The present study investigated the job satisfaction of 205 adjunct faculty teaching standardized online courses at a private university in the United States. The extent of the relationship between demographic, motivator, and hygiene factors associated with adjunct faculty job satisfaction were identified. Results from this study indicate that adjunct faculty value work recognition, technical and instructional technology support, and take pride in their teaching. Important faculty satisfaction predictors based on analyses of hierarchical regression models were motivator factors recognition, achievement, and work itself, and hygiene factors policy and administration and salary.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / nÃo hà / Esse estudo aborda a formaÃÃo dos profissionais que atuam na docÃncia online, especificamente da tutoria. ReflexÃes nos encaminharam para o aprofundamento acerca do profissional que atua na educaÃÃo a distÃncia virtual e das diferentes dimensÃes a ele relacionadas, notadamente aos saberes e prÃticas desses atores, especificamente o tutor virtual. Como referencial teÃrico principal, foram escolhidos Tardif (1999) e Therrien (2006, 2009) em relaÃÃo aos saberes docentes e formaÃÃo do professor; Mill (2006, 2004), que estuda sobre a polidocÃncia na EducaÃÃo a DistÃncia; Young (2014), Jucà (2011), Pereira (2004), Lima (2008) no que se refere aos usos, metodologias e prÃticas em EaD. Por meio de leituras e reflexÃes, esses autores foram levados a dialogarem com o problema de pesquisa proposto: Quais saberes e prÃticas para o exercÃcio da docÃncia online? De que forma se revelam os saberes e prÃticas da tutoria virtual? Nesse sentido, a partir das pesquisas realizadas e do aprofundamento teÃrico, os objetivos da pesquisa foram organizados de forma a possibilitar a investigaÃÃo das questÃes centrais, originÃrias do trabalho. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral desvelar saberes e prÃticas da aÃÃo tutorial na EducaÃÃo a distÃncia virtual. E como objetivos especÃficos teve os seguintes: descrever o papel do tutor no contexto do ensino superior a distÃncia (UAB); verificar como os planos de formaÃÃo de tutoria contemplam os saberes e as prÃticas necessÃrias ao exercÃcio da tutoria online; constatar as lacunas, os desafios e as potencialidades da prÃtica de tutoria. O lÃcus da pesquisa foi o curso de formaÃÃo de tutores do Instituto Federal de EducaÃÃo, CiÃncia e Tecnologia do Cearà (IFCE). O estudo realizado consistiu em uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Para alcanÃar os objetivos delineados destacamos os procedimentos, instrumentos e tÃcnicas de pesquisa: Pesquisa exploratÃria em sites institucionais; Entrevista semi-estrutura realizada com professores-tutores que passaram por cursos de formaÃÃo e possuem experiÃncia de mais de 5 anos na docÃncia online; Registro da formaÃÃo de tutores no ambiente virtual Moodle (Modelo IFCE). Diante disso, percebemos que o uso das tecnologias digitais na educaÃÃo a distÃncia (EaD), traz consequÃncias para o trabalho do professor, ou seja, o uso de uma determinada tecnologia nÃo ocorre ao acaso e de forma neutra, mas intencionalmente com vista a determinados fins que serà definido pelos sujeitos histÃricos em seu contexto social.

O presente estudo examina um dos modelos de blended learning que é modelo rotativo com seu subgrupo flipped classroom ou sala de aula invertida e a possibilidade de inclusão dessa modalidade de ensino em cursos superiores de moda, com o objetivo de ser aplicado ao ensino para os conteúdos de modelagem plana avançada sendo essa matéria prática. A análise inicial é bibliográfica e reúne contribuições teóricas e práticas de vários autores em livros, artigos, dissertações e teses. A coleta de dados foi em campo de caráter quantitativo e ocorreu por meio de questionários aplicados antes e depois de experimentação de um modulo on-line de ensino de modelagem plana, em vídeo, do qual participaram 42 alunos e oito professores. Com base nas respostas e na observação das atividades realizadas, conclui-se que existiria uma aceitação considerável dos alunos e professores para o ensino on-line, sugerindo a relevância de sua realização na disciplina de modelagem plana como os aspectos facilitadores do aprendizado / The present study examines one of the models of blended learning that is a rotating model with its subgroup flipped classroom or inverted classroom and the possibility of including this modality of education in higher fashion courses, with the objective of being applied to teaching the contents of advanced flat modeling being this practical matter. The initial analysis is bibliographical and brings together theoretical and practical contributions of several authors in books, articles, dissertations and theses. The data collection was in a quantitative field and occurred through questionnaires applied before and after experimentation of an online model of teaching of flat modeling in video, in which 42 students and eight teachers participated. Based on the responses and observation of the activities performed, it was concluded that there would be a considerable acceptance of students and teachers for online teaching, suggesting the relevance of their achievement in the discipline of flat modeling as the facilitating aspects of learning

