Chapter 2 starts by discussing the approach to take when evaluating open source software from a value perspective, in other words, to look past the “excitement” in order to make an objective, fact-based decision. To identify value aspects, the customer activity cycle is used. This cycle defines three phases of activity – pre, during and post, with value contributions possible at each phase. The pre phase is then elaborated upon in this chapter – a phase where the decision on “what” is made. In other words, what product is most necessary for an organisation based on its current requirements in the value chain, the value delivery network as well as minimising the type of risks involved. / Prof. N. Lessing

Student Number : 0100281N - MSc(Eng) Research Report - School of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / Many environmental and engineering projects require prediction of the velocity of flow in river channels, in terms of those channel properties and flow characteristics which induce resisting forces or an energy loss to the flow. Relationships such as the Manning, Chézy and Darcy-Weisbach equations have been in use for a century or more. All of them account for resistance with a single coefficient of resistance, and the central problem is evaluation of this coefficient. Experimental results by different researchers have shown that Manning’s n varies strongly with the ratio of flow depth to roughness height. It is constant for values of this ratio above about 4, but increases significantly for lower values. This suggests that the equation is not suitable in its original form for the case of intermediate-scale roughness. The roughness is intermediate-scale if the relative submergence ratio of flow depth to roughness elements height lies between 1 and 4. The influence of the roughness elements on flow resistance in this regime is caused by a combination of both element drag and boundary shear, or friction. The results of an experimental study with hemispherical roughness elements are presented, showing how the roughness element size, spacing and pattern influence flow resistance. For the range of conditions tested, Manning’s n appears to depend on roughness element size, spacing and pattern.

Student Number : 0112584H - MSc research project - School of Mining Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / With the acquisition by AngloGold Ashanti Ltd of open pit mines in East and West Africa with possible addition of Greenfield and Brownfield operations, the emphasis of this research document was to improve the current open pit mines in this region. By identifying Mineral Resource Management (MRM) as a way to improve and manage operating practices, additional value and the accompanied risks have been identified. It was also realised that the current traditional, predominantly financial indicators are becoming increasingly inadequate, thus looking at alternative operating principles. Subsequent to this, proposals have been made to acquire the necessary production and cost change by integrating structure, strategy, systems, style, skills, staff and the defined goals as proposed in this document. Using a “process-based” approach integrating (best) operating practices, concepts such as: living out the company’s strategic values; a learning organisation; better informed decision-making; people management; self-directed teams; continuous improvement; asset and capital management; integrated information systems; and an improved internal and external customer relationship be obtained.

Thesis advisor: Brian Gareau / Thesis advisor: Juliet Schor / This research seeks to understand how, if at all, access to green and open spaces impacts community well-being. Although much work has been done in the environmental justice sector on the disproportionate distribution of amenities in low-income communities, these studies have focused mainly on the negatives such as toxics and pollutants. This research is important because it seeks to understand the importance of environmental amenities that are not available to these populations. In order to understand this relationship, I conducted in-depth interviews with nine community members and observed at four green or open spaces. As a result of the above procedures, I found that green and open spaces not only have a positive impact on community well-being, but they influence personal well-being as well. Personal well-being is enhanced by activities that foster perceived mental and physical health for individuals, while community well-being has been linked to the ability to participate in social encounters with others. Although there are many other factors that inevitably provide well-being, it is important to note that all of my interviewees believed green and open spaces in their community were a prominent contributor. This research enhances the understanding of the less visible environmental injustices low-income communities suffer. I hope that this study serves as a catalyst for future research on a larger scale that will prove the importance of access to these areas. It is my hope that cities will begin to plan their parks and open spaces in ways that will benefit the most people and that areas where space is an issue will begin to create small green areas wherever possible. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology Honors Program. / Discipline: Sociology.

The trend toward open concept office floor plans reflects evolving management styles in modern organizations. Organizations typically implement architecturally open workspace designs to seed cultural change. As the popularity of open concept offices grows, however, research suggests that they are negatively impacting collaboration and productivity. This thesis examines how organizational leadership and employees perceive the transition to an open concept workspace, incorporating employees’ aesthetic experience to understand how the space is ‘physically known’. The study takes place within a conceptual framework of aesthetic knowledge as experiential, symbolic and personal. Using a qualitative, practice-based approach that incorporates participant-led photo-ethnography, semi-structured interviews were conducted with leadership and employees. Although the results are not generalizable, they suggest that the open concept workspace both positively and negatively impacts organizational collaboration but has primarily negative effects on staff productivity, and that leadership can improve open workspace outcomes by taking employees’ embodied experiences into account in the design and implementation of such spaces. The results add to our understanding of the way in which organizational strategy and aesthetic knowledge create and sustain the way of working within an open concept office space.

Under mitt sista läsår på musikhögskolan har jag fördjupat mig inom open handed drumming. En spelteknik som har krävt att jag som högerhänt trumslagare fått byta till att bli vänsterhänt. För att utveckla denna spelteknik har jag skapat egna övningar och lärt mig avancerade trumkomp som har utmanat mina gränser vad gäller koordination, anslag och teknik. Under processen har jag arbetat med fyra olika låtar, varav en spelades in i en studio med tillhörande video. Min strävan var att bli en ambidexter trumslagare, vilket jag inte blev till fullo, men jag har tack vare detta arbete hittat nya metoder som fört mig närmare det målet. Arbetet har gett mig en förbättrad koordination och teknik, samt nya perspektiv på hur jag kan vara kreativ på trumsetet.

