Tobaksrökning är ett allvarligt hot mot en god folkhälsa i det västerländska samhället. Gällande tobakssnusning är forskningen dock inte enig. Världshälsoorganisationen anser att tobaksprevention ska innefatta policybeslutande samtidigt som Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting rekommenderar kommuner att arbeta strategiskt för att uppnå tobaksrökfrihet bland deras anställda. I Sverige har 67 kommuner antagit policyn Tobaksfri arbetstid. I detta examensarbete har intervjuer genomförts med politiker och tobakspreventivt ansvariga tjänstemän i tre kommuner i Västmanlands län som har påbörjat en arbetsprocess med policyn Tobaksfri arbetstid. Syftet var att undersöka deras uppfattningar om kommunens arbetsprocess med policyn. Genom en innehållsanalys strukturerades och tolkades intervjuerna. Resultatet visade att en av kommunerna har antagit ett förvaltningsmål, och inte en kommunövergripande policy om tobaksrökfri arbetstid och två kommuner har påbörjat en arbetsprocess för att i framtiden anta policyn. Samtliga kommuner hade påbörjat en arbetsprocess med policyn då tobaksrökning upplevdes som ett problem. Somliga ansåg däremot att tobakssnusning möjligtvis kunde inkluderas i ett senare skede. Ingen ansåg att SKL:s rekommendationer har påverkat att de påbörjade en arbetsprocess. Det var samstämmighet både mellan kommunerna och med tidigare forskning, om att politiskt stöd, involverande av anställda, tydlig planering och kombination med avvänjningsstöd är centrala faktorer i den fortsatta arbetsprocessen med policyn. / Tobacco smoking and possibly using smokeless tobacco risk decreasing the public health. The World Health Organization considers that tobacco preventive work shall include policy decisions. Sweden's municipalities and county council (SKL) argue that municipalities shall adopt a tobacco policy for their employees. SKL also recommends municipalities to work in order to become totally smoke free workplaces. Around 70 municipalities in Sweden have adopted the policy Tobacco free working hours and some of these have included smokeless tobacco. In this work interviews with politicians and officials responsible for the tobacco preventive work were accomplished in three municipalities in the county of Västmanland. The aim of the work was to examine their views about the municipalities work process with the policy. The interviews were structured and interpreted by a content analysis. The result showed that one of the municipalities has adopted an administrative aim and not a policy about smoke free working hours, while two of the municipalities have started a work process in order to adopt a policy in the future. All municipalities had started a work process because they found tobacco smoking to be a problem. Some considered that smokeless tobacco perhaps should be included in the policy in a later stage. No one considered that SKL's recommendations had been an influence to why they started a work process with the policy. The communities agreed with each other that political support, involving of employees, clear planning and supporting employees to quit smoking are fundamental factors in the continuing work process with the policy. This also corresponds to recent research.

M. Tech. Public Management / This study assesses the transformation and modernization of public service delivery in South Africa with specific reference to the Department of Public Service and Administration as the department responsible for leading the public service transformation and modernization process. It examines the extent to which public policies on public service transformation like the White Paper on the Transformation of the Public Service, 1995, (Notice 1227 of 1995) and the White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery, 1997, (Notice 1459 of 1997) have influenced service delivery within the public service since their inception.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Baigiamojo bakalauro darbo tema „Organizacijos kultūros raiška Lietuvos Respublikos Seime“. Darbo tikslas – atlikti teorinę ir empirinę organizacijos kultūros analizę ir pateikti pasiūlymus, kaip derinti organizacijos kultūrą, kad ji atitiktų organizacijos tikslus ir darbuotojų lūkesčius. Tikslui pasiekti buvo keliami šie uždaviniai: • Atlikti situacijos analizę organizacinės kultūros aspektu. • Atlikti empirinį tyrimą tikslu nustatyti, kaip esama organizacijos kultūra dera su norima organizacijos kultūra. • Pateikti vadybinius siūlymus, kaip derinti organizacijos kultūrą, kad ji atitiktų organizacijos tikslus ir darbuotojų lūkesčius. Situacijos analizėje aptarta tinkamos organizacinės kultūros įtaka organizacijos sėkmei ir organizacijos narių pasitenkinimui darbu. Aptarti keturi dominuojantys organizacinės kultūros tipai, oficialūs ir neoficialūs organizacinės kultūros elementai. Empirinio tyrimo metu buvo siekiama nustatyti, ar esama organizacinė kultūra sutampa su norima organizacijos kultūra. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Lietuvos Respublikos Seime, apklausiant tik ten dirbančius valstybės tarnautojus, nes jie sudaro didžiąją dalį visų Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo darbuotojų. Apklausa buvo vykdoma kiekybinio tyrimo metodu pagal iš anksto sudarytą klausimyną. Apklausos grįžtamumas – 92 proc. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad esama organizacijos kultūra neatitinka norimos organizacijos kultūros. Įvertinus Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo organizacinę struktūrą, pateikiami vadybiniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The topic of Bachelor thesis is “Managing the Alignment of the Organizational Culture at “Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania”. The objective of thesis is to carry out the theoretical and empiric research of the organizational culture, and deliver the implementations, how to manage the alignment of the organizational culture. For implementation of the objective, these goals were followed: • To carry out the theoretical research under the aspect of organizational culture. • To carry out the empiric research in order to define, if and how present organizational culture matches desired organizational culture. • To deliver the managerial implementations, how to manage the alignment of the organizational culture, so that it would fulfill organizational goals and values of organization members. The high impact of proper organizational culture on organization’s success and organization’s members’ job satisfaction was revealed in the theoretical research. Four types of organizational culture and formal and informal organizational elements were discussed. During the empirical research it was aiming to measure, if present organizational culture matches with desired organizational culture. The research took place in Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Only public officials were research, since they make the majority of all employees in Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. The survey was done under the quantitative research method, a structured questionnaire was used. The feedback of... [to full text]