The purpose of this study was to (a) develop an evaluation instrument capable of rating students' perceptions of the instructional quality of an online course and the instructor’s performance, and (b) validate the proposed instrument with a study conducted at a major public university. The instrument was based upon the Seven Principles of Good Practice for Undergraduate Education (Chickering & Gamson, 1987). The study examined four specific questions. 1. Is the underlying factor structure of the new instrument consistent with Chickering and Gamson's Seven Principles? 2. Is the factor structure of the new instrument invariant for male and female students? 3. Are the scores on the new instrument related students’ expected grades? 4. Are the scores on the new instrument related to the students' perceived course workload? The instrument was designed to measure students’ levels of satisfaction with their instruction, and also gathered information concerning the students’ sex, the expected grade in the course, and the students’ perceptions of the amount of work required by the course. A cluster sample consisting of an array of online courses across the disciplines yielded a total 297 students who responded to the online survey. The students for each course selected were asked to rate their instructors with the newly developed instrument. Question 1 was answered using exploratory factor analysis, and yielded a factor structure similar to the Seven Principles. Question 2 was answered by separately factor-analyzing the responses of male and female students and comparing the factor structures. The resulting factor structures for men and women were different. However, 14 items could be realigned under five factors that paralleled some of the Seven Principles. When the scores of only those 14 items were entered in two principal components factor analyses using only men and only women, respectively and restricting the factor structure to five factors, the factor structures were the same for men and women. A weak positive relationship between students’ expected grades and their scores on the instrument was found (Question 3). There was no relationship between students’ perceived workloads for the course and their scores on the instrument (Question 4).

The flipped classroom is a teaching method where students access instructional materials outside of class through teacher-made videos or readings so that time spent in-class with the instructor can focus on collaboration and student-driven practice. This instructional practice has gained popularity worldwide at the secondary and post-secondary level because of its perceived benefits for students. Such benefits include higher test scores and proficiency, more frequent interactions between teachers and students, increased content knowledge and application, and improved motivation and attitude towards a course. Although worthwhile, much of the research lacks details of teacher perspectives on the method and its use in secondary, world-language classes, specifically in the state of Utah. This study analyzed the responses of 33 world-language teachers in the state of Utah to questions about their training on the flipped method, their use of it in the classroom, and their views on the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. The purpose of this study was to understand how world-language teachers in the state of Utah are using the flipped method and to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the method from a world-language teacher's perspective. The key data source for this qualitative study was a 22-question electronic survey. The results of this study indicate that although there is a moderately high rate of training for teachers on the flipped method, there is a low rate of implementation among the world-language teachers. In addition, teachers responded that their top three advantages of the flipped method include allowing more one-one-one time between teacher and student, allowing for self-paced learning of students, and proving a more in-depth study of course material. Participants also acknowledged the top challenges to the flipped method to be an increased workload outside of class for both teachers and students, students being less-able to complete in-class activities without proper preparation and a lack of student motivation. Possible areas of future research are recommended.

