Idag är människor i behov av Wi-Fi, eluttag samt belysning och samtidigt är kollektivtrafiken en stor del av människors vardag. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka huruvida en implementering av solceller kan gynna samhället utifrån ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala perspektiv. Studien beskriver även hur prisskillnaden mellan On-Grid och Off-Grid kan variera på grund av komponenter som används i implementeringen. I genomförandet undersöks energibehovet för Wi–Fi, LED-belysning och eluttag och detta har lett till att batteristorleken för systemet är 150 Ah. Däremot har Sverige få soldagar vilket leder till att antal mörka nätter approximeras till två och batteristorleken fördubblas därför till 300 Ah. Resultatet uppvisar att anslutande av elnät till busshållplatsen betingar ett pris av 100 000 kr men att implementera Off-Grid system på busshållplatsen kostar 23 653 kr för huvudkomponenter exklusive pris av montering, säkring och kablar. Genom att implementera solceller på On-Grid systemet kan elkostnader för bolaget minskas och återbetalningstiden förkortas. Studien kom fram till att två paneler av Midsummer BOLD med 195 Wp kommer täcka systemets behov. Dessa paneler är svensk tillverkad från 100% förnyelsebar el och har lågt koldioxidutsläpp med runt 90% lägre än traditionella solceller. / Today, people need Wi-Fi, electrical outlets, and lighting, and at the same time public transport is a large part of people's everyday lives. The purpose of the work is to investigate whether the implementation of solar cells can benefit society from an economic, ecological, and social perspective. The study also describes how the price difference between On-Grid and Off-Grid can vary due to components used in the implementation. The implementation examines the energy needs for Wi-Fi, LED lighting and electrical outlets and this has led to the battery size for the system being 150 Ah. On the other hand, Sweden has few sunny days, which leads to the number of dark nights being approximated to two and the battery size therefore doubling to 300 Ah. The results show that connection of the electricity network to the bus stop requires a price of SEK 100,000, but implementing Off-Grid systems at the bus stop costs SEK 23,653 for main components excluding the price of assembly, fuse, and cables. By implementing solar cells on the On-Grid system, electricity costs for the company can be reduced and the repayment period shortened. The study concluded that two panels of Midsummer BOLD with 195 Wp will cover the system's needs. These panels are Swedish made from 100% renewable electricity and have low carbon dioxide emissions with around 90% lower than traditional solar cells.

It is in human nature to preserve things and objects from the past, study, enjoy and cherish our history. This need to learn from and cherish the objects from the past has resulted in the development and evolution of spaces such as museums where people can come and see these objects, either to know or learn something or out of personal interest and curiosity. Somewhere in all this, is architecture from the past taken for granted? A lot of the prominent historic buildings have been well preserved and are known to people. But at the same time there are numerous historic structures, story tellers from the past, being ignored and even trampled upon. Should we not look at these also as valuable objects that have to say so much about our social, cultural and technological past? Do they need a museum space as well? Can architecture be housed and preserved in a museum? Or maybe become a museum, displaying itself, allowing people to experience it from outside and within. Watson's Hotel is one such historical building that lies today unnoticed, uncared for, decaying and falling apart. My thesis is an intervention into this urban situation. The goal of the design has not been just preservation but rather an elevation or celebration of the structure, bringing forth its true nature that lies in its structural framework, a cast iron grid of columns and beams. It aims to highlight this essential core of the building by revealing the grid in different spatial conditions. There is also a constant wish to tie the structure back to its surroundings, to bring back the dialogue that the building shared with its surroundings in the past. The structural framework is revealed and experienced in different spatial conditions achieved with the help of geometry, light and material, surfaces added in and around it, and the grid runs through all these elements bold, undisturbed and uninterrupted. / Master of Architecture

O principal objetivo desta tese consiste em propor, desenvolver e implementar uma infra-estrutura para gerenciamento de um Banco de Dados baseado em Grid. O armazenamento de objetos complexos como áudio, vídeo, softwares etc., em Sistemas de Banco de Dados, sempre se dá de maneira integral, ou seja, o documento, independente do seu tamanho, não é fragmentado pelo Sistema de Gerência de Banco de Dados (SGBD) ao ser armazenado. Metodologias de modelagem de dados utilizadas também não especificam a fragmentação ou segmentação de um documento complexo quando do seu armazenamento, pois só contemplam a fragmentação das estruturas de armazenamento, no caso relações ou classes, e não os objetos que serão armazenados. Ao avaliarmos o desempenho de sistemas que armazenam objetos complexos, verificamos que o tamanho dos objetos armazenados influencia consideravelmente o desempenho destes sistemas. Como objetos multimídia, softwares, etc., necessitam de grandes volumes em disco para seu armazenamento, métodos de replicação ou distribuição de cópias tradicionais tornam-se muito dispendiosos e por vezes ineficientes. Com a infra-estrutura desenvolvida neste trabalho foi possível segmentar e distribuir atributos complexos de linhas de uma tabela, instaladas em Bancos de Dados baseado em Grid. Nossa solução melhorou o desempenho do sistema que tinha a necessidade de armazenar documentos de tamanho elevado, acima de um tamanho limite. Também foi testada com sucesso a possível utilização dos códigos LDPC nesta infra-estrutura. Entretanto, não observamos ganhos que justificassem sua utilização em aplicações semelhantes a nossa. / This Thesis presents a proposal of an infrastructure to allow the distribution of data in a Database Grid. The storage of complex objects, such as audio, video and software etc. in Databases is always done in an integral way. This means that the object, regardless of its size, it is not fragmented by the Database Management System (DBMS). Methodologies used for data modeling also do not allow fragmentation or segmentation of complex objects. This happens because only the fragmentation of storage structures such as tables or classes are taken into account, not the embedded objects. When we evaluate the performance of systems that store complex objects, we can verify that the size of the stored objects has considerable impact. Since multimedia objects or software distribution package require significant disk space for storage, traditional methods for replication or distribution of copies become very costly and many times inefficient. With the infrastructure developed in this work it was possible to segment and to distribute complex attributes of lines of a table in Database Grids. In this way, our solution improves the performance of the system that had the necessity to store documents of raised size, above of a specified boundary-value. Also the possible use of codes LDPC in this infrastructure was tested successfully. However, does not observe profits that justified its use in same ours applications.