Payment for services has been a challenge for municipalities for sometime in South Africa. This has caused municipalities to employ a number of strategies to assist in the collection of revenue. The methods of collection that have been used in the past mostly focused on the stick approach where your services would just be cut until you make the payment. Methods like Masakhane tried to explain why ratepayers needed to pay but fell short as the emphasis was on payment for services and not on the obligation for the municipalities to provide quality services as well. Loyalty programmes are used widely by the private sector and are proving worthwhile in getting customers to become loyal. The purpose of this study therefore is to find out the effectiveness of the municipal payment incentive scheme as a loyalty programme in the City of Tshwane- Soshanguve. Relationship building, the researcher found, is an important component in establishing loyalty amongst customers. This study follows the conceptual framework for modelling customer lifetime value and building customer equity. Soshanguve which is a township was chosen as an area of focus. Soshanguve is one of the biggest areas in the City of Tshwane area. The sample had to be representative of such a big population of about 88 000 households. The study used a stratified random sampling method of 375 Soshanguve households. The results attained from Soshanguve can be applied to other townships found in the City of Tshwane as they have similar characteristics. Structured interviews were conducted with 375 respondents who were drawn from ten different wards that are billed by the municipality to represent households. The questionnaire had both open ended and closed ended questions. The data that was collected was analysed using content analysis from the computer and open ended questions were self analysed. Secondary research was done using City of Tshwane documents and its website. The researcher found that municipalities and government departments have not used this kind of a loyalty programme to encourage payment; City of Tshwane is the first in South Africa to employ such a strategy. The study found that respondents believe the City of Tshwane should offer affordable services and improve service delivery as part of improving payment for services. The incentive scheme, although in its early stages was found to be a motivating factor for the majority of the respondents to pay on time because they want to qualify to win and get the cash back rewards and prizes offered by the scheme. The study found that there was a need to use local merchants that can be accessible to a large number of people. The researcher also found that the marketing and visibility for such a scheme was of utmost importance. On the overall the respondents were happy and proud to have such a programme, for them the municipal incentive payment scheme showed a caring side of the municipality for those meeting their obligation. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

While the graduate assistantship experience exists as an opportunity for aspiring professionals to gain practical experience, little research exists regarding one's selfefficacy beliefs related to specific responsibilities of an assistantship. This study of assistant residence hall directors at Ball State University aided seasoned Student Affairs professionals as they trained, supervised and mentored graduate students. Four first-year and four second-year assistant residence hall directors and three full-time residence hall directors, who were alumni of the graduate program and assistantship at the University were interviewed during April of the Spring 2004 semester. The researcher created an interview guide using Bandura's (1977) concept of self-efficacy. The researcher and later an unbiased individual identified themes within the data and offered recommendations for the application of the findings as well as recommendations for possible future studies. / Department of Educational Studies

While the impact of inclusion has been researched and debated for years, less effort has been directed at assessing how those individuals responsible for implementing the practice perceive the effects. This research study was designed to determine the attitudes and perceptions of staff members at Western School Corporation concerning the current inclusion model. The census consisted of educators who held the role of general education teacher, special education teacher, paraprofessional (aide), or administrator. There were 196 staff members who were asked to complete a paper survey; 98 educators responded, which generated a response rate of 50%. The survey, The Inclusion Inventory: A Tool for Measuring the Implementation and Use of Inclusive Practices, was used. The Texas University Affiliated Program for Developmental Disabilities, the Education Service Center Region XIII, the Education Service Center Region 20, and Inclusion Works developed the instrument jointly. The results of the study indicated that the administration at Western School Corporation supports inclusion, but there are not ample resources in place to support the overall model. This was commensurate with the findings that the respondents did not feel that sufficient opportunities were being given for staff members to discuss inclusion issues. Overall, the staff members appear to have a fairly positive perspective of the inclusion model, as well as the effects of student success they have seen. Staff members are utilizing a variety of instructional strategies to promote an inclusive setting, but they must continue to be trained in these to recognize their importance. Possible reasons for these results were discussed and a need for further research was offered. / Department of Educational Leadership