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Norovirus som orsakar vinterkräksjukan är en av de vanligaste vintersjukdomarna i Sverige. Sjukdomstiden varar generellt i en till tre dagar med symptomen kräkning och/eller diarré. Till den totala sjukdomsbilden världen över gällande akut gastroenterit, bidrar norovirus med 18 %. Trots att sjukdomen är mycket vanlig är kunskapen om norovirusets förfarande till stor del okänd.Syftet med studien var att göra en tidsserieanalys, även så kallad One-Step Growth analys, av koncentrationen minus-RNA i celler som infekterats med olika koncentrationer av murint norovirus (MNV). För att detektera minus-RNA användes RT-qPCR med SYBR Green. Målet var att se om startkoncentrationerna av virus vid någon tidpunkt korrelerar med mängden minus-RNA i cellerna. Efter 4 och 8 timmar fanns ett exponentiellt samband mellan den initiala viruskoncentrationen och minus-RNA-uttrycket i cellerna. Koncentrationen minus-RNA i de infekterade cellerna ökade mellan de undersökta tiderna 4, 8 och 24 timmar. Vidare visade resultaten att det krävs 4 timmar för att minus-RNA skulle vara kvantifierbar vid en högre infektionskoncentration av viruspartiklar, medan det krävs 24 timmar för den lägre infektionskoncentrationen av viruspartiklar. / Norovirus causes winter vomiting disease and is one of the commonest cause of winter illness in Sweden. The disease period generally lasts one to three days with symptoms like vomiting and/or diarrhea. To the disease burden of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, norovirus contributes with 18 %. Even though the illness is very common, the knowledge about norovirus is poor and largely unknown.The purpose of the study was to do a time series analysis, a so-called One-Step Growth analysis, of the minus-RNA concentration in cells infected with different concentrations of murine norovirus (MNV). For the detection of minus-RNA RT-qPCR was used with SYBR Green. The goal was to correlate start concentration of virus at any time with the amount of minus-RNA in the cells. At 4 and 8 hours there was an exponential connection by the initial virus concentration and minus-RNA development in the cells. The concentration of minus-RNA in the infected cells increased between 4, 8 and 24 hours. Further, the results can be interpreted as requiring 4 hours for the higher concentrations to become quantifiable, while requiring 24 hours for the lower concentrations to become quantifiable.

Background: Facial fat grafting for rejuvenation is one of the most popular facial aesthetic procedures in plastic surgery. It is always challenging and since there are a lot of techniques for adipose tissue (AT) harvesting, there are no standard procedures that guarantee natural and long-lasting results. We developed the selective tissue engineering photo stimulation technique (One STEP™) in which we used a novel infrared 1210-nm wavelength laser diode for fat preserved harvesting and direct fat injection that we named PicoGraft™, with no fat manipulation. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study in which we included all senior author’s patients that got facial fat grafting using the One STEP™ technique. We compared the AT aspirated, after laser emission (STEP-PicoGraft) and the standard assisted liposuction samples (SAL) in cultures. We study the mitochondrial activity of the ASC between STEP and SAL in fresh samples and after 24 h. The evaluation of the results included subjective changes regarding wrinkles, grooves, palpebral bags, hyperchromic spots, and fat hypotrophy of our patients. Results: Between July 2013 and May 2018, a total of 245 patients underwent facial fat grafting using this novel technique. We observed adipocytes preserved after STEP harvesting comparing morphologic changes in SAL samples with a high concentration of inflammatory particles in cultures. ASC mitochondrial activity shows an important difference of more than 7 times in STEP samples in fresh analysis that increase 12 times in 24 h. The subjective results show a good improvement in the periorbital area. The changes on the skin and subcutaneous tissue are seen from the second month and continue to improve up to 12 months. Conclusions: Facial fat grafting using the PicoGraft™ obtained by One STEP™ technique gives excellent volumetric and regenerative results in a single treatment without volumetric hypercorrection, and it is a good alternative for facial rejuvenation. The fat graft obtained with this novel technique is homogenous, without lumps, and has high concentration of viable stimulated ADSC and a high number of viable adipocytes. Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. / Revisión por pares

