Business models integrating the internet into their value propositions have demonstrated varying levels of viability. In particular, firms offering information-based products via the internet commonly are unable to generate sufficient revenue and, consequently, experience financial losses. Researchers continue to examine factors which motivate individuals' willingness-to-pay for online content. One factor from the marketing literature which has been argued to affect consumer behavior is social influence. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the three levels of social influence, micro-, meso-, and macro-, on both willingness-to-pay for online content and each other. This is accomplished by examining social influence in the context of online gaming, which has proven to be one of the most successful industries in integrating the internet as a delivery channel for information-based goods. Our results suggested that all levels of social influence play a considerable role in the product valuation process. While micro-level influences, such as attitude, arguably serve as the best predictors of WTP, we found that macro-level social influence, in the form of reputation, played the greatest role in affecting the formation of individual attitudes and behaviors. This was due not only to its direct effect on WTP, but also a consequence of several significant indirect effects. Our hypothesis that an interaction effect occurs between social influences such that their effect on WTP would be "greater than the sum of their parts" was not supported. Nonetheless, our study demonstrates social influence's ability to affect an individual is not a straight forward process. Only examining the relationships between constructs occurring at different levels of social structure does the magnitude of interaction which occurs between them becomes apparent.

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Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-11T13:56:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPPJM - RICARDO FOTIOS HATZIGEROGIOU.pdf: 89994916 bytes, checksum: 10eec05217008402d932b74a6a5896c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-11T13:56:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPPJM - RICARDO FOTIOS HATZIGEROGIOU.pdf: 89994916 bytes, checksum: 10eec05217008402d932b74a6a5896c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-11T13:58:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPPJM - RICARDO FOTIOS HATZIGEROGIOU.pdf: 89994916 bytes, checksum: 10eec05217008402d932b74a6a5896c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-11T13:58:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPPJM - RICARDO FOTIOS HATZIGEROGIOU.pdf: 89994916 bytes, checksum: 10eec05217008402d932b74a6a5896c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / The fragmentation of the production and consumption of news on the Internet triggers the need for more and better processes to measure audience habits to guide the journalistic work. This new skill in the professional routine – which emerges from the increase in “big data” gathering and analyzes associated with the complexity of the publishing systems, also called CMS (Content Management System) – allows the journalist to follow all stages of news spreading in terms of quantity of accesses as well as public engagement. In this research, called ROC (Portuguese acronym for Click-Oriented News Reporting), we sought to analyze the impact that the knowledge of these consumption habits exerts on the deontology of cyberjournalism, more specifically, on the selection of guidelines and highlights in editorial homepages of websites and news portals. / A fragmentação da produção e do consumo de notícias na internet desencadeia a necessidade de mais e melhores processos de aferição de métricas de audiência para balizar o trabalho jornalístico. Essa nova competência na rotina profissional – que emerge da expansão dos cruzamentos de dados em rede (big data) associada à complexificação dos sistemas publicadores, chamados CMS (Content Management System) – permite ao jornalista acompanhar a trajetória da circulação da produção informativa tanto em quantidade de acessos quanto em engajamento do público. Nesta pesquisa, denominada Reportagem Orientada pelo Clique (ROC), buscamos analisar o impacto que o conhecimento dos hábitos de consumo exerce sobre a deontologia do ciberjornalismo, mais especificamente, na escolha de pautas e na seleção de destaques nas homepages editoriais de sites e portais de notícias.

This is a study about how the 16 different municipalities in Värmland county are representing ​diversity and equality on their websites by use of content analysis. I analysed diversity and equality in photos of people, ​first in a general context on the municipality homepages and then on their pages related to business and work. I found that there was a substantial knowledge gap in this area (of analysing official messages through photos displayed in the municipal context), although much research has been done previously on commercial imagery, for instance in advertising. From my analysis I concluded that nearly all of the municipalities in Värmland county could and should improve on representing diversity in their photos, both on their homepages and on their pages related to business and work. Looking at representations of gender only, the county of Värmland as a whole is closing in on a almost equal representation of women and men. But with some municipalities sprawling representing only one gender, there is definitely room for improvement here as well.

