<p>The introduction of metal supported cells may be a key innovation in the development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology. The objective of this study was to develop a process of co-firing the ceramic layers of a solid oxide fuel cell attached to their porous metal support. This is a major departure from the traditional fuel cell architecture where the support layer is a ceramic composite made of YSZ and NiO.</p> <p>The problems to be eliminated during the fabrication process include the warping, cracking and delamination of the cell during the co-sintering process.</p> <p>In this study, the porous metal layer was produced by the freeze tape casting process. During co-sintering, it is necessary to match the relative shrinkage between the metal and ceramic layers. Different parameters which can influence the relative shrinkage were explored, including the heating rate, sintering temperature, sintering time, cell thickness, solid loading of the green tapes, applications of wet and dry hydrogen in the sintering atmosphere, as well as a change of the electrolyte material. Specifically, GDC was tested as an alternative electrolyte to YSZ.</p> <p>Since the porous metal substrate is exposed to air during fuel cell operation, it must be protected from oxidation. Therefore, the pack cementation method was used to apply a layer of aluminum onto the metal substrate. Variables such as temperature and exposure time of the coating materials were investigated in this thesis.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Les implications sociales et personnelles du jeu pathologique étant importantes, il devient nécessaire d'évaluer l'ampleur de la problématique dans la population. Pour ce faire, l'utilisation d'un instrument qui évalue les joueurs avec justesse est essentielle. Cette étude, réalisée auprès de 200 adultes, porte sur la capacité du NORC DSM-IV Screen (NODS) à évaluer correctement les joueurs. De façon plus précise, elle vise à déterminer le pourcentage de faux positifs généré par le NODS chez une population de joueurs de loterie vidéo. Un critère de comparaison a été établi à partir d'une entrevue clinique. Les résultats démontrent que le NODS surestime le nombre de personnes rapportant avoir un problème de jeu. Ce résultat va à l'opposé des études de validation du NODS et questionne la pertinence d'utiliser cet instrument pour estimer la prévalence du problème de jeu dans une population.

An exploration to utilize the notion of a screen in order to orchestrate an urban response, an urban mixed-use building. It is an investigation into the contradictions of materiality and the inherent values of organistic and rigid geometries and formations in terms of architecture and the facade. Two screens make use of pattern, texture, and layering to create a sense of order and chaos within the same instance. This is most noticeable through the introduction of light, natural and artificial. These screens are a reflection of the ripples, webs, and vibrations of all human activity. This is an investigation into repetition and layering, covering and wrapping, and ultimately creating an enjoyable environment to live, work, and play. The program is quite simple. On the ground floor there is a grocery store, shops, and offices. On the upper levels, there are townhomes and apartments, one and two bedroom. / Master of Architecture

I det här arbetet undersöks prestandapåverkan från en tvådimensionell Eulersk eldsimulering i screen-space i spelmotorn Unity. I simuleringen imiteras rörelser i den tredje dimensionen genom en uppskalning av tryckgradienten. Därefter utvärderas den prestandamässiga lämpligheten för metoden vid eventuell användning i datorspel. En artefakt utvecklades för att kunna utforma ett experiment där genomsnittlig beräkningstid för simulering av en bildruta mäts på GPU:n. Studien visar att det finns en avsevärd negativ prestandapåverkan, men att denna påverkas till stor del av simuleringens upplösning samt antal iterationer i ett av simuleringsstegen, och slutsatsen dras att metoden i många fall kan vara lämplig för användning i datorspel beroende på dessa faktorer. Vidare forskning föreslås där undersökningar görs på de visuella och estetiska implikationerna av metoden där fokus ligger på att redogöra för visuella artefakter beroende på kontexten för eldsimuleringen.

Bien que son existence soit presque aussi vieille que le cinéma, l‘écran fragmenté (que les académiciens et autres professionnels du cinéma de langue anglaise désignent communément sous l‘appellation « split screen ») n‘a jamais fait l‘objet d‘analyses véritablement approfondies. Quand il est mentionné dans les livres d‘histoire, l‘écran fragmenté est rapidement esquivé. Pourtant, ses apparitions sont nombreuses. Ce mémoire de maîtrise cherche à corriger nombre d‘idées préétablies en exposant l‘histoire de cette manifestation visuelle, en commençant des débuts (le « cinéma des premiers temps ») jusqu‘à l‘arrivée du « cinéma numérique » du nouveau millénaire. / Despite the fact its existence is almost as old as cinema itself, the fragmented screen (commonly known as « split screen » in the academic and professional world of the seventh art) has never been the object of serious and exhaustive analysis. When mentioned in history books, the fragmented screen is quickly eluded. And yet its appearances are numerous. This Master thesis aims at rectifying a number of pre-established ideas by exposing the history behind this visual manifestation, from early cinema to the arrival of digital films.

