The intent of this study was to examine the relationship between media multitasking orientation and grade point average. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach to investigate the research questions. In the quantitative section of the study, the primary method of statistical analyses was multiple regression. The independent variables for the study were media multitasking orientation, gender, age, and income. The dependent variable for the study was grade point average. Three out of four independent variables, namely, media multitasking orientation, gender and age were statistically significant predictors of grade point average. In the qualitative section of the study, seven participants were interviewed to determine how individual differences in media multitasking orientation manifest themselves in academic settings.

This study explored the relationship between message modalities and memory performance in a media environment. In order to examine the role of message modalities in media multitasking activity, this research investigated the memory performance of participants after their exposure with the news stories and the commercials between same and different modalities. The research employed a 2 X 3 experiment using two independent variables: Modality of news broadcast (audio news vs. audio-visual news) and modality of commercials (audio commercials vs. visual commercials vs. audio-visual commercials). The research questionnaire was intended to reveal the influence of modality on participant performance by recalling the content of news stories, brand names of the commercials and product types of the commercials. Although the results indicate that there is no significant interaction effect of news modality and commercial modality on news recall, the majority of hypothesized interaction effect received support in this study. Finally, this research reinforces the school of human cognitive capacities are domain-specific.

A number of studies have explored the impact of multitasking on specific cognitive skills, primarily with regard to non-media multitasking activities. While briefly addressing technology, its use in the modern era regarding media multitasking and its associated cognitive declines has not been extensively examined. Forty-nine participants were required to complete a series of cognitive tasks including the Stroop Color and Word Test and the Trail Making Test. Data were also collected for how often participants media multitask, the amount of technology they use, as well as other demographic variables. The goal of this study was to empirically examine the role of technology use and media multitasking on cognitive processes such as selective attention and task switching. It was hypothesized that those grouped as high media-multitaskers would predict a faster reaction time on the Stroop task, in line with previous literature by Cain & Mitroff (2011). Results showed a significant relationship exhibiting a negative correlation between the two factors, thereby accepting the hypothesis. Findings conclude with considerations for both the use and design of technological interfaces and devices as they apply to a variety of operational settings and high-tech environments.

The aim of this paper is to investigate how media-multitasking (MMT) affects cognitive abilities, particularly concentration. MMT is becoming increasingly popular, especially among those aged 16-25, and concerns have been raised about its impact on attention spans, particularly with the widespread use of the social media app TikTok. To explore this relationship, a test group of 26 computer science and media technology students were asked to watch a video and answer questions based on it. The participants were divided into three groups that performed the test with varying levels of visual multitasking. The results showed that multitasking had a slight negative impact on cognitive ability, with better performance on visual questions when participants were not multitasking, and better performance on sound-based questions when they were multitasking. Overall, the study suggests that while multitasking can overload certain senses, it can also enhance alertness and concentration if not taken to cognitive overload. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur media-multitasking (MMT) påverkar hjärnans olika kognitiva modaliteter, dvs olika former av kognitivt uppfattande eller sätt att bearbeta information, och då kopplat specifikt till koncentration. MMT blir allt mer populärt och särskilt bland personer i åldrarna 16-25. Oro har väckts kring hur MMT påverkar uppmärksamheten, särskilt vid användning av den sociala appen TikTok. För att undersöka detta förhållande bads en testgrupp, bestående av 26 studenter inom datavetenskap och medieteknik, att titta på en video samt besvara frågor baserade på den. Deltagarna delades in i tre grupper som utförde testet på olika nivåer av visuell multitasking. Resultatet visade att multitasking hade en minimal till oansenlig negativ påverkan på prestation inom de provade modaliteterna. Deltagarna presterade bättre på visuella frågor när deltagarna inte multitaskande. Resultatet visade att svaren på de ljudbaserade frågorna förbättrades till viss del när testgruppen multitaskade. Sammantaget kan studien inte dra några säkra slutsatser, men det finns indikationer på att multitasking kan överbelasta vissa sinnen samtidigt som det kan underlätta för individer att förbli alerta och därmed förbättra koncentrationen, förutsatt att det inte leder till kognitiv överbelastning.

In the last decade, the use of digital devices such as television, smartphones, computers, laptops, and tablets has drastically increased. The development of technology has made it possible for the individual to be qickly stimulated and have information available at anytime and anywhere through various digital devices. This development has increased the screen time on these digital devices, which potentially can have psychological effects and influence attentional abilities. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate relationships between screen use in everyday life and different forms of attention (focused attention, devided attention, sustained attention, selective attention, motivated attention) in adults over 18 years of age. A questionnaire with questions about screen time and perceived attention in everyday life was sent out and answered online by total of 26 participants. A correlation analysis was performed on the collected data and the results showed no significant correlation between respective type of attention (including a measure of total attention) and screen time. Several factors may have influenced the results of this study, such as sample size, age group, choice of method, and that an objective measure of attention was not used.

(in English): The aim of this thesis is to analyze, how exactly the constant connectivity, social media activity, and online presence influences productivity and performance of university students, presumably also their grades. The data used in the analysis and my practical part were collected from a questionnaire translated by me, the source of which was a study created in 2016 (Lau, 2016). The target group of the research were students at Czech universities, regardless of the type or level of study, who actively use social media, often for communication related to their academic preparations. The subject of the research is to find out how social media influences students in their academic activities, and whether the findings that were presented in the source study can also be applied to the dataset collected for this thesis. The final result of the thesis should be mainly new knowledge from this field within the Czech university environment and possible recommendations.

A study by Ophir, Nass & Wagner found that younger adults who are heavy media multitaskers (HMM) perform worse on cognitive measures assessing inhibitory control. Previous findings indicated no benefit to being an HMM, however extrapolating from the aging literature wherein older adults can use distraction beneficially, the authors hypothesized that HMMs might show parallel gains. Two tasks (Reading with Distraction, and the Flanker task) are reported with regard to trait media multitasking preference in undergraduates. As expected, LMMs generally outperformed HMMs, but less consistently than predicted. The hypothesis was not proven; media multitaskers, while 4x more likely to recognize the implicit nature of the task, were not more likely to use previously distracting information suggesting that a different mechanism is operating in HMMs than older adults who readily use this information.

A study by Ophir, Nass & Wagner found that younger adults who are heavy media multitaskers (HMM) perform worse on cognitive measures assessing inhibitory control. Previous findings indicated no benefit to being an HMM, however extrapolating from the aging literature wherein older adults can use distraction beneficially, the authors hypothesized that HMMs might show parallel gains. Two tasks (Reading with Distraction, and the Flanker task) are reported with regard to trait media multitasking preference in undergraduates. As expected, LMMs generally outperformed HMMs, but less consistently than predicted. The hypothesis was not proven; media multitaskers, while 4x more likely to recognize the implicit nature of the task, were not more likely to use previously distracting information suggesting that a different mechanism is operating in HMMs than older adults who readily use this information.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22885号 / 医博第4679号 / 新制||医||1048(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊佐 正, 教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 高橋 淳 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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