Der Beitrag entwickelt einen Betrachtungsrahmen für E-Publikationen. Hierzu werden Merkmale mit einem Fokus auf General Online Content Services entwickelt und mit zugehörigen Merkmalsausprägungen eingeführt. Die Merkmale lassen sich wie folgt gruppieren: Publikationsweise (Veröffentlichungsform, Art der Primärinhalte, Publikationsweise und Erscheinungshäufigkeit), ausgewählte Akteure (Autoren, Autorentyp und Redakteure), funktionaler Umfang (Personalisierungsmöglichkeiten und Funktionen) und ökonomische Aspekte (Einnahmequellen, Preisfindung und Bezahlmöglichkeiten). Die Anwendbarkeit der Betrachtungsmerkmale wird an Hand von zwei Beispielspublikationen aus obiger Anwendungsdomäne und einem domänenfremden Beispiel getestet. Im Ergebnis erweisen sich die vorgeschlagenen Merkmale und ihre Ausprägungen als anwendbar und abprüfbar. Neben der Möglichkeit der Bestandsaufnahme, die bei einer einzelnen E-Publikation im Zeitverlauf Veränderungen abbilden kann, bietet der durch die Merkmale geformte Betrachtungsrahmen eine Möglichkeit, verschiedene elektronische Publikation vergleichend gegenüberzustellen, Stärken und Schwächen zu identifizieren und dadurch Entwicklungspfade für Erweiterung und Ausbau einer E-Publikation aufzuzeigen.

Работа посвящена проблеме обучения старших дошкольников лексической стороне речи в условиях цифровизации иноязычного образования. В работе представлен анализ современных тенденций в образовании и используемых средств и методов обучения, учитывающих психолого-физиологические особенности данной возрастной группы. Также проведено эмпирическое исследование, на основе которого проанализированы особенности восприятия лексических единиц старшими дошкольниками в контексте использования цифровых технологий. В результате работы была разработана методика обучения лексической стороне речи, основанная на использовании цифровых технологий, которая позволяет оптимизировать процесс обучения и повысить эффективность формирования лексических навыков у детей старшего дошкольного возраста. В первой части работы рассматриваются общие понятия психолого-физиологических особенностей дошкольников. Основываясь на особенностях психологии и физиологии детей старшего дошкольного возраста, анализируются методические требования к организации обучения иностранному языку в детском возрасте. Особое внимание отводится терминам «цифровизация» и «образовательный контент». Подробно описываются средства и методы обучения детей. Проведенный анализ подчеркивает необходимость использования широкого спектра методов для эффективной организации обучения. Особое внимание уделяется применению наглядности, игр, мотивации и учету возрастных особенностей детей. Анализ средств и методов, используемых для обучения лексической стороне речи, показал, что необходимо создание онлайн-контента, способного помочь в формировании целенаправленных лексических навыков. Именно онлайн-контент, состоящий из видеоуроков, представляет собой наиболее эффективный метод обучения в старшем дошкольном возрасте. Во второй части работы раскрываются принципы построения онлайн-контента для обучения старших дошкольников лексической стороне речи. Принципы включают в себя максимально доступное использование наглядных материалов, игровых элементов, мотивации при учёте возрастных особенностей обучающихся лексической стороне речи. Более того, дано описание цикла видеоуроков обучения иностранному языку старших дошкольников. Описанный в работе образовательный контент предоставляет детям возможность изучать новые слова и выражения в игровой форме при помощи визуализации, погружения в языковую среду. В работе проведен линейный эксперимент по апробации эффективности видеоуроков с доступом в онлайн-режиме. Проведенный эксперимент подтвердил гипотезу об эффективности использования видеоуроков для обучения лексической стороне речи у старших дошкольников. Представлены результаты проведенной экспериментальной работы по формированию лексической стороны речи старших дошкольников в контексте цифровизации иноязычного образования. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в обучении старших дошкольников в детских дошкольных учреждениях. В приложении приводится примерный план хода урока по теме: «Фрукты». / The study is devoted to the problem of teaching preschoolers the lexical side of speech in the conditions of digitalization of foreign language education. The study presents an analysis of current trends in education and the means and methods of teaching used, considering the psychological and physiological characteristics of this age group. An empirical study was also conducted, based on the peculiarities of the perception of lexical units by preschoolers in the context of the use of digital technologies were analyzed. As a result of the work, a method of teaching the lexical side of speech was developed, based on the use of digital technologies, which allows optimizing the learning process and increasing the effectiveness of the formation of lexical skills in preschool children aged 5-7 years old. In the first part of the work, the general concepts of psychological and physiological characteristics of preschoolers are considered. Based on the peculiarities of the psychology and physiology of children of 5-7 years old, the methodological requirements for the organization of teaching a foreign language in childhood are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the terms of digitalization and educational content. The means and methods of teaching children are described in detail. The analysis carried out emphasizes the need to use a wide range of methods for the effective organization of training. Particular attention is paid to the use of visualization, games, motivation and considering the age characteristics of children. An analysis of the means and methods used to teach the lexical side of speech showed that it is necessary to create online content that can help in the formation of targeted lexical skills. It is online content, consisting of video lessons, that is the most effective method of teaching at the senior preschool age. The second part of the work reveals the principles of constructing online content for teaching preschoolers the lexical side of speech. The principles include the most accessible use of visual materials, game elements, motivation, considering the age characteristics of students learning the lexical side of speech. Moreover, a description of video lessons for teaching a foreign language to older preschoolers is given. The educational content described in the study provides children with the opportunity to learn new words and expressions in a playful way through visualization and immersion in the language environment. In the study, a linear experiment was carried out to test the effectiveness of video lessons with online access. The experiment confirmed the hypothesis about the effectiveness of using video lessons for teaching the lexical side of speech in older preschoolers. The results of the experimental work on the formation of the lexical side of the speech of older preschoolers in the context of the digitalization of foreign language education are presented. The results of the study can be used in teaching preschoolers in preschool kindergartens. The appendix provides an approximate plan for the course of the lesson on the topic: "Fruits".