Thesis advisor: Ana M. Martinez-Aleman / As online education continues to grow in the United States, few studies have investigated how faculty members perceive their instructional roles and their organizations to be changing as a result. This qualitative study is based on interviews with twenty-two faculty members from public and private non-profit institutions across the United States, and found that faculty members perceived the course design process, interactions with their students, and their own approach to teaching all changed substantially in the online context, typically in ways that inclined them to see these efforts as higher quality than their on ground teaching endeavors. Despite this, faculty members did not perceive that their departments or their institutions changed very much as a result of online education, and determined that institutional motivations for online education were consistent with typical market-aligned non-profit approaches to higher education in the United States (e.g., based on competition, student demand, and expanding institutional reach). Moreover, this market-aligned inclination identified by faculty members aligns well with Slaughter and Rhoades’ (2004) theory of academic capitalism. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

The increased use of online teaching during the year 2020 has highlighted that there is still a lack of knowledge on how the virtual classroom affects interacting and speaking. Therefore, this study focuses on answering the following two research questions: To what degree does online teaching support speaking and interaction in the classroom? Also, what strategies can teachers use to facilitate speaking and interacting better online? To answer the research questions, the author collected information from six different empirical studies in the field. One key result is that it is of high importance to increase the amount of interaction and communication between students in the Secondary School classroom. Furthermore, it is also highlighted that improving the design and structure can promote more purposeful interaction and communication between students and teachers. One implication of the study and for the field of research, in general, is that it only focuses on English as a second language and no other subjects. Another implication is that the study used only six empirical studies to collect the information which makes it difficult to generalise the results.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, educators across the world saw a sudden shifttowards conducting their teaching online. As research has revealed that interpersonalcommunication is among the most impacted areas of education, this study aims to investigatehow English language teachers in Sweden have adapted their methods and utilized thetechnologies they have been reliant on to conduct their teaching remotely to facilitate interstudent and student-teacher communication. Data was gathered by interviewing practicingteachers and observing English language lessons, and subsequently analyzed to describe theteacher experience as well as to identify how their methods had been adapted as a result ofthe shift to synchronous online teaching. As for the latter, the PICRAT model was utilized toidentify the types of technology implementation. The findings of this study suggest that theinterviewed teachers were not given sufficient organizational support, leading to theirimplementation of technology being inadequate for facilitating interpersonal communication.These findings support those of contemporary research on the topic of the shift tosynchronous online teaching. Finally, this study suggests that increased organizationalsupport in terms of adjustment time, long-term planning, training in technologyimplementation, and continuous evaluation of the same are required to maintain a highquality of English language education when moved online.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore faculty members’ accounts of their experiences as first-time online instructors during the Spring 2020 academic semester as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting mandatory shift to online instruction. The rapid and widespread nature of the outbreak created an unprecedented phenomenon that significantly impacted instructors with no prior experience teaching courses in a fully online fashion. I interviewed 10 professors from various disciplines with at least three years of teaching experience in the traditional classroom. Each instructor was asked to express how the pandemic affected them personally as well as how the mandatory shift to online instruction affected their teaching style. They were also asked to describe the role that institutional support played in their experiences during the pandemic and to share their feelings regarding how COVID-19 has altered the future of higher education. The analysis of this data identified the following common themes: the instructor, the discipline, the students, survival and adaptation, innovation and evolution, on-camera presence and etiquette, synchronous versus asynchronous, administrative leadership, technical support, the new normal and the lasting effects, the balance between in-person and remote instruction, and the notion that higher education is moving forward to a new reality rather than backward to a pre-COVID-19 atmosphere. These results can benefit institutional leadership and faculty in the development of hybrid and online courses.

In recent years, Video-based Synchronous Computer Mediated Communication (VSCMC) has been applied in EFL education for young Chinese learners. VSCMC teaching, as distinctive from face-to-face teaching, brings numerous planning challenges for teachers using technology. Research has shown that teacher beliefs significantly affect lesson planning for technology integration. However, teacher beliefs towards VSCMC specifically have been insufficiently studied in the field of EFL education for young learners. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore how teacher beliefs influence lesson planning regarding VSCMC teaching. Six participants in the Chinese context were interviewed in the study. The results indicated that teachers had transitional pedagogical beliefs, strong self-efficacy beliefs, and a complex set of value beliefs towards VSCMC teaching. Accordingly, these beliefs motivated them to teach in VSCMC settings in particular ways and influenced their lesson planning processes in terms of determining learning objectives, designing course content, and choosing teaching methods.