Bien que son existence soit presque aussi vieille que le cinéma, l‘écran fragmenté (que les académiciens et autres professionnels du cinéma de langue anglaise désignent communément sous l‘appellation « split screen ») n‘a jamais fait l‘objet d‘analyses véritablement approfondies. Quand il est mentionné dans les livres d‘histoire, l‘écran fragmenté est rapidement esquivé. Pourtant, ses apparitions sont nombreuses. Ce mémoire de maîtrise cherche à corriger nombre d‘idées préétablies en exposant l‘histoire de cette manifestation visuelle, en commençant des débuts (le « cinéma des premiers temps ») jusqu‘à l‘arrivée du « cinéma numérique » du nouveau millénaire. / Despite the fact its existence is almost as old as cinema itself, the fragmented screen (commonly known as « split screen » in the academic and professional world of the seventh art) has never been the object of serious and exhaustive analysis. When mentioned in history books, the fragmented screen is quickly eluded. And yet its appearances are numerous. This Master thesis aims at rectifying a number of pre-established ideas by exposing the history behind this visual manifestation, from early cinema to the arrival of digital films.

aaaaaRare earth elements (Sc, Y and group 15 lanthanides) and their compounds currently have significant practical use in metallurgy, glass industry, as highly active catalysts for the production of so-called. NiMH batteries, alloys for the manufacture of permanent magnets and e.g. moderators rods in the nuclear energy, but above all they have an irreplaceable role in modern electronics for phosphors TV screens, CRT earlier today, PDP and LCD monitors and displays, tablets, mobile phones etc., which give them a high-quality picture and sound. Unlike most base and precious metals are concentrated in the conquerable ore deposits, occur in the form of compounds as part of mixed minerals in the rarely economically exploitable concentrations, a mining and processing is costly and negative impacts on the environment, paradoxically towards the title but their overall content in the crust is relatively high, the average concentration in the range of about 150 to 220 ppm. The main world producer of REE, China, in 2010, significantly reduced exports by 40 %, making prices of some REE increased up to 1500 % during the month. Demand for REE is growing, so often talks about the recycling of valuable materials back into production, as called. "Urban mining", ie "urban mining", thereby reducing the amount of...

The work of this master thesis is based on analyses of monthly precipitation data from 70 stations of the SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute) in Sweden, in the period 1860-2014, using the information for the year of introduction of the wind shield at each station. The primary goal is the calculation of correction factors which will be applied on the precipitation data in the period of measurements before the introduction of the wind shield. This correction will counterbalance the underestimation of the collected precipitation by the unshielded precipitation gauges due to the effect of the wind. The wind induced error, related to aerodynamical effects, increases with increasing wind speed. The stronger the wind, the more capable it is of deflecting the precipitation water droplets or snowflakes, falling towards the gauge orifice, away from it. In spite of the important efficiency of the wind shield which acts to diminish the wind error, the long-term effect of changing the measuring instrumentation at some time in the observations history is the production of inhomogeneous data in the measurements records. Inhomogeneous precipitation data are sources of errors in climatology and hydrology and result in misleading conclusions regarding the climate change and climate variations, hence they should be identified and corrected through a homogenization method. The analysis includes the comparison of the precipitation data of each station during two periods, one before and one after the introduction of the wind shield. This comparison leads to the calculation of ratios representing the increase in the catch between the two periods due to the introduction of the wind shield. Temperature data are also processed in order to estimate the type of precipitation (snow/rain) in each case. The monthly corrections ranged between 5 %, for rain, and 27 % for snow precipitation. The absolute value of the increase of the average annual precipitation due the implementation of the correction was 50 mm. The comparison of the corrected against the uncorrected precipitation time series indicated a less pronounced increase (0.74 mm/y) of the precipitation during the last 150 years, after the application of the correction, compared to the increase indicated from the uncorrected data (1.19 mm/y). / Kontinuerliga samt felfria nederbördsmätningar är av stor betydelse för geovetenskaper som klimatologi och hydrologi därför att nederbördsdata är en av de primära meteorologiska parametrarna för forskning om klimatförändringen. Att säkerställa felfria (homogena) nederbörds tidsserier betyder i stort sett att säkerställa homogenitet genom att identifiera och korrigera inhomogena data. Icke homogena data uppkommer på grund av förändringar i mätmetoder och mätförhållanden under observationstiden, sedan 1860-talet tills idag alltså. Denna studies syfte är att beräkna en korrektion som ska användas för att korrigera nederbördsmätningar som utfördes sedan 1860 utan vinskydd. Vindskyddet eller vindskärmen, en speciell utrustning som användas på nederbördsinsamlare, infördes gradvis under perioden 1900-1960 vid de svenska nederbördstationerna. Vindskyddet introducerades med avsikt att minska vindens påverka vid nederbördsinsamling. Men trotts den positiva effekten som vindskyddet ledde till, genom den ökade nederbördsmängden som samlades in, skapade denna förändring av mätarutrustningen inhomogena data. Bearbetningen skedde för månadsnederbördsdata från 70 stationer från SMHIs meteorologiska nätverk genom att jämföra nederbördsobservationer som genomfördes under perioderna tio år före och tio år efter införandet av vindskydd. Dessutom användes temperaturdata från samma stationer för att uppskatta nederbördslag (snö/regn). Skälet till detta är att vinskyddseffekten är olika mellan snö och regn. Beräkningarna och bestämningen av nederbördslag ledde till en 5 % respektive 27 % nederbörds ökning för regn och snö för de mätningarna som utfördes utan vindskydd. I genomsnitt har de korrigerade värdena, under perioden som vinskyddet saknades, ökat med omkring 50 mm.

