguard for implementing a service that they consider –technically– suitable to their place of work without having a referent clear normative, since the Law doesn’t detail the implementation of a security service and health at work. In this regard, the technic document entitled «Protocols of Medical Occupational Exams and Guidelines of Obligatory Diagnostic Medical Exams by activity», contains a series of regulations that permit to integrate and implement a suitable service and appropriated of health surveillance of workers. / El artículo sostiene que, principalmente, a partir de la aprobación de la ley 29783, Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, se viene interiorizando la importancia de la implementación de regulaciones y medidas que refuercen o enfaticen la seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Sin embargo, se recalca que hasta que aparezca la norma reglamentaria de la ley, las empresas como los trabajadores tendrán que velar por implementar un servicio que consideren —técnicamente— idóneo a su centro de labores sin tener un referente normativo claro, puesto que, la ley no detalla la ejecución de un servicio de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Al respecto, el documento técnico denominado «Protocolos de Exámenes Médico Ocupacionales y Guías de Diagnóstico de los Exámenes Médicos Obligatorios por Actividad», contiene una serie de regulaciones que permite integrar e implementar un servicio adecuado y apropiado de vigilancia en la salud de los trabajadores

Nas últimas décadas, diversos estudos acadêmicos investigaram práticas de gestão da Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho (SST) de forma a identificar fatores que contribuem para o sucesso de programas de prevenção de acidentes no setor da construção civil. A maior parte desses estudos foi baseada na realização de surveys e objetivaram identificar correlações entre as taxas de acidentes de cada empresa e a existência ou não de práticas, permitindo apontar os conjuntos de práticas que têm maior impacto na SST. Em que pesem as contribuições destes estudos, principalmente no que diz respeito à identificação e disseminação de práticas associadas à prevenção de acidentes, quatro principais críticas podem ser feitas: (a) não há um conceito definido de o que são boas práticas e critérios para categorizá-las; (b) escopo limitado a grandes empresas de países desenvolvidos; (c) a falta de um referencial teórico adequado; e (d) a abordagem metodológica adotada, cujo enfoque é descritivo. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é propor um protocolo para caracterização e avaliação do grau de implementação de práticas de gestão da SST, através da utilização de múltiplas fontes de evidência, visando a obter uma compreensão mais detalhada destas práticas, que levem em consideração o contexto de aplicação. Em relação ao método, foi adotada a abordagem da pesquisa construtiva, escolhida por se tratar do desenvolvimento de um protocolo para a solução de um problema com relevância prática e teórica. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura acerca das práticas de gestão da SST e do referencial teórico da Engenharia de Resiliência (ER). O protocolo foi proposto com base na revisão da literatura e também em uma survey realizada com uma amostra de empresas de construção. A ferramenta foi desenvolvida, aprimorada e testada em 5 estudos de caso em canteiros de obras, realizados de forma sequencial. Além disso, a mesma foi aplicada em 3 obras na Espanha, com o objetivo de avaliar a sua aplicabilidade em outro contexto. Os resultados deste conjunto de obras foram processados e analisados, de forma a exemplificar os dados produzidos. Por fim, com base na avaliação do protocolo desenvolvido, foram propostas diretrizes para a sua implantação. As principais contribuições da pesquisa são referentes ao protocolo de avaliação desenvolvido, que possui um enfoque prescritivo. Por um lado, este possibilita a coleta sistemática de dados sobre práticas de SST que pode ser utilizado na avaliação do sistema de gestão da SST das empresas, possibilitando a realização de benchmarking externo e interno. Por outro lado, a ferramenta pode contribuir para o registro e a disseminação das práticas de gestão de SST no setor da construção. / Several academic studies have investigated Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) managerial practices in order to identify factors that contribute for the success of accident prevention programs in the construction industry. Most of those studies were based on surveys and aimed to identify correlations between accident rates and the existence or non-existence of such practices, establishing sets of practices that have the greatest impact on OSH. Despite the contributions of those studies, especially regarding the identification and dissemination of practices associated with accident prevention, four main drawbacks can be pointed out: (a) the lack of definition for best practices and of criteria for categorizing them, (b) scope limited to large companies from developed countries, (c) the lack of theoretical foundation, and (d) the descriptive focus of the methodological approach adopted. The main objective of this research work is to devise a protocol for characterizing and evaluating the degree of implementation of OSH managerial practices based on multiple sources of evidence, aiming to get a more detailed understanding of those practices, and take into account the context of application. Regarding the method, the constructive research approach was adopted, since this investigation proposes the development of a protocol for solving a problem with practical and theoretical relevance. Initially, a literature review on OSH managerial best practices and on the Resilience Engineering (RE) theoretical framework was undertaken. The protocol has been proposed based on both a literature review and also on a survey conducted with a sample of construction companies. The tool was developed and tested in five case studies in construction sites carried out sequentially. In addition, it was also applied in three construction sites in Spain in order to evaluate its applicability in another context. The results of those construction sites were processed and analyzed to illustrate the data produced. Finally, based on the evaluation of the protocol, some guidelines for implementing it were proposed. The main contributions of this research are related to the protocol, which has a prescriptive approach. From one hand, it enables the systematic collection of data on OSH practices that can be used for assessing the OSH management system of construction companies, making it possible to carry out internal and external benchmarking. From the other hand, with the tool may contribute for the documentation and dissemination of OSH best practices in the construction sector.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A pesquisa tem por objeto estudar as melhores práticas existentes para subsidiar uma proposta conceitual de SGI - Sistema de Gestão Integrado (qualidade, meio ambiente, segurança e saúde no trabalho) aplicável a Laboratórios Radioecológicos. O planejamento da pesquisa está organizado nas seguintes etapas: realizou-se, numa primeira etapa, a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em SGI, levantamento e estudo das normas aplicáveis (SGQ NBR ISO 9000 (2005), NBR ISO 9001 (2008), NBR ISO 9004 (2000), SGA NBR ISO 14001 (2004) e SGSST OHSAS 18001 (2007) e OHSAS 18002 (2008)), identificação e caracterização de processos em Laboratórios Radioecológicos e estudo de metodologia de melhores práticas e benchmarking; na segunda etapa da pesquisa desenvolveu-se o estudo de caso (pesquisa qualitativa, com a aplicação de questionários via correio eletrônico e entrevistas presenciais, quando possível), precedido de um levantamento e seleção de Laboratórios Radioecológicos internacionais e nacionais estudados e, em seguida, esses laboratórios foram contatados e parte deles concordou em participar na pesquisa; na terceira etapa da pesquisa foi construída a matriz de melhores práticas que mostrou resultados que puderam subsidiar uma proposta conceitual de SGI para Laboratórios Radioecológicos; a quarta e última etapa da pesquisa consistiu na construção da referida proposta conceitual de estrutura de SGI para Laboratórios Radioecológicos, tendo sido, então alcançado objetivo inicial da pesquisa. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The thesis clarify the reasons of program construction and introduction of campaigns focused on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). On the basis of work accident rate statistics, conducted researches and investigation we have found out, considering OSH issues, that it is essential to change attitudes, approaches and thinking of the public, company management and employees. The status quo shows that people do not approve OSH issues. They take them as a burden. At this point it is impossible to reduce the number of work accidents and cases of occupational desease. Furthermore, it is impossible to achieve natural development of high-quality work culture and ease. The thesis also deal with prospective devices which could solve the current situation. These devices are mainly edification and OSH promotion. Again via researches and investigation it is being found out which specific tools of edification and promotion are the most effective ones in terms of content aspect. One part of the theory of these thesis is historical view on the process of work safety from the first extant evidence till the post-war situation in Czechoslovakia. Edification and campaigns where programs and campaigns are part of that, start from general marketing principles and directly, creation and introduction of campaigns is the matter of social marketing. That is why a part of the theory is focused on marketing principles which can be used when edifying and promoting OSH and also focused directly on social marketing and social advertising. One of the chapters specifies the process of implementation of campaigns focused on OSH. Concretely, it defines target groups, available tools and devices, planning, designation of campaign partners, principles of implementation and in conclusion it analyses how to assess the campaign and methods of getting feedback after the campaign. To demonstrate that, in the thesis there are described current campaigns focused on OSH issues in the Czech Republic and also cooperating with the European Union. The countries of the European Union have OSH at very high level and because our country is a part of this community, it is almost a duty to make the best of experience of these countries and to cooperate with them. The conclusion of the theoretical part deals with the attitude of the mentioned countries toward the issue.

The aim of the thesis is a theoretical preparation of the company MPSJ spol. s r. o. to introduce the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS)in accordance with the internationally acknowledged standard OHSAS 18001. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with basic legislative requirements for the Safety and Health at Work, approaches to the Occupational Health and Safety Management, OHSMS standards. The practical part is rooted from the individual provisions of the Czech Technical Norm CSN OHSAS 18001:2008, verifies current status in the company and makes proposals for recommendation concerning the enlargement of the integrated management system so that the requirement of the Technical Norm have been fullfiled.