Microarrays are now an established tool for biological research and have a wide range of applications. In this thesis I investigate the BeadArray microarray technology developed by Illumina. The design of this technology is unique and gives rise to many computational and statistical challenges. However, I show how knowledge from other microarray technologies can be used to our advantage. I describe the beadarray software package, which is now used by researchers around the world. The development of this software was motivated by the fact that Illumina's software (BeadStudio) gives a summarised view of Illumina data and does not gives users any control over several processing steps that were found to be crucial for other microarray technologies. A main feature of beadarray is the ability to access raw data. The advantages of such data include the ability to perform more detailed quality assessment and greater control over the analysis at all stages. The analysis of a control experiment shows that the processing steps used in BeadStudio can be improved. In particular, utilising variances calculated from the raw data can increase the ability to detect genes which have different expression levels between samples, a common goal for microarray studies. The data from the control experiment are made available for other researchers to use and validate their own analysis methods. One issue discovered during the analysis of the control experiment was that only half of the intended genes could be reliably measured due to problems in the design of the probes targetting particular genes. By considering a large set of publicly available Illumina arrays, I show how such unreliable measurements can affect the analysis of Illumina data. I also show how potential problems can be identified in advance of an experiment and incorporated into an analysis pipeline.

Alors que les avantages de l'innovation ouverte ont été largement soulignés dans la littérature, le recours à des intermédiaires pour innover nécessite encore de la clarté dans les articles académiques et dans la pratique. Nous avons donc passé en revue les différentes formes d'intermédiaires. Les ‘broker’, agents intermédiaire, permettent la connexion entre deux partiesdistinctes, l’entreprise initiatrice du challenge et les innovateurs. Impliquer le ‘broker’ dans les processus d'innovation ouverte peut être une stratégie efficace à mettre en place afin d'améliorer la capacité d'absorption de l’entreprise en déjouant les collaborations inadéquates et chronophages (Brown, 1991). Au centre de cette collaboration, le ‘broker’ est l'intermédiaire etl'acteur central permettant la connexion entre ces deux acteurs. Cette thèse met en avant la façon dont l’entreprise orchestre son ouverture à des innovateurs externes. Nous expliquons comment est géré le processus du point de vue de l’entreprise initiatrice à travers une étude de cas de l’entreprise Electrolux, son département d'innovation ouvert très avancé. Nous avons également souligné l’importance du ‘broker’ au travers de notre deuxième étude sur la conception et le contenu des plateformes d'innovation. Notre objectif final était d'expliquer clairement comment ensemble ces deux premiers acteurs peuvent assurer une innovation réussie en se concentrant sur les facteurs qui garantissent la qualité des contributions des innovateurs. Nous avons adopté une approche qualitative, nous avons analysé les données partagées par Electrolux (seeker) et ces ‘broker’. Nous avons également analysé les expériences d'innovation ouverte des acteurs en réalisant des entretiens semi-structurés. La thèse a mis en lumière plusieurs questions non étudiées ou que partiellement et nous apportons des réponses sur la façon dont les entreprises peuvent gérer leur ouverture, comment les ‘broker’ devraient concevoir leurs plateformes pourrépondre aux attentes des utilisateurs (initiateur et innovateur). Ainsi que la façon dont les initiateurs de challenge et les ‘broker’ peuvent mener ensemble des challenges d'innovation ouvertes réussis impliquant des innovateurs du monde entier. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence plusieurs lignes directrices pour les acteurs de l'écosystème de l'innovation ouverte impliquant un ‘broker’. Cependant, des études quantitatives seraient nécessaires pour mesurer quantitativement le succès de cette approche étudiée. / While open innovation advantages has been widely emphasized in the literature. Intermediation under its different forms still requires clarity in academic articles and in practice. We therefore reviewed the different forms of intermediation and we attempt to advance the uncovered field of the brokering form. Brokers act as bridge between two sided parties involved, seeker and solver. Involving broker in open innovation processes can be an effective strategy to put in place in order to enhance absorptive capacity by lowering inadequate and time consuming collaborations (Brown 1991). In the literature, actors initiator of the open challenges are called – seeker, and participants to the open innovation contest are called - solvers. In the middle, brokers are the intermediary and central actor connecting them together. They manage and provide appropriate network from same or different domain of application than the seeker firm. We aim to shed light on how seeker orchestrate or may orchestrate his openness. We explain the management of the process in the seekers’ side through a case study on Electrolux, well-advanced open innovation department. We also highlighted the brokers integration by fully concentrating our study on their innovation platforms design and content. Our final objective was to clearly explain how both seeker and broker may together ensure successful innovation focusing on factors that may ensure quality of the solver’s contributions. Our approach was totally qualitative, we analyze data available from Electrolux (seeker) and brokers. We also interpret participant’s experiences of open innovation with brokers by conducting semi-structured interviews. Our thesis shed light on several uncovered or partially covered questions. We bring answers on how seekers may manage their openness, how brokers should design their platforms to meet users (seeker and solver) attempts. As well as how seeker and broker together may conduct successful open innovation contests involving solvers worldwide. Our findings highlighted several guidelines for the actors of the brokering innovation ecosystem, however, quantitative studies are required to measure quantitatively the success of this approach.

Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.A.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : p. 61-63. / by Merle W. Hansen. / M.Arch.A.S.

Thesis (M. Arch and M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1978. / Bibliography: leaves 134-137. / by Julie A. Moir. / M.Arch and M.C.P.