O principal objetivo desta tese consiste em propor, desenvolver e implementar uma infra-estrutura para gerenciamento de um Banco de Dados baseado em Grid. O armazenamento de objetos complexos como áudio, vídeo, softwares etc., em Sistemas de Banco de Dados, sempre se dá de maneira integral, ou seja, o documento, independente do seu tamanho, não é fragmentado pelo Sistema de Gerência de Banco de Dados (SGBD) ao ser armazenado. Metodologias de modelagem de dados utilizadas também não especificam a fragmentação ou segmentação de um documento complexo quando do seu armazenamento, pois só contemplam a fragmentação das estruturas de armazenamento, no caso relações ou classes, e não os objetos que serão armazenados. Ao avaliarmos o desempenho de sistemas que armazenam objetos complexos, verificamos que o tamanho dos objetos armazenados influencia consideravelmente o desempenho destes sistemas. Como objetos multimídia, softwares, etc., necessitam de grandes volumes em disco para seu armazenamento, métodos de replicação ou distribuição de cópias tradicionais tornam-se muito dispendiosos e por vezes ineficientes. Com a infra-estrutura desenvolvida neste trabalho foi possível segmentar e distribuir atributos complexos de linhas de uma tabela, instaladas em Bancos de Dados baseado em Grid. Nossa solução melhorou o desempenho do sistema que tinha a necessidade de armazenar documentos de tamanho elevado, acima de um tamanho limite. Também foi testada com sucesso a possível utilização dos códigos LDPC nesta infra-estrutura. Entretanto, não observamos ganhos que justificassem sua utilização em aplicações semelhantes a nossa. / This Thesis presents a proposal of an infrastructure to allow the distribution of data in a Database Grid. The storage of complex objects, such as audio, video and software etc. in Databases is always done in an integral way. This means that the object, regardless of its size, it is not fragmented by the Database Management System (DBMS). Methodologies used for data modeling also do not allow fragmentation or segmentation of complex objects. This happens because only the fragmentation of storage structures such as tables or classes are taken into account, not the embedded objects. When we evaluate the performance of systems that store complex objects, we can verify that the size of the stored objects has considerable impact. Since multimedia objects or software distribution package require significant disk space for storage, traditional methods for replication or distribution of copies become very costly and many times inefficient. With the infrastructure developed in this work it was possible to segment and to distribute complex attributes of lines of a table in Database Grids. In this way, our solution improves the performance of the system that had the necessity to store documents of raised size, above of a specified boundary-value. Also the possible use of codes LDPC in this infrastructure was tested successfully. However, does not observe profits that justified its use in same ours applications.

El desarrollo de la presente investigación, tiene como objetivo en determinar de qué manera influye el Smart Grid en la reducción de costos de energía eléctrica, particularmente en el sistema de distribución, de la Unidad Minera Julcani, Huancavelica 2017, cabe mencionar que dicho estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, explicativo, bajo el diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, lo cual se realizó procedimiento de recolección de información contando con una población y a la vez el mismo tamaño de muestra de 24 oficinas administrativas de la Unidad Minera Julcani, por estar en constante actividad en cuanto a su consumo de energía eléctrica,

With an increasing interest for renewable power, photovoltaics (PV) have becomemore and more common in the distribution network. If a customer wants to install aPV system, or another type of distributed generation (DG), the distribution systemoperators (DSO) needs a good way to determine if it the grid can handle it or not. InSweden, a guideline to aid the DSO was published in 2011. However, this guidelineonly considers one connection without considering other DG units. This project isabout developing new guidelines for DG connections in grids with a large number ofDG units. Based on a literature study it has been concluded that one of the mostcritical issue is over-voltage, which is the main focus of this project. Two new methods have been developed; the first proposed method is based onneglecting reactance and losses in the grid, a simple linear relationship between thevoltage level, the resistance in the lines, and the installed power is obtained. Thisrelationship is then used to calculate the voltage level at critical points in the grid. Thesecond method is to find the weakest bus, with a connected DG unit. By assumingthat all power is installed at that point we get a very simple guideline; it is veryconservative but can be used before the first method. A simulation tool has been developed in order to analyze the voltage level in grids forvarious cases with connected DG units. The simulated results have proven that theproposed guidelines are, when considering voltage issues, very reliable and can beuseful. However, further work needs to be done to ensure that other problems donot occur.

