Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-13T13:32:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samantha Pereira Araújo - 2015.pdf: 934382 bytes, checksum: b1d661d060a3b76400d652fe9380c056 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-13T15:33:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samantha Pereira Araújo - 2015.pdf: 934382 bytes, checksum: b1d661d060a3b76400d652fe9380c056 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-13T15:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samantha Pereira Araújo - 2015.pdf: 934382 bytes, checksum: b1d661d060a3b76400d652fe9380c056 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The aim of this study was to analise the influence of blood pressure control, nutritional status and level of physical activity in the quality of life of very elderly hypertensive patients. Cross-sectional study with forty-one oldest old patients (over 80 years), both males and females, followed at a reference center for hypertension treatment in a midwest brazilian City. A survey questionnaire about sociodemographic and lifestyle variables was applied. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF 36) were also used to evaluate the Quality of Life. Blood pressure and anthropometric variables were measured. Fisher test, t test, chi-square and Mann-Whitney-U test were performed. The significance level was 5% and confidence interval was 95% for all tests. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. Low educational levels and low income were found in the sample. Only 7.3% of the patients referred alcohol consumption and no one was a smoker. Smoking and alcohol intake showed differences between gender and was higher among men (p=0.002, p<0.001). Almost half of participants (46.3%) were overweight according to body mass index and 80,5% had increased waist circumference. Controled blood pressure were verified in 73.2% of the sample. Moderate and intense physical activity levels were observed on 46.3% of the participants. Nutritional status and physical activity level did not influence blood pressure control. The quality of life associated with the physical aspects was better in men (p=0,044). Physically active oldest old had better score for functional capacity in the SF 36 (p=0.007). Social, emotional and mental health domains obtained the highest scores for quality of life. Blood pressure control and nutritional status did not affect quality of life. These findings may contribute to health planning, with promotion of public policies for seniors. More studies should be conducted in the future in order to clarify the main factors for promoting longevity with quality of life. / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a influência dos níveis pressóricos, do estado nutricional e do nível de atividade física sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes muito idosos sob tratamento regular em um serviço público de referência no tratamento de hipertensão em uma capital brasileira. Foram incluídos 41 hipertensos de ambos os sexos, com idade igual ou maior que 80 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu de julho a setembro de 2014. Os participantes foram entrevistados por nutricionista e foram aplicados o questionário para investigação das variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos de vida, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e o Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF 36). Além disso, foram aferidas pressão arterial e medidas antropométricas. Foram realizados os testes exato de Fisher, Teste t e Mann-Whitney-U. O intervalo de confiança adotado foi de 95% e o nível de significância foi de 5% para todas as análises. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital das Clínicas da UFG. A amostra apresentou baixo nível de escolaridade e baixa renda per capita. Apenas 7,3% dos idosos referiram ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas e nenhum se declarou fumante. Quanto ao estado nutricional, 46,3% da amostra apresentou sobrepeso conforme o índice de massa corporal. Circunferência da cintura de 80,5% da amostra estava aumentada ou muito aumentada. Os níveis de pressão arterial de 73,2% dos participantes estavam controlados. A qualidade de vida dos idosos não foi influenciada pelo estado nutricional e controle da pressão arterial. O nível de atividade física moderado e intenso foi verificado em 46,3% dos muito idosos. Mulheres e homens apresentaram pontuações mais baixas no domínio capacidade funcional. A qualidade de vida associada aos aspectos físicos foi melhor em homens (p=0,044). A prática de atividade física refletiu em melhor qualidade de vida associada à capacidade funcional avaliada pelo SF 36 em ambos os sexos (p=0,007). Melhor qualidade de vida foi atribuída aos domínios aspectos emocionais, sociais e de saúde mental. Tais achados podem contribuir para o planejamento em saúde, com implementação de políticas públicas direcionadas aos idosos.

Studiens syfte är att ur ett livsloppsperspektiv belysa vilka bemästringsstrategier finlandssvenskar i åldern 100-103 år har använt från barndomen till ålderdomen. Fokus läggs främst på bemästring av svårigheter, men studien tar även fasta på hur man som 100-åring ser på livet idag och på framtiden. För studien intervjuades tre kvinnor och två män i Finland. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att tolka intervjumaterialet. Studiens resultat visar att de intervjuade som barn i Finland i början av 1900-talet fick bemästra genom att acceptera och vara i ödets händer. I vuxenlivet tog de däremot kontroll över sina liv och vägde ofta fördelar mot nackdelar. Idag som 100-åringar vill de behålla kontrollen trots behov av hjälp, men ser också tillbaka på och accepterar livet som helhet. Vissa strategier syns även över längre perioder i livet. Behovet av socialt stöd är en viktig aspekt, men även individens inställning till livet har stor roll. Resultatet visar hur viktigt det är att låta till och med 100-åringar behålla sin självbestämmanderätt för att själva kunna bemästra svårigheter. / The aim of this study is to show which coping strategies fennoswedish centenarians aged 100-103 have used throughout life. The study is conducted from a life course perspective, with focus on coping strategies in times of difficulties, but the study also sheds light on how centenarians experience life today and what they think of the future. Three women and two men were interviewed for the study in Finland. A qualitative content analysis was done to interpret the data. The result shows that the interviewed centenarians, as childen in the early 20th century Finland, had to cope by accepting and by leaving one’s fate in someone else’s hands. In adult life, however, the interviewees took control of their lives and often weighed the pros and cons to cope with difficulties. Today the centenarians want to maintain control even though they are in need of help, but also look back on and accept life as a whole. Some coping strategies are also present over longer periods in life, for example the need for social support, as well as the individual attitude. The result shows the importantance of allowing centenarians to maintain their autonomy in order to cope with difficulties.

Background. Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may have different effects on cognitive health due to their anti- or pro-inflammatory properties. Methods. We aimed to prospectively examine the relationships between n-3 and n-6 PUFA contents in serum phospholipids with incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD). We included 1264 non-demented participants aged 84 ± 3 years from the German Study on Ageing, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) multicenter-cohort study. We investigated whether fatty acid concentrations in serum phospholipids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA), were associated with risk of incident all-cause dementia and AD. Results. During the follow-up window of seven years, 233 participants developed dementia. Higher concentrations of EPA were associated with a lower incidence of AD (hazard ratio (HR) 0.76 (95% CI 0.63; 0.93)). We also observed that higher concentrations of EPA were associated with a decreased risk for all-cause dementia (HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.61; 0.94)) and AD (HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.51; 0.85)) among apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) non-carriers but not among APOE ε4 carriers. No other fatty acids were significantly associated with AD or dementia. Conclusions. Higher concentrations of EPA were associated with a lower risk of incident AD. This further supports a beneficial role of n-3 PUFAs for cognitive health in old age.