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<p>This thesis contains two parts. The first part concerns the research work on free molecules using synchrotron-radiation-related techniques. Auger electron spectra of two free open-shell molecules, O₂ and NO, were studied experimentally and theoretically. Photoionization experimental technique with tunable synchrotron radiation source was used to induce core-level electron ionization and obtain the <i>KVV</i> normal Auger electron spectra. A quantitative assignment of O₂ normal Auger spectrum was obtained by applying <i>ab initio</i> CI calculations and LVI Auger line shape simulations including the bond length dependence of Auger transition rates. The photon energy dependence of normal Auger electron spectra was focused on with photon energies in the vicinities of core-ionization threshold energies. Consequently, the MAPCI (Molecular Auger Post Collision Interaction) theory was developed. Taking the near-threshold O₂ normal Auger spectrum as an example, the two extreme cases of MAPCI effect, “atomic-like PCI” and “molecular PCI”, were discovered and discussed. The effect of shape resonance on near-threshold molecular normal Auger spectrum was discussed taking NO near threshold normal Auger spectra as example.</p><p>The second part deals with research work on the chemisorption of small epoxy organic molecules, ethylene oxide, methyl oxirane, on Si (100) surfaces. Synchrotron radiation related techniques, UPS, XPS and NEXAFS, were applied. Based on the valence photoemission spectra, C 1<i>s</i> and Si 2<i>p</i> XPS spectra, the epoxy ring opening reactions of these molecules in chemisorption process were proved. Further tentative search for the surface-adsorbate CDAD effect was performed, and no evident circular dichroism was confirmed.</p>

This thesis contains two parts. The first part concerns the research work on free molecules using synchrotron-radiation-related techniques. Auger electron spectra of two free open-shell molecules, O2 and NO, were studied experimentally and theoretically. Photoionization experimental technique with tunable synchrotron radiation source was used to induce core-level electron ionization and obtain the KVV normal Auger electron spectra. A quantitative assignment of O2 normal Auger spectrum was obtained by applying ab initio CI calculations and LVI Auger line shape simulations including the bond length dependence of Auger transition rates. The photon energy dependence of normal Auger electron spectra was focused on with photon energies in the vicinities of core-ionization threshold energies. Consequently, the MAPCI (Molecular Auger Post Collision Interaction) theory was developed. Taking the near-threshold O2 normal Auger spectrum as an example, the two extreme cases of MAPCI effect, “atomic-like PCI” and “molecular PCI”, were discovered and discussed. The effect of shape resonance on near-threshold molecular normal Auger spectrum was discussed taking NO near threshold normal Auger spectra as example. The second part deals with research work on the chemisorption of small epoxy organic molecules, ethylene oxide, methyl oxirane, on Si (100) surfaces. Synchrotron radiation related techniques, UPS, XPS and NEXAFS, were applied. Based on the valence photoemission spectra, C 1s and Si 2p XPS spectra, the epoxy ring opening reactions of these molecules in chemisorption process were proved. Further tentative search for the surface-adsorbate CDAD effect was performed, and no evident circular dichroism was confirmed.

In Uppsala CHP Plant, there are six pressure reducing valves to reduce the pressure from 15 to 3 bars, before six absorption heat pumps. During the process the energy is conserved but losses occur in form of exergy. The aim of this thesis is to reduce the losses of exergy. This can be done by letting turbines replace the pressure reducing valves. In this thesis an investigation has been done of the conditions today, the conditions after the change from pressure reducing valves to turbines and a comparison of three different types of turbine solutions. The three examined solutions are one turbine, several helical screw expanders and several small turbines in parallel with asynchronous generators. The six absorption heat pumps have been divided into two groups; one group of four and one group of two absorption heat pumps. An investigation of locations and space in nearby switchgears has been done for each group. Contacts with retailers of the examined turbine solutions have been taken to gather technical specifications. These technical specifications have been used to simulate the electricity production and the economical yield of each type of examined solution. The investigation shows that the best solution is the solution with several small turbines with asynchronous generators. It has lower investment cost (15 [MSEK]) and the best yield. The proposed solutions will have an installed capacity of 2.65 [MW] to a cost of 5 601 [SEK/kW]. The electric energy production will be 15.7 [GWh/year]. An investment is recommended to a future electric energy price around 400 [SEK/MWh]. Before an investment it is recommended to investigate how to optimize the regulation of the new system with absorptions heat pumps and turbines.

Die Bauteileigenschaften von Bauteilen und Baugruppen im Karosseriebau werden maßgeblich durch die während des Tiefziehprozesses auftretenden Formänderungen und Verfestigungen beeinflusst. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher die Umformsimulation in eine repräsentative virtuelle Prozesskette des Karosseriebaus integriert. Dazu wird zunächst die Datenübertragung zwischen den einzelnen Simulationsprogrammen in der Prozesskette Umformen - Fügen - Crash realisiert. Mit der anschließend durchgeführten Sensitivitätsanalyse wird festgestellt, welche Größen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Folgesimulationen haben. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen der Sensitivitätsanalyse wird eine Methode zur Gestaltung von einfachen Ankonstruktionen zur Verbesserung der Qualität der Ergebnisse der inversen Umformsimulation entwickelt und an einem Bauteil aus dem Karosseriebau validiert. Mit den durch die einfache Ankonstruktion erzielten Verbesserungen in den Ergebnissen der inversen Umformsimulation kann die entwickelte Methode einen Beitrag zur Erhöhung der Qualität der nachfolgenden Prozesssimulationen in der Prozesskette leisten.