Magistro darbe išanalizuotos Grid technologijos panaudojimo mokymo procese perspektyvos. Šiame darbe aprašytos Grid tinklų, Grid technologijos sąvokos bei sandara. Remiantis įvairiais moksliniais šaltiniais išanalizuotos Grid technologijos naudojimo mokymo procese perspektyvos ir mokslo sritys. Aprašyti duomenų vizualizavimo naudojant Grid tinklus būdai ir išskirti duomenų vizualizavimo mokymo procese metodai. Darbo praktinėje dalyje buvo išnagrinėti ir praktiškai išbandyti prieigos prie Grid telkinio būdai ir sukurta priemonė statiniam duomenų vizualizavimui naudojant Grid technologiją mokymo procese atlikti. / Master‘s work was analyzed the use of Grid technologies in education process perspective. This work describes Grid networks and the concept of Grid technology. According to various scientific sources there was reviewed the use of Grid technologies in education process and the prospects of science fields. Described data visualization techniques using Grid networks in data visualization and were separated data visualization methods of education process. Working in practice have been explored and tested in practice, access to the Grid, created and designed an application for static data visualization using Grid technology in the education process.

Darbo „Grid projektavimas“ tikslas – suprojektuoti, sukonfigūruoti telkinį Šiaulių universitete ir prijungti jį prie bendro Litgrid ir Balticgrid tinklyno. Pagrindiniai šio darbo uždaviniai yra orientuoti į darbo tikslą ir apima ne tik programinius sprendimus, bet ir vartotojų mokymų organizavimą bei galimybių šiam tikslui panaudoti mokymo klas÷se esančius kompiuterius analizę ir rekomendacijas. Šiame darbe įdiegta ir sukonfigūruota programin÷ įranga, telkinys prijungtas prie virtualiųjų organizacijų Litgrid ir Balticgrid, sukurti scenarijai, automatizuojantys programų diegimą ir konfigūravimą. Telkinio pristatymas, metodin÷s rekomendacijos ir mokymai darbui su juo buvo realizuoti dviejose konferencijose. Darbas inovatyvus tuo, kad tokio pobūdžio virtualus kompiuteris yra pirmasis ir vienintelis Šiaulių regione - jis sudaro sąlygas panaudoti jau turimus kompiuterius didel÷s apimties skaičiavimo resursams imlių uždavinių sprendimui. / The purpose of the project "Grid designing" is to design and to configure the cluster at Siauliai University and connect it to Litgrid and Balticgrid. The main problems of this project are orientated towards the objective of the project and include not only software solutions, but also organization of users training and analysis as well as recommendations on possibilities to employ computers located at the teaching classes for that purpose too. This project has installed and configured software, the cluster is connected to virtual organizations of Litgrid and Balticgrid, it has created scripts, which automates installation and configuration of programs. Cluster, methodological recommendations and training for it were presented in two conferences. The project is innovative because it is the first and the only virtual computer of such nature in Siauliai region, which enables to use available computers to solve tasks that require big volumes of calculating resources.

Bidirectional vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system utilizes the batteries of parked electric-drive-vehicles to provide energy storage and backup services in a power system. Such services in a V2G-equipped microgrid system can be used as an enabler of enhancing the renewable energy source (RES) penetration by storing the energy during the surplus of RES supply and supplying the energy during the lack of RES supply. In this research, we aim at enhancing the storage capacity of V2G system by introducing a novel vehicle-to-vehicle power transfer operation that runs on the top of V2G services. The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) operation transfers the energy from the source vehicles (which are parked for relatively longer times) to the destination vehicles (which are parked for relatively shorter times). The depleted energy of the source vehicles is fulfilled by the surplus RES supply in the future. In this way, the destination vehicles are effectively charged by RES supply, thereby enhancing the storage capacity of the V2G system. We can also say that the V2V operation would become beneficial only when there is a sufficient amount of surplus RES supply in the future. We propose a decision rule to distinguish if a vehicle should be a source vehicle or a destination vehicle during the V2V operation. The decision rule is designed based on the two factors, namely the state-of-charge of vehicle’s battery, and the remaining time of vehicle to depart. In this research, we conduct a comprehensive study to analyze the impacts of state-of-charge and mobility pattern of vehicles on different performance metrics via simulation. The results shows that in order to achieve better performance of V2V operation, the state-of-charge of vehicle’s battery should be given more priority over the remaining time of vehicle to depart. The vehicle mobility pattern with unexpected departure greatly reduced the overall performance of the V2G system.

Zugl.: München, Univ. der Bundeswehr, Diss., 2009