My diploma thesis is focused on the occupational health and safety system in production company Saint-Gobain Glass ČR s.r.o., which is part of the international concern Saint-Gobain. Question of employees' safety and health is very important for this concern, occupational safety and health management system is elaborated in Frame of reference document, and all the affiliated branches gradually implement concern's requests to their own systems. In the theoretical part I made an overview of health and safety regulations' history, legal requirements, which companies have to meet, and institutions, which cover this field in Czech Republic. In the practical part I assess how documentation for health and safety system complies with legal requirements and afterwards I assess how company meets concern's requirements. I have used concern's tool, 20 steps audit, to evaluate the system, which consists of approximately 200 questions regarding all the fields of industrial hygiene and safety. The result of the audit has showed the implemented system works on a basis to comply with legal requirements, but still doesn't fulfill all the concern's rules. Company still has a long way to meet concern's vision.

The theme of this thesis is occupational safety and health. The thesis contains legislation of occupational health and safety, basic concepts related to this topic, occupational health and safety management, risk analysis methods. The second part is focused on occupational safety and health at manufacturing company. In this section, the functioning of OSH in the company through internal documents and questionnaires is analyzed. Also in the conclusion are suggested possible improvements of occupational health and safety.

In recent years, new regulatory guidance has spurred organizations to replace hazardous chemicals with safer alternatives. The factors and influences that shape decisions to transition to safer chemicals are of interest to decision scientists. Previous studies have examined the role that various factors, such as regulation, health impacts, and environmental impacts, have played in shaping such decisions. However, two key research gaps have been identified. First, existing semi-quantitative-based studies do not adequately capture the complexity of decision-making. Second, no in-depth qualitative study of a current substitution process, elucidating decision-making mechanisms at various stages of the design process, has yet been performed. The current research addresses these gaps. The first component of the study is an extensive survey of product and chemical manufacturers to elicit potential tradeoffs concerning final product design and redesign decisions. Such tradeoffs are characterized by a set of six factors affecting product design, which are further disaggregated into thirty-three attributes distributed across these factors. Statistical methods including Bayesian Dirichlet modeling and Principal Component Analysis were used to show: 1) two factors were statistically significantly different than other factors, 2) how features such as company size and time of decision affected factor weighting, and 3) that nine principal components explain 79% of the variance in the attribute scores. The second component of the study was a phenomenological assessment of a current substitution process: replacement of cadmium with Zn-Ni for aircraft components, undertaken by the U.S. Navy and Air Force. This study synthesized existing research in cognition, decision-making, and knowledge management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants representing engineering, environmental, safety, and management disciplines. Qualitative analysis was used to identify and characterize the underlying mechanisms guiding the decision process, including external/internal influences, organizational structure and inertia, and innovative team problem solving. The results from this research contribute to theoretical knowledge in decision-making and cognition, as well as practical knowledge for organizations and policymakers. The broader implications of this research study include a realization that decision tradeoffs vary based on decision contexts, indicating that sector-specific future policy and guidance efforts are needed.

When unsafe conditions arise in a workplace, they may result in employee accidents and fatalities. However, if these problems are detected early, new hazard controls and safety initiatives can be introduced in order to actively reduce or prevent the occurrence of these events. Unfortunately, many safety systems currently monitor and report data that has been aggregated over long time periods, making it difficult to realize and respond to pattern shifts in a timely manner. When monitoring a process over time, a commonly used tool is statistical process control charting. Traditionally used in manufacturing, control charts indicate a deviation from historically "normal" or "in-control" behavior and have become increasingly common in healthcare and public health monitoring. This dissertation studies the use of control charts to monitor the frequency of occupational safety incidents, with the overarching goal of investigating the effects of data aggregation on the detection performance of these charts. Specifically, this dissertation 1) qualitatively establishes the need for more frequent monitoring of safety incidents; 2) investigates the comparative performance of control charts with aggregated and non-aggregated data for the detection of increased accident frequency, using a case study with data from an industrial partner; 3) more generally compares the performance of these charts for a Poisson process with a range of simulated process shifts; and 4) discusses the potential future challenges of including accident severity in quantitative safety monitoring systems. The comprehensive results indicate that lower degrees of data aggregation are preferred, and suggestions for better data collection and employee communication practices are offered to aid the transition for companies. / Ph. D.

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