This thesis examines the role of the former national screen agency in Scotland, which was in charge of distributing public funds for screen activity between 1997 and 2010. It examines how external factors such as cultural policy and internal factors such as individual approaches to film funding, affected the agency's perception and remit. The study draws on the institutional logics perspective (Thornton et al., 2012) to frame the interplay of two competing imperatives, one commercial, one creative, affecting the creative industries in Scotland and Scottish Screen's activities more specifically. However, it goes beyond this duality by examining more nuanced factors which significantly affected the organisation's trajectory and remit. Taking into account the predominant logic(s) throughout Scottish Screen's history and focusing on organisational responses during moments of transition or conflict, I use the analytical framework developed by Boltanski and Thévenot in On Justification (2006) to examine criticisms, justifications, and attempts at compromising expressed through official and non-official channels. The thesis outlines how opinions and decisions stemming from disparate views of what is “worthy” affected the agency's activity and funding decisions, as well as the dialogue with its stakeholders. The conclusions extracted from my findings inform existing literature on responses to plurality and challenge some claims made by institutional logic scholars: the first conclusion is that lack of conflict between logics does not necessarily translate into lack organisational conflict, as the latter often derives from different orders of worth which override the commercial-creative logic divide and are incompatible amongst themselves. The second conclusion, related to the first one, is that stability may be enhanced (at least temporarily) in a professional environment dominated by a plurality of logics as long as there is compatibility amongst the orders of worth set forth in pursuit of organisational goals. A third conclusion is related to the examination of some contributions to the orders of worth perspective and the study of plurality and instability in organisational practices, notably Boltanski and Chiapello's (2007) depiction of a seventh world of worth called the ‘projective city' (underpinned by the higher value of activity aimed at creating or maintaining ever-changing networks), and David Stark's (2009) study of plurality and ambiguity management in organisations. My findings suggest that organisational models based on pervasive, horizontal networks capable of transgressing traditional hierarchical structures were never fully deployed in Scottish Screen - traces of these practices are identified, but, overall, actors defended more traditional organisational scripts.

The objective of the research in this thesis is to develop manufacturable high-efficiency silicon solar cells at low-cost through advanced cell design and technological innovations using industrially feasible processes and equipment on commercial grade Czochralski (Cz) large-area (239 cm2) silicon wafers. This is accomplished by reducing both the electrical and optical losses in solar cells through fundamental understanding, applied research and demonstrating the success by fabricating large-area commercial ready cells with much higher efficiency than the traditional Si cells. By developing and integrating multiple efficiency enhancement features, namely low-cost high sheet resistance homogeneous emitter, optimized surface passivation, optimized rear reflector, back line contacts, and improved screen-printing with narrow grid lines, 20.8% efficient screen-printed PERC (passivated emitter and rear cell) solar cells were achieved on commercial grade 239 cm2 p-type Cz silicon wafers.