The integration of social media records into enterprise content management systems is crucial to organisations as it enables them to have access to these records if they are required for evidential purposes. However, despite social media content being considered as official records in state-owned enterprises, they are often left unmanaged. The purpose of this study was to investigate the integration of social media content into the enterprise content management system at the South African Broadcast Corporation Limpopo provincial office in South Africa. The study utilised quantitative data collected through questionnaires distributed to SABC employees and employees at three radio stations in the Limpopo provincial office (Munghanalonene FM, Thobela FM and Phalaphala FM). The key results suggest that there were no policies or guidelines on the management of digital records that emanated from social media. It was discovered that the SABC’s Limpopo provincial office opened official accounts with various social media platforms such as SNSs, online content communities and podcasts to use for official matters; yet content generated through these platforms is neither managed nor preserved. It has been established that the responsibility of managing social media content is unconsciously assigned to the creators of the content as no official records management responsibilities were assigned. It is recommended that digital records emanating from the use of social media by the staff of the SABC Limpopo provincial office need to be treated and managed as official records, like all other paper-based records. In this regard, a policy for integration of social media content into enterprise content management is desirable. A further study on the development of a framework to integrate social media content into organisational records management is recommended. social media content, social media platform, enterprise content management, digital records, records, records management, online content communities, South African Broadcasting Authority. / Information Science / M.A.(Information Science)

Der Beitrag entwickelt einen Betrachtungsrahmen für E-Publikationen. Hierzu werden Merkmale mit einem Fokus auf General Online Content Services entwickelt und mit zugehörigen Merkmalsausprägungen eingeführt. Die Merkmale lassen sich wie folgt gruppieren: Publikationsweise (Veröffentlichungsform, Art der Primärinhalte, Publikationsweise und Erscheinungshäufigkeit), ausgewählte Akteure (Autoren, Autorentyp und Redakteure), funktionaler Umfang (Personalisierungsmöglichkeiten und Funktionen) und ökonomische Aspekte (Einnahmequellen, Preisfindung und Bezahlmöglichkeiten). Die Anwendbarkeit der Betrachtungsmerkmale wird an Hand von zwei Beispielspublikationen aus obiger Anwendungsdomäne und einem domänenfremden Beispiel getestet. Im Ergebnis erweisen sich die vorgeschlagenen Merkmale und ihre Ausprägungen als anwendbar und abprüfbar. Neben der Möglichkeit der Bestandsaufnahme, die bei einer einzelnen E-Publikation im Zeitverlauf Veränderungen abbilden kann, bietet der durch die Merkmale geformte Betrachtungsrahmen eine Möglichkeit, verschiedene elektronische Publikation vergleichend gegenüberzustellen, Stärken und Schwächen zu identifizieren und dadurch Entwicklungspfade für Erweiterung und Ausbau einer E-Publikation aufzuzeigen.

In today’s business climate permeated by Big Data, an opportunity to drive performance lies in analysing consumer behaviour from user data. In particular for online content providers, user data is available in abundance and logged continuously. This leads to new possibilities for design and usage of metrics, as businesses can benefit from smart and timely decision-making. However, in order to profit from user data in performance measurement (PM), it is critical to identify metrics that truly guide decisions. Thus, an effective and efficient PM process is imperative. Despite its promise, Big Data’s role in PM has been scarcely researched. Research has studied user behaviour from data, for instance in the context of video or audio streaming and web search, but primarily with a focus on technical performance. In addition, the research on online content providers’ PM is fragmented, and has mainly been conducted by practitioners. Thus, the PM field needs to be updated to reflect today’s dynamic and digital business climate. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore how online content providers, generating a large amount of user data, work with PM, and also practically illustrate how metrics can be designed from user data. The research was carried out as a case study at an audio streaming company, but empirics was also gathered from other online content providers with the aim to increase the generalisability. The illustration of metric design was based on quantitative analysis of commuters’ in-car audio streaming. For commuters’ audio streaming it was found that suitable metrics should capture the habitual nature. Therefore engagement metrics were found to be applicable, for instance the fraction having sessions both in the morning and afternoon, and the fraction having more than one day commuting with the streaming service per week. In regard to online content providers’ PM process, this research contributes with a proposed framework, which was developed from three existing frameworks; HEART reflected as important measurement dimensions and translation of goals to metrics, OKR which sets the focus in terms of high-level goals, and design-implement-use reflected as the process’ phases. It was found that insights from user data and explicit user feedback are complementary and can arise throughout the whole process, and that mutual communication between data scientists and product managers is crucial. Further, four types of iterations were identified in the process; modifying a metric, designing new metrics, completely changing a metric, and starting new initiatives. Moreover, metrics were found to be highly context dependent. Additionally, four important aspects were identified in metric design; data availability and proxy assessment, characteristics and form of metric, metric trade-offs, and metric movement interpretation. / I dagens affärsklimat genomsyrat av Big Data finns en möjlighet att driva resultat framåt genom analys av kundbeteenden från användardata. I synnerhet för online-tjänsteföretag samlas användardata kontinuerligt och finns tillgänglig i en oerhörd mängd. Detta skapar nya möjligheter för design och användande av mätetal då företag kan utveckla smartare och snabbare beslutsfattande. För att verkligen dra fördel av användardata i prestationsmätning (PM) är det dock kritiskt att identifiera mätetal som faktiskt bistår beslutsfattande, vilket följaktligen kräver en effektiv PM-process. Trots potentialen är forskning på Big Data inom PM begränsad. Studier har analyserat kundbeteenden från användardata, exempelvis i kontexten av strömmad video eller audio och webbsökningar, men primärt med fokus på tjänstens tekniska prestanda. Vidare är forskning på PM hos online-tjänsteföretag fragmenterad, och huvudsakligen genomförd av företag inom industrin. Följaktligen bör fältet aktualiseras för att reflektera dagens digitala och dynamiska affärsklimat. Därför var syftet med denna studie att utforska hur online-tjänsteföretag, som besitter stora mängder användardata, arbetar med PM, men även praktiskt illustrera hur mätetal kan designas från denna data. Studien genomfördes som en fallstudie på ett ljud-strömningsföretag, men empiri insamlades även från andra online-tjänsteföretag med avsikt att öka generaliserbarheten. Den praktiska illustrationen av mätetals-design baserades på en kvantitativ analys av pendlares audio-strömning i bil. För pendlares audio-strömning i bil fann denna studie att lämpliga mätetal bör fånga den vanemässiga aspekten associerad med pendling. Därmed anses mätetal som reflekterar engagemang lämpliga, exempelvis andelen som har sessioner både på förmiddagen och eftermiddagen och andelen som har mer än en dag med pendlar-sessioner i veckan. Gällande PM-processen hos online-tjänsteföretag bidrar denna studie med ett föreslaget ramverk som utvecklades från tre existerande ramverk; HEART som reflekteras i form av viktiga mätetalsdimensioner samt översättning av mål till mätetal, OKR vilket sätter fokus för processen i termer av mål på högre nivå, och designa-implementera-använda som reflekterar processens faser. I studien kom det fram att insikter från användardata och explicit användaråterkoppling kompletterar varandra, och att dessa kan uppkomma under hela processen. Vidare konstaterar denna studie att ömsesidig kommunikation mellan dataforskare och produktchefer är essentiellt. Dessutom identifierades fyra typer av iterationer som kan förekomma vid användning av mätetal; modifiera mätetal, designa nya mätetal, fullständigt förändra mätetal samt påbörja nya initiativ. Därutöver kan studien konstatera att mätetal är högst kontextberoende, och att det finns fyra viktiga aspekter att ta hänsyn till i mätetals-design; data-tillgänglighet och proxy-utvärdering, karaktäristik och form på mätetal, trade-off mellan mätetal, samt tolkning av mätetals-förändringar.